AP Biology Name: _V£ Chi Square Practice Problems Date Per: (Chi-square is a statistical rol thr helps us to decide ithe observed ratio is close enough tothe ‘expected ratio to be acceptable. Chi-square analysis an be used in any area, not just genetic. Whenever you have to determine fan exptcted ratio fits an observed roti, you can use the Chi-square x=2(0m E (Chi Square Significance Table ‘5% Probability, Value (P) 584, 1, Inpeas, yellow seeds (A) are dominant over green (2) seeds. In a cross between two plants both heterozygous for seed color, the following was observed: ee es oe Ge Dont a pede teeter nonin ££, SAL 31 og wd fea fA yew green PossoSe | ObseraT OY | pea GD] — 0 —] TO Po 3.04 12.32 > 3.64 } 2. Inpeas, smooth seeds (R) are dominant over wrinkled () seeds. Inthe P generation, a plant homozygous for smooth seeds is crossed with a plant with wrinkled seeds. The resulting F; plants are crossed. The seeds of the observed F. generation were: Smooth = 5474 Wrinkled = 1850 Does the data fit the predicted phenotypic ratio? 6), . comet Fer Teg eeeer Slee | expected penompic rae Feunmmed | eee belee =A bes cE open ameath : wine Phenotype | Obseved (0) | Expected (E) O-E (0-E ORF E Smee | BT ss SE oo seed [re eo oe — 31 0-203 Totals | Tae ozT ne ila Yes the data fits The precliciea Phenotype Pe 3.64 4 027 <33+ Ina flowering plant, white flowers (B) are dominant over red (b), and short plants (E) are dominant over tal (e) plants, When two double heterozygote (BbEe) plants were crossed, the resulting phenotypes were observed: White, short = 206 BbEe x PbEe Red, short= 83 White, tall= 65 Fwvnie «0:15 Sthert> 0.8 Red, tall 30 Fras 0.28 faail= 0:26 Does the data fit the predicted phenotypieratio? se wey Bewhile — E=2hort et ot ty bored es tall Gennes ented) (380) Phenotype | Obseved (0) | Expected (| _ O-E On (OEE red I beso) 75 0 1 c wae tat us 3549)" 13 é et on ie 30 cals 23 7 49 2.13 "Totals 7 ad a6 jade Yeo, the data fit The predicted phenotype Pe 78I ate <7.61 4. In corn, purple kernels (D) are dominant over yellow (@), and smooth kernels (G) are dominant over shrunken (g). An ear of com has 381 kernels, illustrated at right: ‘A:purple,smooth = 216 purple, shrunken = 79 yellow, smooth = 65 D: yellow, shrunken = 21 oes the data fit your predicted phenotypie ratio? (Your prediction would be the kernels are the result of a double heterozygous cross with a ratio of 9:3:3:1) Daag * DHAS purple, ennucth « 94829 SSKOTS Ob 2.3 purple, sessnten® Bet yeitw= 0.25 pore TT Yentmy,ahenken © At=1 6264 BE ~ Phenotype | Obseved (0) | Expected (E) O-E (O-EF tay act [ bg) a 7 a3 ‘Totals ca 300 n=44=3 Yes, the data Gt the predicted phenohie Pea .s7< 7816. Color blindness is a sex-linked trait in Bombats. A female who is a carrier of the color blind allele ‘mates with a male who is color blind. The phenotypes of their offspring are: Normal female = 132 Colorblind female = 124 Expected Normalmale= 126 meeeferic Bf Colorblind male= 136 Kemal $21 = 02s oes the data fit your predicted phenotypic ratio? canard t= 1 og xP=nermat Be NEL Mima tat tees Xe = colrbtind EXSY aa (omblind Bt + ee5 ee oe ~oe oi Y= ma i) aia Phenotype | Obseved (0) | Expected (E)] OE On OnE E Bama £ ees = [> one aintind ee a 5 2a Hse. mats et wa > Zs 007 [aabtind € 126 a 7 aa 098 Totals 8 = Sif ob i= #1 Yes, the dutta fir The predictea phenotype ae 016 < Le In cats, fur color is determined by the codominant, sex-linked alleles: black (B) and orange (0).A calico female (X®X0) is bred (many times) with a black male (X*Y). They produce the following offspring: ‘Black female = Calico female Black mal Expected Orangemale = 45, Thenetypic Fate Drenthe dea your predided pheno rai et aes xt piace ee on 2 Gales rt Toe Be. Change Ow Bac J th woes 7 eats ey cb Orange = > 0025 Phenotype | Obseved (0) | Expected (E) (COEF 0-E)= E mma 73 TROT = CF 7 mE Gali rn on = 3 foe Place £1 471 14 196 2.93 orange #5 “ 22 ete Totals 267 ~ 267 12.02 nea-ie3 No, the alate dees AF The predicted Pe 78 phenotype woz? 7 4