INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Target IIT JEE 2010
XIII (X)
HEATING EFFECTS
Heating effect of carbonate & bicarbonate salts
All carbonates except (Na, K, Rb, Cs) decompose on heating giving CO2
Li2CO3 Li2O + CO2
MCO3 MO + CO2 [M = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba]
1
Ag 2CO 3 2Ag + CO2 + O2
2
Black
Yellow
Cu (OH) 2 .CuCO 3
2CuO + CO2 + H2O
Basic Cu ( II ) carbonate
ZnCO 3 ZnO
white
Yellow( hot )
white( cold )
+ CO2
C
PbO + CO 2PbCO 3 .Pb(OH) 2 350
Pb3O 4 CO 2 H 2 O
PbCO3 Yellow
2
Lead
White
1
O + CO2
2 2
(NH4)2CO3 2NH3 + H2O + CO2
All bicarbonates decompose to give carbonates and CO2. eg.
HgCO3 Hg +
2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
[General reaction 2HCO 3 CO 32 +H2O + CO2]
Heating effect of ammonium salts
(NH4)2Cr2O7 N2 + Cr2O3 + 4H2O
NH4NO2 N2 + 2H2O
NH4NO3 N2O + 2H2O
2NH4 ClO4 N2 + Cl2 + 2O2 + 4H2O
2NH4 IO3 N2 + I2 + O2 + 4H2O
[If anionic part is oxdising in nature, then N2 will be the product (some times N2O).]
(NH4)2HPO4 HPO3 + H2O + 2NH3
(NH4)2SO4 NH3 + H2SO4
2(NH3)3PO4 2NH3 + P2O5 + 3H2O
(NH4)2CO3 2NH3 + H2O + CO2
[If anionic part weakly oxidising or non oxidising in nature then NH3 will be the product.]
Heating effect of nitrate salts
1
MNO3 KNO2 + O2
2
[M = Na, K, Rb, Cs]
1
2LiNO3 Li2O + 2NO2 + O2
2
Heating Effects
[1]
2M(NO3)2 2MO + 4NO2 + O2
[M = all bivalent metals eg. Zn+2, Mg+2, Sr+2, Ca+2, Ba+2, Cu+2, Pb+2]
Hg(NO3)2 Hg + 2NO2 + O2
;
2AgNO3 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2
Heating effect of Halides salts
2FeCl3 2FeCl2 + Cl2
;
AuCl3AuCl + Cl2
Hg2Cl2 HgCl2 + Hg
;
NH4Cl NH3 + HCl
Pb(SCN)4 Pb(SCN)2 + (SCN)2
PbCl4 PbCl2 + Cl2 [PbBr4 PbBr2 + Br2 & PbI4 does not exists]
Heating effect of hydrated chloride salts
MgCl2 . 6H2O
MgO + 2HCl + 5H2O
2FeCl3 . 6H2O
Fe2O3 + 6HCl + 9H2O
2AlCl3 . 6H2O
Al2O3 + 6HCl + 9H2O
C
58C
C
.2H 2O 140
CoCl 2
2
CoCl 2 .6H 2 O 50
CoCl2 .4H 2 O CoCl
2H O
Blue
Re d violet
Pink
Pink
2 H 2O
2 H 2O
Hydrated Co2+ salt - Pink
Anhydrous Co2+ salt - Blue
Heating effect of hydrated Sulphate salts
C
C
1
800C
CuSO4 .5H 2O 100
CuSO 4 .H 2O 220
CuSO 4
CuO
+
SO
+
O
2
Blue vitriol
4H2O
H 2O
White
Bluish White
2 2
CuO + SO3
Black
300C
Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3 (very important)
FeSO 4 .7 H 2O FeSO4
7 H O
Green Vitriol
from 2 moles
Fe2(SO4)3
Fe2O3 + 3SO3
1
1
C
CaSO4 .2H 2O 120
(CaSO4. 2 H2O) +1 2 H2O
gypsum
Plaster of pairs
1
CaSO 4 + 2 H2O
Dead burnt
CaSO4 .2H 2O
gypsum
70200C
200C
C
800C
ZnSO4.7H2O70
ZnSO4.H2
O
ZnSO
ZnSO4.6H2O
4 ZnO + SO2 +
H 2O
5H 2 O
H2O
Heating Effects
1
O
2 2
[2]
MgSO 4 .7 H 2 O
MgSO4 [Same as ZnSO4 ]
epsom salt
7 H 2O
2NaHSO3
2NaHSO4
Na2SO4 + H2O + SO3
220C
Na2S2O3.5H2O Na2S2O3 + 5H2O
3Na2SO4 + Na2S5.
Heating effect of Oxide salts
2Ag2O 4Ag + O2
300C
1
O
2 2
PbO2 PbO +
ZnO
white
yellow
PbO
yellow
(Massicot)
C
3MnO2 900
Mn3O4 + O2
7
2CrO5 Cr2O3 + O2
2
I2O5 I2 +
ZnO
Pb 3O 4
Red lead
PbO
Red
(Litharge)
6PbO + O2
Litharge
5
O
2 2
400C
Hg +
HgO HgO strong
yellow
3
C
2CrO3 420
Cr2O3 + 2 O2
red
heating
HgI2
Scarlet Red
1
O
2 2
HgI2
Yellow sublimate
Heating effect of dichromate & chromate salts
3
2K2Cr2O7
2K2CrO4 + Cr2O3 + O2
2
yellow
green
Heating effect of phosphate salts
NaH2PO4
H2O + NaPO3
1 phosphate salt
Na2HPO4
H2O + Na2P2O7
2 phosphate salt
Na3PO4
No effect
3 phosphate salt
temp .
Na(NH4)HPO4.4H2O NaNH4HPO4 High
NaPO3 + NH3 + H2O
4H O
2
2Mg(NH4)PO4
Mg2P2O7 + 2NH3 + H2O
Heating Effects
[3]
Heating effect of Acids
1
2HNO3 H2O + 2NO2 + O2
2
conc.
444C
H2SO4 H2O + SO3
800C
H2SO4
H2O + SO2 +
1
O
2 2
3H2SO3 2H2SO4 + S + H2O
3HNO2 HNO3 + 2NO + H2O
HClO3HClO4 + ClO2 + H2O
3HOCl 2HCl +HClO3
4H3PO3
3H3PO4 + PH3
200C
2H3PO2 H3PO4 + PH3
2NaH2PO2 Na2HPO4 + PH3
C
C
320C
H3PO4 220
H4P2O7 320
4HPO3
2P2O5 + 2H2O
Re d
C
C
2B O + H O
H3BO3 100
4HBO2 140
H2B4O7
2 3
2
hot
H2C2O4
H2O + CO + CO2
Heating effects of acetate salts
CH3CO2K
K2CO3 + CH3COCH3
Pb(OAc)2
PbO + CO2 + CH3COCH3
Mg(OAc)2 MgO + CO2 + CH3COCH3
Be(OAc)2 BeO + CO2 + CH3COCH3
Ca(OAc)2 CaCO3 + CH3COCH3
Ba(OAc)2 BaCO3 + CH3COCH3
Heating effects of oxalate salts
7Na2C2O4 7Na2CO3 + 2CO2 + 3CO + 2C
SnC2O4
SnO + CO2 + CO
FeC2O4 FeO + CO + CO2
Ag2C2O4
2Ag + 2CO2
HgC2O4 Hg + 2CO2
Heating effects of formate salts
C
HCO2Na 350
Na2C2O4 + H2
2HCOOAg
HCOOH + 2Ag + CO2
(HCOO)2Hg HCOOH + Hg + CO2
Heating Effects
[4]
