SHELL AND TUBE
43200 lb/hr of 350 API distillate is cooled from 250 to 120 0 F using cooling water from 85 to
120 F. Available for the service is a 19 in. ID 1-2 exchanger having 204 tubes in. OD, 16
BWG, 160long on 1-in.square pitch. Baffles are spaced 5 in. Apart, and the bundle is
arranged for four passes. What arrangement gives the more nearly balanced pressure drops,
and wahat is the dirt factor? What is the optimum outlet-water temperature? (viscosities of
the distillate are given in Prob. 7.6) the viscosity of the distillate is 3.1 centripoise at 100 0F
and 1.3 centripoise at 2100 F
Solution:
Distilate
w
T
outlet
T inlet
lb/jam
43200
T avg
250
API
o
120
c
btu/lb F
0,52
(Fig.4)
185
35
Water
w
lb/jam
83437,7
T inlet
o
F
85
T
outlet
o
F
120
T avg
o
F
102,5
c
btu/lb oF
1
Spesifikasi Heat Exchanger
Inside diameter shell
(ID)
Inside diameter tube
(ID)
Outside diameter tube
(OD)
Panjang tube (L)
BWG (British Weight
Gage)
Jarak antar tube
(C=Pt-OD)
Pitch tube (Pt)
Jumlah tube (Nt)
Jarak baffle (B)
19,25 inch
0,62 Inch (Table 10)
1 inch
16 inch
16
0,25 inch
1 inch
204
5 inch
1
Shell
Tube
Susunan tube
De
1 pass
4 pass
square
0,95 inch
1.
Heat Balance
Q distilate
= W x C x T
= 43200 lb/hr x 0,52Btu/lb. F x (250-120) F
= 2920320Btu/hr
2920320
W water =
Btu
hr
Btu
x ( 12085 ) o F
lbo F
= 83437,7 lb/hr
Q water = W x C x T
= 83437,7 lb/hr x 1Btu/lb. F x (120-85) F
= 2920320Btu/hr
2.
Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD)
Hot
Fluid
250
120
130
LMTD=
LMTD=
Higher
T
Lower T
Dif
Cold
Fluid
120
85
35
130
35
95
t2
t1
t2 - t1
t 2 F+ t 1 F
t 2 F
ln
t1 F
130 F+ 35 F
130 F
ln
35 F
LMTD= 72,479
R=
T 1T 2 250120
=
= 3,714
t 2t 1
12085
3
S=
t 2t 1 12085
=
= 0,2121
T 1t 1 25085
Karena tipe heat exchanger 1 shell 4 pass or more, maka dari harga R = 3,714 dan
S=0,2121 dapat diperoleh harga Ft = 0,85 (Fig.18)
LMTD = LMTD x Ft = 72,479 x 0,85 = 79,98468F
3. Temperatur Kalorik
tc = T2 t1 = 120 85 = 35 F
th = T1 t2 = 250 120= 130 F
tc T 2t 1 35 F
=
=
=0,269
th T 1t 2 130 F
Untuk API 35 dan T1 T2 = 130 F, maka diperoleh harga Kc(mean) = 0,28. Dari harga
tc
=0,269
diperoleh harga Fc = 0,374 (Fig. 17)
th
Temperatur Kalorik Distilate
Tc = T2 + Fc th
= 120F + 0,374 .130 F
= 168,62F
Temperatur Kalorik Water
tc = t1 + Fc tc
= 85 F + 0,374 .35F
= 98,09F
Shell Side (Vac. Bottom)
Area
=
Tube Side (Vac.Column Feed)
Flow Area
at
ID x C' x B
Nt x a't
at (table
144 x Pt
144 x n
10)
19,25inchx 0,25inchx 5inch
in 2
144 2 x1inch
ft
=
0,1671006
9ft2
Mass Velocity
Gt
=
Velocity
= W
as
ft2
W
at
lb
jam
0,10695 ft 2
lb
jam
0,1671 ft 2
=
=
258526,75
3 lb/jam ft2
old's Number
DexGs
1,97
v
isc
4,7674
780095
lb/jam ft2
Reynold's Number
De (Fig.
28)
0,106958
83437
43200
204 x 0,302inch 2
in 2
144 2 x 4
ft
cp
lb/ft jam
Re
visc
=
=
IDxGt
0,75
visc
1,815
cp
(Fig. 14)
lb/ft jam
Tube dengan OD 3/4 inc dan BWG 16
ID tube
=
0,62 inc (Table 10)
=
0,051667 ft
=
0,95 inc
0,079167 ft
4293,05
Re t
22206,57
lb
jam
3600
Gt
r Perpindahan Panas (jH)
=
34 (Fig. 28)
=
=
ien Perpindahan Panas
=
168,62 oF
=
35
btu/(jam)(ft2)(F/ft)
=
0,076 (Fig.1)
=
0,52 btu/lb oF (Fig.4)
=
0,0791667 ft
=
3,467
Koefisien Perpindahan Panas
hi
=
900 x Qs
(Fig. 25)
4,7674 lb/ft jam
ks cp .s 3
jH
(
) Qs
De
ks
1
3
btu
btu
lb
0,076
0,52
x 4,7674
2 o
o
( jam)( ft )( F )
(lb)( F )
( ft )( jam)
34 x
xQs
btu
0,0791667 ft
0,076
( jam)( ft 2 )( o F )
104,289
btu
( jam)( ft 2 )( o F )
hi
t
900
btu
( jam)( ft 2 )( o F )
hio
hi
ID
x
Qt
Qt OD
6
hio
t
744
btu
( jam)( ft 2 )( o F )
erature dinding tube (tw)
ho
Qs
tc
.(Tc tc)
hio ho
Qt Qs
104,28
98,09o F
btu
( jam)( ft 2 )( o F )
btu
btu
744
104,28
2 o
( jam)( ft )( F )
( jam)( ft 2 )( o F )
106,76
viskositas fluida luar dan dalam
4,7674
7,26
Qt
0,9428
ien Perpindahan Panas Terkoreksi
=
Rasio viskositas fluida luar dan dalam
0,14
=
=
.(168,62 98,09)O F
ho
Qs
Qs
98,326
btu
( jam)( ft 2 )( o F )
0 ,14
1,815
1,694( Fig .14)
1,0097
Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Terkoreksi
hio
=
hio
Qt
Qt
751,22
btu
( jam)( ft 2 )( o F )
13. Coefficient Clean Overall (Uc)
Coefficient Clean Overall adalah koefisien perpindahan panas heat exchanger dalam
keadaan bersih.
Btu
Btu
x 98,326
2
2
hio x ho
hr . ft .
hr . ft .
U c=
=
hio+ho
Btu
Btu
751,22
+98,326
2
hr . ft .
hr . ft 2 .
751,22
86,945
Btu
hr . ft 2 .
14. Coefficient Dirt Overall (Ud)
Ud=
Q
A . LMTD . F T
Dimana :
A
= Nt x L x as (Table 10)
= 204 buah x 16 x 0,1963 ft2/ft
= 640,7232 ft2
Nilai as diperoleh dari Tabel 10 yaitu dengan OD = 1 in dan BWG 14 diperoleh surface
in outside = 0,218 ft2/ft.
Ud=
Q
2920320 Btu /hr
=
A . LMTD . F T 640,7232 ft 2 x 61,607
73,98
Btu
hr . ft 2 .
15. Fouling factor (Rd)
Rd=
UcUd
Uc x Ud
Btu
Btu
73,98
2
2
hr . ft .
hr . ft .
Rd=
Btu
Btu
86,94
x 73,98
2
hr . ft .
hr . ft 2 .
86,94
0,002
16. Pressure Drop (P)
1. Tube Side
a. Berdasarkan panjang pipa
2
Pt =
f x Gt x L x n
10
5,22 x 10 x D x Sg x t
psi
Untuk Ret = 22206,57 diperoleh harga f = 0,00021 (Fig. 26)
lb
x 16 ft x 4
jam . ft 2
3,003 psi
0,00021 x
Pt =
780095,49
b. Berdasarkan tube passes
2
4xn V p
Pr =
x
Sg 2 g 144
Dengan Gt = 780095,49 maka
Pr =
V2 p
2 g 144
(Fig. 27)
adalah 0,08
4x4
x 0,08=1,28 psi
1
Maka P total untuk tube side
= Pt + Pr
= 3,003 + 1,28
= 4,283psi
2. Shell Side
f x G2s x Ds x ( N +1)
Ps =
psi
5,22 x 1010 x De x Sg (Fig . 6) x s
Untuk Res = 4293,05, f = 0,0024
Ps=
0,0024 x 258526,75322 lb / jam . ft 2 x 1,604 ft x 38,4
=3,11 psi
10
5,22 x 10 x 0,079 ft x 0,815 x 0,9428
Optimum Outlet
250x= t 2
12085=t 1=35
Asumme
Q=U A Lmtd
U=
Q
A Lmtd
Btu
hr
Btu
U=
=62,885
2
2
640,7232 ft .72,479
hr . ft .
2920320
=8000 operating hours annualy
C w=
$ 0,01
0,01 dollar
=
1000 gal 8300 lb
20 Repair maintenance10
At unit cost of $4 per square foot the annual fixed charge is
$ 4 . 0, 3=$ 1, 20
The spesific heat of water is taken as 1
10
U C w 62,885 . 8000 0,01
=
=0, 505
CF C
1,2 .1
8300
T 1T 2 250120 130
=
=
=3,71
t 1
12085
35
t2
=3
t1
t 2=T 1t 2 =3 .35=105
t=250105=14 5
11
