General stress-strain

{}
{} [
{}
11
22
33
2 12
2 23
2 31

11
1 v v
22
v 1 v

1 v v 1
33 =
2(1+v )
0 0 0
12 E
0
0
0
0
23
0 0 0
0
31

0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
0
2(1+v)
0
0
2(1+v )

]{ }
11
22
33
12
23
31

11
22
33
12
23
31

]{ }

11
1v
v
v
0 0 0
22
v
1v
v
0 0 0
v
v
1v
0 0 0
E
33

(12 v)/2
0
0
(1+v )(12 v )
0 0 0
2 12
0 0 0
0
(12 v)/2
0
2 23
0 0 0
0
0
(12 v )/2 2 31

Tresca yield
Plastic deformation occurs when the maximum shear stress over all planes
attains a critical value given by the yield stress in shear denoted by Y.

max [| 11 22|;| 22 33|;| 33 11|]= Y

| 11 22|+| 22 33|+| 33 11|

1
f ( )=
4

Von Mises Yield Criterion

plastic deformation occurs when the maximum octahedral shear stress reaches
its critical value given by the yield stress in shear Y.
Derivatoric stress

)(

)(

s11 s12 s13

11 12 13
P
s21 s22 s23 = 21 22 23 0
0
s31 s32 s33
31 32 33

0 0
P 0
0 P

s=P
Where P is hydrostatic stress or octahedral stress

P=

11 + 22+ 33
3

1
1 2
J 2= tr ( s :s )= |s|
2
2
1
2
( s211 + s12
+ s213 +s 221+ s 222 + s223 + s231 +s 232+ s 233)
2

1 2 2 2
s11 + s22 + s33 ) + s212 +s 223+ s 231
(
2

1
11 22 )2+ ( 22 33) 2+ ( 33 11 )2 ] + 212 + 223 + 231
(
[
6

Yield criterion
By the relationship of the maximum octahedral shear stress and the distortional
energy, so that the yield criterion can be expressed as

J 2=k 2

J 2=

2Y
3

3 J 2= Y
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
( ) + ( 22 33 ) + ( 33 11 ) +6 ( 12 + 23 + 31) ]= Y
2 [ 11 22
f ( )= 3 J 2 Y =0

f ( )=

3
||s|| Y =0
2

f ( )=||s||

f ( )=

2
=0
3 Y

[(

1
2
2
2
) + ( 22 33 ) + ( 33 11 ) +6 ( 212 + 223 + 231 ) ] Y =0
2 11 22

For example Principle stress

12= 23 = 31=0

f ( )=

1
2
2
2
( 11 22 ) + ( 22 33 ) + ( 33 11 ) ] Y =0
[
2

For example Plane stress (2D)

33 = 31= 23=0

f ( )= 211 + 222 11 22+3 212 Y =0

For example Plane strain (2D)

31 = 23=0

f ( )=

1
2
2
2
( 11 22 ) + ( 22 33 ) + ( 33 11 ) +6 212] Y =0
[
2

For example Pure shear (1D)

11 = 22= 33= 23= 31

f ( )= 3 212 Y =0
For example Uniaxial force (1D)

22 = 33= 12= 23= 31

f ( )= 11 Y =0
Maximum distortion strain energy criterion

W D=

G=

J2
2G

E
2(1+v )

Plane stress (2D)

 33 = 31= 23=0
f ( )= 211 + 222 11 22+3 212 Y =0
;and consider that

11 22

graph

f ( )= 211 + 222 11 22= Y

Strain energy

1
U 0= ij ij
2
1
U 0= ( 11 11 + 22 22+ 33 33 + 12 12+ 23 23 + 31 31)
2
For principle stress

U 0=

1 2
11 + 222 + 2332 v ( 11 22+ 22 33 + 33 11 ) ]
[
2E

1
U h= ij ij
2
U h=

1 2 2 2
[ + + 2 v ( h h + h h + h h)]
2E h h h

Mohr-Coulomb Yield Criterion

It is a combination of two historically different concepts of the Mohrs failure
theory [1900] and the Coulomb friction [1773]. Mohrs failure theory assumes
that the failure occurs on a plane in a body when shear stress and normal stress
on that plane achieve a critical combination

m + m sin =c cos

Where

m=

i j
2

m=

i + j
2

So that for 3D problems

max [ m+ m sin ]=c cos

max [| i j|+| i + j|sin ]=2 c cos

f ( )=

( )

I1

sin + J 2 sin + + J 2 cos + sinc cos =0

3
3
3
3

Where

cos 3 =

3 3 J3
; J 3=det ( s )
2 J 32 /2

Drucker Prager Yield Criterion

( )

It is a combination of the von Mises yield criterion and Coulomb friction, and is
based on the assumption that plastic deformation occurs when the maximum
octahedral shear stress attains a critical value given by

oct
Y =

2
1
kY I 1
3
3

1
f ( )= J 2+ I 1k Y =0
6
f ( )= 3 J 2+

1
I 1 Y =0
2

Chapter 2
Strain equation in 3D
e

Stress equation in 3D

=C [ e ] =C [ p ]
Flow rule

f ( ) g ( )
p = g ( )=
=

where

g ( )

is a prescribed function

Associated flow rule When plastic potential is the yield function. The flow rule is
associated with a particular yield criterion
Non-associate flow rule when plastic potential is not yield function, is another
prescribed function.
Kuhn-Tucker Condition

0 f ( ) 0
Conditions

=0f ( ) <0

>0f ( )=0
Thus

f ( )=0
Consistency Condition

f ( )=0
Isotropic Hardening

f ( ,q )
q = h ( , q ) = D
q
Tangent Elastoplastic Modulus

f ( , q)
)
C =

C
f ( , q)
f ( , q)
(
: C : g+
h)

q
ep

(C :g)(C :

f ( , q )= f ( , q) d + f ( , q) dq=0

q
f ( , q)
f ( ,q)
:C : ( p )
h ( , q ) =0

q
f ( , q)
f ( , q)
:C : ( g ( ) )
h ( , q )=0

q
f ( , q)
f ( , q)
f ( , q)
:C :
:C : g ( ) +
h ( , q ) =0

f ( , q)
:C :

=
f ( ,q)
f ( ,q)
:C : g ( ) +
h ( , q)

 =C : e=C : ( p ) =C :( g ( ))

[(

f ( , q)

= C

f ( , q)
f ( , q)
:C : g ( ) +
h ( , q)

q
C : g ( ) C :

The incremental problem of isotropic elastic-plasticity

n +1= n+ n +1
n +1=C : en+1=C : ( n+1 + nP+1 )
Flow rule

nP+1= Pn + n+1 g ( n +1 , q n+1 )

Hardening law

q n+1=q n n+1 h( n+1 , qn+1 )

Kuhn-Tucker loading

n +1 f ( n +1 , q n+1 )=0
Note that

n +1= ( t n +1 , t n)
Consistency condition

n +1 f ( n +1 , q n+1 )=0

Elastic predictor
P
trial
n +1 =C :| n+1 + n |= n +C :| n +1|

p trial

n +1 = n

trial
q pn+1
=qn

trial
p trial
f trial
n+1 =f ( n ,+1 ,q n+1 )

Plastic predictor
p
p
trial
n +1=C : ( n+1 + n+1 ) =C : n+1 +C : n+1

C1 ( trial
n+1 n +1 ) n+1 g ( n +1 , q n+1 )=0
q n+1q n +n +1 h ( n+1 , qn +1 )=0
n +1 f ( n +1 , q n+1 )=0

Increment of BVP of elasto-plasticity (Newton Raphson Iteration)

un+ 1=un

R
R'

Where

Fnext+1=0

Rn +1=Fn +1

 Fextn +1
F n+1

Fn +1

( u u ) +
u n+1 n +1 n

F extn +1

F n+1

Fn+1 n +1 n+1

:
:
un+1 +
n+1 n +1 un +1

Fn+1 n +1 n+1

:
:
un+1 =R n+1
n+1 n +1 un +1

K n+1 un+1 =R n+1

K n+1 = BT

[ ]

n+1
B dx
n+1

For Von Mises

f ( )=||s||

2
( + H ) =0
3

Flow rule

f ( , q)
p
= g ( , q )=
= n

f ( , q ) 2
2
q = H
=
H =H 1 q =
q
3
3
n +1= n+ n +1
p

n +1=C :[ n+1 n +1]

np+1= np+ n+ 1 nn +1

q n+1=q n

2
H n +1
3

p
s trial
n+1 =2 |e n+1 en |

p trial
e n+1
=e np

trial

q n+1 =qn
trial
f trial
n+1 =||sn +1||

2
( +q )
3 Y n

trial

n +1=

f n +1
2 (1+

n +1 0

H
)
3

- Elastic predictor

n +1 0

- Plastic predictor

s n+1 =s trial
n+1

s n+1 =s trial
n+1 2 n+1 nn +1

p
trial
e n+1
=enp+1

n +1=Ktr ( n +1 ) I + sn +1

q n+1=q trial
n+1

p
e n+1
=enp + n+1 nn+1

f n+1=f trial
n+1

n+1= n + n+1

n +1= trial
n+1

q n+1=H n+1

Prove that
trial

n +1=

f n +1
2 (1+

H
)
3

Answer:
p
p
p
p
s trial
n+1 =2 |e n+1en|=2 ( en +1e n+1 ) + 2 ( en +1e n )

p
p
s trial
n+1 =2 ( e n+1en +1 ) +2 e n+1

p
s trial
n+1 =sn +1+ 2 e n+ 1

s n+1 =s trial
n+1 2 n+1 nn +1

r ( n +1 )=||s n+1||

n+1= n + n+1

2
( + H n+1 ) =0
3 n +1

2
3

r ( n +1 )=||s trial
n+1 2 n+1 nn+ 1||

2
2
n+1 + H ( n + n+1 ) =0
3
3

2
3

r ( n +1 )=||s trial
n+1||2 n +1 n n+1

||s ||
trial
n +1

n +1=

2
2
2
n +1
H n H n+1=0
3
3
3

2
2
( n +1+ H n )(2 nn+1 + H ) n+1=0
3
3
f trial
n +1

2 (1+

H
)
3

Prove that

n+1=

r ( n+1 )
r ' ( n +1 )

Answer:

r ( n +1 )=||s trial
n+1||

n+1= n+1 n=

2
( + H n +1 )2 n+ 1 nn +1=0
3 n+1
r ( n+ 1)
r ' ( n +1 )

C ep

Prove that

|s n+1|
=n n+1
s n+1

n+1= n + n+1

|s trial
n+1|
=2 nn +1
en +1

n+ 1 n +1 2
=
en +1 e n+1 3

n n+1 nn+1 sn +1 2 nn +1
=
=
(1nn+1 nn +1)
e n+1 sn +1 e n+1 ||strial
n +1||
||strial
n +1
n+1
n +1||
2 '
r ' ( n +1 )=

q ( n1)
2
=0
e n+1
3
en +1
en +1

2
3

2 n n+1

nn +1

n+ 1
n +1
2 '
q ( n1)
2
=0
3
en +1
e n+1

1 2 '
2 n+1
q ( n1) n+1

=0
2 3
e n+1 3 en +1

n+1
=
e n+1

1
nn+1
q ( n 1 )
1+
3
'

n +1=Ktr [ n +1 ] I + s trial
n+1 2 n+1 nn +1
n+1
strial
n

=KI I + n +1 2 [ n +1 n+1 +nn +1 n+ 1 ]

e n+1
e n+1
e n+1
e n+1
n+1
2n
=KI I + 2 nn +12 [ n+1 trialn +1 (1nn+1 nn +1)+nn +1
e n+1
||sn +1||

n+1
2n
=KI I + 2 nn +12 [ n+1 trialn +1 (1nn+1 nn +1)+
e n+1
||sn +1||

n+1
2n
=KI I + 2 nn +12 [ n+1 trialn +1
e n+1
||sn +1||

n+1
2 n+1 nn+1
=KI I + 2 n n+1
2
e n+1
||s trial
n+1||

n+1
2
=KI I + 2 1 trialn+1 nn+1 +2
e n+1
||s n+1||

1
nn+ 1]
q ( n1)
1+
3
'

1
nn +1 nn +1 ]
q ( n1 )
1+
3
'

2 n+1 nn+1
1

nn+1 nn+1 ]
trial
q ' ( n1 )
s n+1||
|
|
1+
3

2 n+1 nn+1
1

nn +1 nn +1
trial
q ' ( n 1 )
s n+1||
|
|
1+
3

2 n+1 nn+1
1

nn+1 nn +1
q ' ( n1 )
s trial
|
|
n+1||
1+
3

KI I +2 1

2 n+1

||s ||
trial
n+1

1
(I I I )+2
3

1
KI I +2 ( I I I )+2
3

[
]

2 n+1 nn+1
1

nn+1 nn+ 1
q ( n1 )
s trial
|
|
|
|
n+1
1+
3
'

1
nn +1 nn +1
q ( n 1 )
1+
3
'

Note that
Consistent elastic tangent modulus

n+1
2
1
=KI I + 2 1 trialn+1 (I I I )+ 2
e n+1
3
||s n+1||

Continuous elastic tangent modulus

1
KI I +2 ( I I I )+2
3

Put

2 n +1

||s ||
trial
n +1

=0

1
nn +1 nn +1
q ( n 1 )
1+
3
'

2
1
trialn+1 nn+1 nn +1
q ( n1 ) ||s n+1||
1+
3
'

Prove that

C=

EH
E+ H

f ( , q )=0
f ( , q )= f ( , q ) + f ( , q ) q =0

q
f ( , q )=sign [ ] E ( p ) + H =0
f ( , q )=sign [ ] E ( sign[ ] )H =0
sign [ ] E ( E+ H ) =0
= sign [ ] E
E+ H

=E : e =E :( p )
=E : e =E :( p )
E
EH
=E e =E : 1
=

E+ H
E+ H

EH

E+ H

Prove that

f trial
n +1
E+ H

p
p
n +1=E ( n+1 n+1
np )
) =E ( n+1 np )E ( n+1

p
trial
n +1= trial
n+1 E n +1= n+1 E sign[ n+1 ]

f n+1=| n+1|( Y + H n+1 )

f n+1=| n+1|( Y + H n )H ( n +1 n)E
trial

trial

f n+1=f n+1 ( E+ H )
trial

f n +1
E+ H

For 1- D Problem
trial

n +1= n+1 E

f trial
n+1
sign[ n +1]
E+ H

trial

p
n +1

f
= + n+1 sign [ n+1 ]
E+ H
p
n

n+1= n +

f trin+1al
E+H