FOOD PROCESSING | SLIDES
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TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
OVERVIEW
Degrees of food processing
Why are foods processed?
How are foods processed?
Concerns over food processing
TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
Essential questions
How do foods differ by their degree of
processing?
Why and how are foods processed? Who
benefits from food processing?
How do practices in the food processing
industry affect food, people and the
environment?
TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
OVERVIEW
Degrees of food processing
Why are foods processed?
How are foods processed?
Concerns over food processing
TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
Degrees of food processing
Not all processed foods are alike
Minimally processed foods
Processed food ingredients
Highly processed foods
TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
Degrees of food processing
Minimally processed foods
Washed
Peeled
Sliced
Juiced
Frozen
Dried
Fermented
Pasteurized
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TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
Degrees of food processing
Processed food ingredients
Milled
Refined
Crushed
Exposed to
chemicals
Andler, L. Pile of sugar. 2006.
National Cancer Institute. Bottle of oil. 2009. Ranveig. Flour in bowl. 2005.
All images available at Wikimedia Commons.
TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
Degrees of food processing
Highly processed foods
Baked
Fried
Smoked
Toasted
Puffed
Shredded
Artificially flavored
Artificially colored
Sprayed with
vitamins
Ehardt S. Cheetos on plate. 2005.
Available at Wikimedia Commons.
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TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
OVERVIEW
Degrees of food processing
Why are foods processed?
How are foods processed?
Concerns over food processing
TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
Why are foods processed?
Preservation
Salting meats
Fermenting dairy
Pickling vegetables
Canning
Pasteurizing milk
Hundhammer D. Parmigiano reggiano cheese. 2004.
Available on Wikimedia Commons.
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TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
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Why are foods processed?
Food safety
Heating
Refrigerating
Freezing
Fermenting
Drying
Salting
Images of E. Coli bacteria.
Some strains can cause illness.
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TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
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Why are foods processed?
Variety
Modifying:
Flavor
Texture
Aroma
Color
Form
Fritz. Essene bread. 2010. Available on Wikimedia Commons.
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TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
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Why are foods processed?
Convenience
Convenience food
Fast food
Superbass . Granola bar. 2007.
Available at Wikimedia Commons.
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Why are foods processed?
Nutrition: Fortification
Commonly fortified foods:
Salt, with iodine
Milk, with vitamin D
Grain products, with
folic acid, iron,
B vitamins
TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
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Why are foods processed?
Nutrition: Fortification
Commonly fortified foods:
Salt, with iodine
Milk, with vitamin D
Grain products, with
folic acid, iron,
B vitamins
Cocoa Krispies are copyright 2009 Kellogg North America Company.
TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
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Why are foods processed?
Nutrition: Preserving nutrients
Canning
Freezing
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OVERVIEW
Degrees of food processing
Why are foods processed?
How are foods processed?
Concerns over food processing
TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
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How are foods processed?
Frozen orange juice concentrate
1. Harvesting
2. Unloading and washing
3. Sorting
4. Juice extracting
5. Pulp separating
6. Preheating (pasteurizing)
7. Evaporating
8. Essence recovery
9. Cooling
10.Packaging
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TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
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How are foods processed?
Packaged chicken meat
1. Live chickens are shipped
to a processing plant
Socially Responsible Agriculture Project .
Chicken factory farm. 2009. www.sraproject.org.
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TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
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How are foods processed?
Packaged chicken meat (continued)
2. Shackling to
assembly line
3. Stunning
4. Bleeding
5. Scalding
6. Feather removal
7. Feet, head and neck
removal
8. Eviscerating
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TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
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How are foods processed?
Packaged chicken meat (continued)
9. Washing
10.Chilling
11.Grading
12.Cutting and deboning
13.Packaging
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TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
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How are foods processed?
Chicken nuggets
1. Mechanical deboning
2. Mixing w/other
ingredients
3. Forming
4. Dusting, battering,
breading
5. Par frying
6. Freezing and packaging
7. Deep frying
CecilBuffington.com. Mechanically deboned meat. Public domain. Other images copyright.
TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
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OVERVIEW
Degrees of food processing
Why are foods processed?
How are foods processed?
Concerns over food processing
TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
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Concerns over food processing
Highly processed foods
Not inherently unhealthy, but many are:
High in added sugar
High in sodium
High in saturated fats, trans fats
Low in fiber
Made with refined grains
Conducive of unhealthy
eating behaviors
TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
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Concerns over food processing
Premium products
Versions of highly processed foods with:
Less sugar
Less fat
Less salt
Less cholesterol
No trans fats
Fortifications
Lays are copyright Frito-Lay North America, Inc.
TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
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Concerns over food processing
Food safety
2009 recall of over 2,000
products made w/peanut meal:
Peanut butter
Cookies
Crackers
Cereal
Candy
Ice cream
Pet food
USDA ARS.
Food safety inspectors at a
poultry processing plant.
TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
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Concerns over food processing
Worker justice
Dangerous tasks
Hazardous conditions
Inadequate training
High injury rates
No compensation
Smuggled illegal
immigrants
Threats against
organizing
Top: Valbuena J. USDA.
Bottom: Cecilbuffington.com.
Public domain.
TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
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Concerns over food processing
Industry concentration
Small number of
corporations control
processing industry
Affects farmers,
consumers
Farmers
Processors
Retailers
Consumers
TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
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Concerns over food processing
Industry consolidation
Larger, fewer
processing plants
Producers left without
means to process
Farmers
Processors
Retailers
Consumers
TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
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Concerns over food processing
Local and regional food systems
May help loosen the
bottleneck
Regional
processors
Farmers
Processors
Retailers
Consumers
TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
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Concerns over food processing
Packaging waste
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle!
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TEACHING THE FOOD SYSTEM | A PROJECT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR A LIVABLE FUTURE
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Concerns over food processing
Chemicals in packaging
BPA linked to:
Cardiovascular
disease
Diabetes
Male sexual
dysfunction
Certain cancers
Changes to immune
function
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