PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT

GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA
2010
1

( FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY )

( SECOND EDITION )

GUIDELINES FOR
BUILDING DESIGN
(GENERAL PROCEDURE
FOLLOWED IN
THE DESIGNS CIRCLE)

R. B. GADGE
Superintending Engineer
Designs Circle (Bldg.)

(DT. 08/03/2010)
PREFACE OF SECOND EDITION

The publication of this guidelines could not have been possible but for the
untiring efforts put in by a large number of individuals working in the Designs
Circle.

The first edition of these guidelines were issued in 1996.

Thereafter

modification to I.S.13920 and I.S.456 have been issued. There also have been
some changes in practices in the design procedure adopted by Designs Circle.
In view of this, it was decided to have modifications in these guidelines.
Hence, a small group of officers working in the Designs Circle was formed
and the work of updating and modification to the first edition of these
guidelines was undertaken. The new chapters such as structural models and
seismic analysis, design criteria are added and some modifications are done in
existing chapter.

The contribution of this group comparising of Shri V.P.Ramgude, Executive

Engineer (Standards) Building, Smt. Rupa Raul, Executive Engineer,
Building-Mumbai, Shri R.G.Shete and Shri S.A.Ninawe, Sub-Divisional
Engineers, Bldg.-Mumbai, are specially acknowledged.

Also The efforts taken by Shri S.G.Bhoir, Shri S.Y.Gaikwad, Tracers,

Smt.P.P.Pable, Smt.S.P.Naware, Steno-Typists, Shri S.B.Gadhave, Sr.Clerk
and other staff in the Designs Circle in recasting the second edition of
guidelines are acknowledged.

This second edition is expected to meet the demands of the building designer
while planning for building designs.

Date : 08/03/2010

( R. B. GADGE )
Superintending Engineer
Designs Circle (Bldg.)

FOREWORD

Designs Circle (Bldg.) of the P.W.Department has been set up to carry out
Structural Design work of important buildings for the Government of Maharashtra.
Since the inception of Designs Circle in 1958, it has been instrumental in
absorption and application of latest design practices based on I.S. codes and field
experiences. The construction practices evolved over the years have been compiled in
the form of Designs Circles Technical Notes, No.7502 and 7503, and are already in
circulation among the field engineers.
It was a long felt need that the entire process of Building Design as followed
in Designs Circle should also be made available to field engineers so that they will be
in a better position to prepare, the Design of Structures, which are required to be
prepared at the field level itself. Keeping this in view, the present Document has been
prepared.
I am sure that this Document will serve its purpose and all the Engineers of
Department will find it extremely useful.
I wish to congratulate the authors of this book, Shri S.S.Phatak, Shri
P.K.Ninawe, Shri K.S.Jangde for their endeavour in writing the same.
I would appreciate suggestion for further improvement of this document.

G.K.DESHPANDE
SECRETARY (WORKS)
PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA
MUMBAI.

INTRODUCTION

There was a long felt need to have a documented methodology to tackle

Design of R.C.C. Multistoried Buildings for the benefit of engineers of the Public
Works Department. With this intention, this document has been prepared, keeping in
view, the present practices and procedures adopted in Designs Circle. By following
this document the engineers will be in a position to tackle R.C.C. Design of buildings
independently.
Thanks are due to Shri L.C.Shah and Shri H.L.Sisodia, Executive Engineers,
Shri S.V.Jadhav, Assistant Engineer (I) of the BUILIDNG WING for many good
suggestions. Thanks are also due to, Mrs.S.B.Rangari and Mrs.J.U.Shenoy, StenoTypists who have typed the drafts, Shri S.K.Patil, Shri J.S.Shah, Shri V.G.Jadhav,
Tracers who have prepared the sketches. Thanks are also due to Shri K.S.Karmarkar,
Deputy Engineer and Desk Officer, Computer Cell P.W.D. Mantralaya, who have
guided in the preparation o f page layouts using computer software and his staff who
have prepared print copy.
Every care has been taken to make the matter more lucid, free from errors.
However, a few might have still escaped attention. Readers are requested to give their
valuable suggestions and point out the errors etc.

We hope that this book will serve its purpose.

S.S. PHATAK, Executive Engineer (BL-II)

K.S. JANGDE, Superintending Engineer (Bridge)
P.K. NINAWE, Superintending Engineer (Bldg.)
KONKAN BHAVAN, NAVI MUMBAI.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SR.NO.

I.

CONTENTS

PAGE

CHAPTER I
General philosophy of Building Designs

General Introduction.

2.

Design philosophy.

3.

Computer aided design.

4.

Steps involved in R.C.C. Design.

10

II

CHAPTER II
Prerequisites of Building Design

Study of Architectural drawing.

13

Study of field data.

14

List of I.S. Codes for Building Design.

15

4.

General practice followed in Design Circle.

19

III.

CHAPTER III
General procedure of Building Design

1.

2.

a) Guideline for preparation of R.C.C. layout .

21

b) Numbering system and notations to be adopted in layout.

21

Guidelines for fixing the position and orientation of columns

23

in the layout.
3.

Guidelines for fixing the beam position.

24

4.

Guidelines for fixing the slab directions.

25

5.

Preliminary beam design

25

6.

Preliminary column design and determination of size and

26

column sections.
7.

Analysis of building frames.

27

IV.

CHAPTER IV
Structural model and seismic analysis

1.

Seismic Analysis

29

2.

Preparation of STADD PRO Model of building

33

3.

Analysis by STADD PRO

34

4.

Design of various R.C.C elements of building (footing,

35

columns, beams, slabs etc.)

5.

Computer aided design using in-house developed software

40

6.

Earthquake resistance design guide lines as per I.S.4326.

40

V.

CHAPTER V
Detailing

1.

Notes to appear on various schedules.

46

2.

Various format

50

3.

Field data.

55

4.

Sketches.

60

5.

Govt. Circular of November 1980.

70

CHAPTER-I

GENERAL PHILOSOPHY OF BUILDING DESIGN.

DESIGN OF R.C.C. MEMBERS OF
BUILDINGS, PROCEDURE
FOLLOWED IN THE DESIGNS
CIRCLE.

c) If the work is budgeted, item

number of work and its page
number in the Budget Book.

1. INTRODUCTION : Instructions
about the preparation of R.C.C design
of building works have been issued
vide Govt. in P.W.D. Circular
No.BDG-1080/ 80838 (394)/Desk-2,
dt.3rd Nov.1980. (Kept at page 63)

(d) Proposed construction programme

i.e. proposed dates of start of
different stages of construction and
scope of
different
phases
of construction,
in case of
phased construction.

1.1 This circular states that R.C.C.

design of all load bearing
structures and R.C.C. framed
structures upto four stories i.e.
G+3 upper, except in case of
structures requiring wind and/or
seismic analysis, shall be prepared
by the field engineers.

(e) Field Data in standard proforma

prescribed by the Designs Circle.
Copy of the standard proforma is
kept at page 48 .
1.4 It is also desired that Field
Engineer should communicate to
Designs Circle, the present
position of the tender for the work
i.e. the date of issue of tender
notice, date of receipt of the tender
and likely date of issue of work
order. This information will be
helpful to Designs Circle, in
planning the design work and
there will be less likelihood of
delay in supply of R.C.C.
Schedules from time to time i.e. as
per the construction programme
proposed by field engineers.

1.2 The design of R.C.C. frame

structures having more than G+3
upper floors as well as structures
with more that G+2 upper floors
requiring wind and/or seismic
analysis are required to be
prepared by Design Circle.
1.3 Designs Circle will undertake the
work of preparing R.C.C. design
for a structure only after the
receipt
of
the
following
information from the field
engineers.

1.5 It is a prerequisite that, before

undertaking actual design work,
the design engineer should have
basic knowledge of Strength of
materials,
Properties
of
materials,
Behaviour
of
structures,,
Analysis
of
structures
and
thorough
knowledge about detailing of
reinforcement, etc. Also he should
be acquainted with various I.S.
Codes which are required to be
referred to in the design work. It

(a) Copy of Administrative approval to

the estimate of the structure, (based
on
approved
Architectural
drawings.) along with a blue print
set of original Architects plans
(No traced copies are acceptable).
(b) Copy of Technical sanction from
the competent authority.

is, therefore, advised that the

designer should refresh his
knowledge by referring to the
various technical books and codes.

R.C.C. structures as per Limit State

Method, since early eighties.
2.3 Codes: In carrying out the design
calculations, one has to comply to
the provisions of various I.S.
Codes. Use of special publications
of B.I.S. and Hand Books for
design
methodology
and
readymade design tables can also
be made. A List of frequently
referred codes/hand books is given
on page 7.

2. DESIGN PHILOSOPHY :
2.1 R.C.C. design of building is being
carried out mainly (1) Limit state
method.
2.2. The Limit state method is now in
vogue in all government design
offices and premier private
consulting firms.
The B.I.S.
have
published
I.S.:456-2000
incorporating the use of Limit State
Method as a main philosophy of
design.
The designer should
therefore get well versed with the
theory of Limit State Method of
design.

2.4 The designer is advised to study

I.S. codes carefully and also
discuss the provisions among his
colleagues/superior officers for
clarification/s
for
better
understanding.
2.5 Besides analytical part of structural
design, following factors should
also be kept in mind while
designing the structure.

Working Stress Method: Used over

decades, this method is now
practically outdated in many
advanced countries of the world,
because of its inherent limitations.

(a) Strength of structure.

(b) Durability of structure.

The I.S.:456-2000 code gives

emphasis on Limit State Method
which is the modified form of
Ultimate Load Method.

(c) Serviceability of structure,

during construction as well as
during design life time of the
structure.

Limit State Method is a judicious

amalgamation of Working Stress
Method and Ultimate Load
Method, removing the drawbacks
of both the methods but retaining
their good points. It is also based
on sound scientific principles and
backed by more than 25 years of
research. The Limit State Method
has proved to have an edge over
the Working Stress Method from
the economic point of view.
Consequently we need not stick to
Working Stress Method any more.
Accordingly, Designs Circle in
P.W. Department is designing the

(d) Economy in building materials

ease of construction and
maintenance.
(e) Economy in centering and form
work.
(f) Aesthetics of structure.

3. COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN :

3.1 Personal computers of sufficiently
high speed and large memory
capacity have been made available
to Designs Circle. Designs Circle
has developed various design
9

software and same are being used.

Software available presently in
Designs Circle are discussed in
Chapter IV. Designer should get
conversant with the Users Manuals
of these programmes so that he can
work independently on the
computer.

quick construction. Concrete Mix

to be adopted for beams and slabs
as per IS :456-2000 page No.20.

(i)
Study
the
architectural
drawings. (See page 6)

(vi) Group the members such as

columns, beams, slabs, footings
etc. wherever possible, on the basis
of the similarity of loading pattern,
spans, end conditions etc.
It
reduces the quantum of calculation
work.
(vii) Prepare R.C.C. Layouts and
get approval from the Architect to
the R.C.C. layouts and tentative
sizes of beams and columns and
other structural members if any. In
the
R.C.C. layouts, show the
structural
arrangement
and
orientation of columns, layout of
beams, type of slab (with its design
live load) at different floor levels.

(ii) Study the field data. (See page

7)

For a building, generally following

R.C.C. layouts are prepared.

(iii)Prepare R.C.C. layouts at

various floor levels. (See page 14).

(a) R.C.C. layout at pile cap/plinth

level/tie level (if any).

(iv) Decide the imposed live load

and other loads such as wind,
seismic and other miscellaneous
loads, (where applicable), as per
I.S.:875, IS 1893-2000 considering
the contemplated use of space, and
seismic zone of the site of
proposed building.

(b) R.C.C. layout at various floor

levels or at typical floor level
(depending on Architectural
plans).

At present mainly STAAD. Pro

/Struds are being used for design of
buildings in Designs Circle.
4. STEPS INVOLVED IN R.C.C.
DESIGN :
The R.C.C. design of a building
is carried out in following steps.

(c) R.C.C. layout at terrace level.

(d) R.C.C. layout at staircase roof
level.

(v) Fix the tentative slab and beam

sizes and then prepare preliminary
beam design. Using values of
support reactions from preliminary
beam design, prepare preliminary
column design and based on these
load calculations, fix tentative
column section and its concrete
mix.
As far as possible, for
multistories buildings, the same
column size and column mix
should be used for at least two
stories so as to avoid frequent
changes in column size and
concrete mix facilitate easy and

and where lifts are provided.

(e) R.C.C. layout at lift machine
room floor level.
(f) R.C.C. layout at lift machine
room roof level.
Where good foundation is available
at reasonably shallow depth, provision
of plinth beams in Non Seismic Areas
can be omitted. However, this should
be got approved from Superintending
Engineer/competent authority. In such
10

case the R.C.C. layout at plinth level

may be prepared accordingly.

For design of other types of footing

refer standard text books.

(viii) Finalise various structural frames

in X-direction and Y-direction
followed by preparation of frame
sketches and filling in, data of the
frames on coding sheets, for computer
aided frame analysis.

(xiv) Design slabs manually by using

Hand Book for R.C.members Vol.I
or by using computer programme
SLAB.
(xv) Design beams by using the frame
analysis output. It gives required area
of reinforcement at various locations
and diameter and spacing of shear
reinforcement. Ductility shall be
applied for building in Seismic ZoneIII & IV above.

(ix) Feed the data of frames on

computer and recheck the data so
stored, by getting a print out.
(x) Analyse the frames using STAAD
Pro.

Designers work now involves.

(xi)
Calculation
of
Horizontal
forces : Whenever the structure is to be
designed for horizontal forces (due to
seismic or wind forces) refer I.S.:1893
for seismic forces and I.S.:875 Part-III
for wind forces.

(a) Fix the bar diameter and

number of bars (at top and
bottom) at various locations
along the beam span, as per
codal provisions and practice.
(b) Finalise the diameter and
spacing
of
shear
reinforcement as per analysis
results and as per codal
provisions of detailing where
ever applicable.

All design parameters for

seismic/wind analysis shall be got
approved
from
Superintending
Engineer before starting design
calculations and frame analysis. The
proper selection of the various
parameters is a critical stage in design
process.

(xvi) Preparation
of
R.C.C.
schedules for footings, slabs, beams
and columns at various levels, on
completion of respective design.

(xii)
Design column sections
Assemble the design data for column
design, using results obtained in
analysis of respective X and Y
direction frames, which include the
column under considerations. The
design of column can be done using
computer programme ASP2 or
manually by referring to Hand Book
of R.C.members (Limit State Design)
Volume II (Govt. of Maharashtra
Publication).

As these R.C.C. schedules are to

be used during the execution, designer
should take maximum care in
preparing them. Schedules should be
prepared by one Engineer, and
thoroughly cross checked by another
Engineer, before submitting the same
for approval to the competent
authority.
In schedules, special
instructions to the field engineers
should be highlighted and sketches
should be drawn wherever necessary.
General notes to be mentioned on
schedules are kept at page 39.

(xiii) Design footings manually using

Hand Book of R.C.C. members (Limit
State Design) Volume II or by using
the computer programme FOOT or
other suitable programme Software for
design of isolated or combined footing.
11

Form of schedule of footings schedule

of columns, schedule of beams,
schedule of slabs are kept at page 44,
45, 46, 47 & 48 respectively.

12

CHAPTER-II
PRE-REQUISITES OF BUILDING DESIGN.

sizes required by Architect (on

architectural grounds) are given
or otherwise.

1. STUDY OF ARCHITECTURAL
DRAWINGS :
1.1 As the building is to be constructed
as per the drawings prepared by the
Architect, it is very much
necessary for the Designer to
correctly visualize the structural
arrangement as proposed by the
Architect.
A Designer, after
studying Architects plans, can
suggest necessary changes like
additions
/
deletions
and
orientations of columns and beams
as required from structural point of
view.
1.2 For this, the designer should have a
complete set of prints of original
approved architectural drawings of
the building namely i) Plans at all
the floor levels, ii) Elevations,
(front, back and sides), iii) Salient
cross sections where change in
elevation occurs and any other
sections that will aid to visualize
the structure more easily. The
cross sections should show the
internal details like locations of
windows, doors, toilets, staircases,
lift machine room, staircase rooms,
and any other special features like
gutter at roof level, projections
proposed to give special elevation
treatment, etc.
1.3 During the study following points
should be noted. The drawings
should be examined to find out,
(i)

Whether the plan shows all the

required dimensions and levels
so that the designer can arrive
at the lengths and sizes of
different members. Wherever
necessary, obligatory member

13

(ii)

Whether
the
plans
and
schedules of doors and
windows etc. are supplied so as
to enable designer to decide
beam sizes at these locations.

(iii)

Whether thickness of various

walls and their height is given.
Head room in stair and ramp,
porch basement should be
checked with reference of
required depth of beam.

(iv)

Whether
functional
requirements and utility of
various spaces are specified in
the plans. These details will
help in deciding the imposed
load on these spaces.

(v)

Whether material for walls is

specified.

(vi)

The structural arrangement and

sizes proposed by the Architect
should not generally be
changed
except
where
structural design requirements
can not be fulfilled by using
other alternatives like using
higher grade of concrete mix or
by using higher percentage of
steel or by using any other
suitable alternate structural
arrangement. Any change so
necessitated be made in
consultation
with
the
Architect.
Further design
should be carried
out
accordingly.

(vii)

(viii)

(xi)

Note the false ceiling,

lighting arrangements, lift/s
along with their individual
carrying capacity (either
passenger or goods), Air
Conditioning
ducting,
acoustical treatment, R.C.C.
cladding, finishing items,
fixtures, service/s opening
proposed by the Architect.

(xii) What type of water proofing

treatment is proposed in
toilet blocks and on terrace.

Note the position/s of

expansion joints, future
expansion (horizontal and /
vertical) contemplated in
the Architects plan and
check up with the present
scope of work (indicated in
the Field Data submitted
by the field engineers).
The design of the present
phase will account for
future expansion provision
such as loads to be
considered for column and
footing design (combined /
expansion joint footing)
resulting if any.

The findings of the above

scrutiny should be brought to the
notice of the Architect and his
clear opinion in this matter
should be obtained before
proceeding ahead with R.C.C.
design.

2. STUDY OF FIELD DATA :

2.1 The architectural drawings give the
details only from architectural
point of view.
As such the
designer must also have thorough
information of the site where the
structure is proposed to be
constructed. For this a standard
proforma has been prescribed by
Designs Circle. The field engineer
has to submit the field data in this
proforma while requesting Designs
Circle for supply of R.C.C.
designs. Copy of the form of
Field Data is kept as page 48.

If this aspect is neglected it will

create design as well as
execution problems in the next
phase of work. In case of
vertical expansion in future, the
design load for the present
terrace shall be maximum of
the future floor level design
load or present terrace level
design load.

2.2 The Field Data is essential before

starting design work. However, it
is generally noticed, that the Field
Data lacks vital information such
as bearing capacity of the founding
strata, proposed location and
capacity of over head water tank/s,
electrical
lift
loads,
future
horizontal
and/or
vertical
expansion etc. So on receipt of
Field Data it should be checked
thoroughly and if any data is found
to be missing, the same should be

(ix) Whether equipment layout has

been given, particularly in the
areas where heavy machinery is
proposed to be located.
(x)

Whether the location/s of the

over head water tanks
specified by the Architect and
whether
Field
Data
submitted by field engineer
furnishes
the
required
capacity of each over head
water tank.

Special features like sun

breakers,
fins,
built-in
cupboards with their sections
so as to enable designer to take
their proper cognizance.

14

proposed (with reasons) and

safe bearing capacity of the
founding strata and its depth
from the general ground level
alongwith trial bore log
details and test results on
rock samples.

called
from
field
engineer
immediately, to avoid delay in
starting the design work.
2.3 Besides information on the points
mentioned in prescribed proforma,
information on special points also
is to be supplied where applicable
by the field officers, like :
(i)
Machinery
and/or
equipment layout.
(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

(vii)

(viii) If
necessary,
Superintending
Engineer,
Designs Circle shall visit the
site, in case of critical site OR
field data is inadequate.

Air cooling/air conditioning

ducting layouts including
exhaust arrangements.

3. LIST
OF
I.S.
CODES
GENERALLY REQUIRED TO
BE REFFERED TO FOR
BUILIDNG DESIGN.

False ceiling arrangements,

proposed
acoustical
treatment, electrical lighting
and audio system fixtures.

3.1 The important I.S. Codes (with

their latest editions/amendments) to
be referred to for design of
buildings are as follows :

Fire fighting pipeline/s or

any other special ducting
layouts.

(i) I.S.:456-2000 : Code of

practice
for plain and
reinforced
concrete.

Sub soil and sub soil water

properties particularly Sulfide
and Chloride contents where
the building is located in
coastal and or highly polluted
industrial area.

(ii) I.S.:800-1962 : Code of

practice
for use of
structural steel
in general
building
construction.

Importance factor (I) and

zone factor as per I.S.1893; to
be considered for the
proposed building when the
building is being constructed
in seismic zone. It may be
noted that the importance
factor more than 1.0 leads to
increased seismic forces
consequently
the
reinforcement
requirement
increases
considerably.
Therefore before starting
Seismic Analysis, importance
factor (I) should be got
approved
from
the
Superintending Engineer.

(iii) I.S.:875-1987 : Design loads

(Part I to V)
other than
earthquake for
building
design.
Part-I
Part-II
Part-III
Part-IV
Part-V

In case foundations other

than open type of foundation
15

: Dead loads.
: Imposed
loads.
: Wind loads.
: Snow loads.
: Special loads
and load
combinations.

foundation.
(xi) I.S.:2911:1990: Code of
practice
(Part I to IV) for design and
construction of
pile
foundation.

(iv) I.S.:1080-1965: Code of

practice
for Design and
construction of
shallow
foundation in
soils (other
than
Raft, Ring and
Shell)

(xii) I.S.:2950-1981: Code of

practice for
design and
construction of
raft foundation.

(v) I.S.: 1642-1988: Fire safety of

Bldgs.
(General)
Details of
Construction.

(xiii) I.S.:3370-1965: Code of

practice for
water
retaining
structures.

(vi) I.S.:1643-1988: Code of

Practice
for Fire safety
of Bldgs.
(General)
Exposure
Hazard.

(xiv) I.S.:3414-1987: Code of

Practice for
Design and
installation of
joints in
Buildings.

(vii) I.S.:1644-1988: Code of

practice for fire
safety of Bldgs.
(General) Exit
requirements
and
personal
Hazards.

(xv) I.S.:4326-1993: Code of

practice for
earthquake
resistant
design
of structure.
(xvi) I.S.:6403-1981: Code of
Practice for
Determination
of bearing
pressure of
shallow
foundation.

(viii)I.S.:1888-1972:Methods of
load test
on soils.
(ix)I.S.:1893-(Part 1): Criteria for
2002 earthquake
resistant design
of structures.

(xvii) I.S.:13920-1993: Code of

(reaffirmed practice for
1998)
ductility
detailing of
reinforced
concrete
structures
subjected to
seismic
forces.

(x) I.S.:1904-1986: Code of

practice
for design &
construction of
foundation in
soil structural
safety of
building
16

3.2.1 General Provisions :

Clause No.20
: Deals with
stability of the
structure
against
overturning
and sliding.

I.S. Codes are also available for

design of special types of structures
like folded plate, shell structures
etc. Refer Publication list of BIS
for the same.
Similarly
there
are
special
publications of I.S. which are
useful for design of buildings such
as.
(i)

Clause No.26.2.1 : Development

length of bars.

SP-16 : Design Aids to

I.S.:456-2000.

Clause No.26.3.2: Minimum

distance
between
individual bars.

(ii) SP-22 : Explanation of

I.S.1893 &
I.S.:4326.

Clause No.26.3.3: Maximum

distance
between
bars in tension.

(iii) SP-23 : Concrete Mix.

(iv) SP-24 : Explanation of
I.S.:456-2000.
(v)

SP-25 : Cracks in buildings

and their repairs.

(vi)

SP-34 : Detailing in R.C.C.

structures.

Clause No.26.4 : Nominal Cover

to
reinforcement.
Clause No.27

3.2.2
(vii)

SP-38 : Design of steel

trusses.

: Expansion
joints.

Provision regarding slabs :

Clause No.22.2 : Effective span.

Besides above mentioned I.S.

Codes
Hand
Book
for
R.C.Members
(Limit
State
Design) Vol.I.and II by P.L.
Bongirwar and U.S.Kalgutkar,
published by P.W.D. (Govt. of
Maharashtra) is very useful.

Clause No.22.4.1: Arrangement of

Imposed load.
Clause No.22.5 : Moment and
shear
co-efficient
for continuous
beams.

For aspects which are not covered

by any other I.S. codes available,
relevant British Standard codes
may be referred to.

Clause No.23.2 : Control of

deflection.
Clause No.24.1 : Provisions
regarding solid
slabs.
Clause No.26.5.2.1: Minimum
reinforcement.

3.2 While designing R.C.C. structures,

important provisions of I.S.Codes
must be borne in mind. Some of
the important provisions of
I.S.:456-2000 are as follow :

Clause No.26.5.2.2: Maximum

diameter.
17

3.2.3

Provisions Regarding Beams :

Clause No.25.1.3: Unsupported

length.

Clause No.22.2 : Effective span.

Clause No.22.4.1: Arrangement
of live load.

Clause No.25.2 : Effective

length of
compression
members.

Clause No.22.5 : Moment and

Shear
co-efficient
for continuous
beams.

Clause No.25.3: Slenderness

limits for
columns.
Clause No.25.4 : Minimum
eccentricity.

Clause No.23.2 : Control of

deflection.

ClauseNo.26.5.3.1:
Longitudinal
reinforcement.

Clause No.23.3 : Slenderness

Limits
for beams.

Clause No.26.5.3.2: Transverse

reinforcement.

Clause No.26.5.1.1: Requirement

of tensile
reinforcement
for beams.

Clause No.43 : Cracking

consideration.
3.2.5

Clause No.26.5.1.2: Compression

reinforcement.

Clause No.34.1.2 : Thickness at

the edge of
footing.
Clause No.34.4 : Transfer of
load at the
base of
columns.

Clause No.26.5.1.3: Side face

reinforcement.
Clause No.26.5.1.5: Maximum
Spacing
of shear
reinforcement.

Other references /
generally referred to are

Clause No.26.5.1.6: Minimum

shear
reinforcement.

Literature

1.Reinforced Concrete Designers

Hand
Book by Reynolds &
Steelman.
2.Limit State Theory & Design of
Reinforced Concrete by Karve and
Shah.
3.Hand Book of Reinforced Concrete
Design (I.S.455-1978) by Karve.
4. Limit State Design of Reinforced
Concrete by Vergis.

Clause No.26.5.1.7: Distribution

of torsion
reinforcement.
3.2.4

Provisions for footings :

Provisions for Columns :

Clause No.25.1.2: Short and
slender
compression
members.

18

4. GENERAL PRACTICE
FOLLOWED IN DESIGNS
CIRCLE :

(ix)

Deduction in dead loads for

openings in walls need not be
considered.

(i)

(x)

Unless otherwise specified,

the weight of various materials
shall be considered as given below
:

(ii)

The
loading
to
be
considering for design of different
parts of the structure including
wind loads shall be generally as per
I.S.:875-1987 (Part I to IV) and
I.S.:1893-2002 (seismic loads) with
their latest amendments/s.

(a) Brick masonry

:1920
kg/m3

Live load for sanitary block

shall be 200 kg/m2.

(b) Reinforced cement :2500

concrete
kg/m3.

(iii)
Lift machine room slab
shall be designed for live load of
1000 kg/m2.

(c) Floor finish for

: 100
heavy weight suitably kg/m2
added and for light
weight subtracted.

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

Lift
loads
shall
be
considered as per relevant I.S.
codes as per capacity of lift and the
same shall be increased by 100%
for impact while designing.

(d) Brick Bat Coba of : 200

112 mm. thickness kg/m2
laid on terrace for
water proofing
treatment.

Loading due to electrical

installation e.g. A.C. ducting,
exhaust fans etc. shall be got
confirmed from the Executive
Engineer, electrical wing of P.W.
Department.

(e) Brick Bat Coba in :1920

bath & W.C.
kg/m3.
depending on
thickness of water
proofing treatment .
(xi)

Seismic loads shall be as

per I.S.:1893-2002 and I.S.43261993. The method of analysis and
values of various parameters shall
be taken as per relevant provisions
of the codes.

(vii)
Ductility
provisions
specified in I.S.:4326-1993 and
I.S.:13920-reaffirmed 1998 Edition
1.2, 2002-2003 shall be adopted in
design, for the buildings located in
Seismic Zone III, IV & V.

The analysis shall be

carried out separately for dead
loads, live loads, seismic loads,
wind loads.
All the structural
components shall be designed for
the worst combination of the above
loads as per I.S.:1893-2002.

(xii)
Minimum reinforcement in
all structural members shall be as
per relevant clauses of I.S.: 4562000.
(xiii)
The R.C.C. detailing in
general shall be as per SP:34 and as
per the sketches given in this
guidelines.

(viii)
Any other loads which may
be required to be considered in the
designs due to special type or
nature of the structure shall be got
approved in advance from the
Superintending Engineer.
19

(xiv)

High
Yield
Strength
Deformed bars shall be used for
main
and
distribution
reinforcement.

(xv)

Diameter of bars in
footings, shall be not less than 10
mm.

(xvi)

Spacing of stirrups in
beams shall not exceed 25 cm.

(xvii)

Thickness of slab shall not

be less than 12 cm. and in toilet
blocks not less than 15 cm.

(xviii)
Depth of beam shall not be
less than 23 cm.
(xix)

Spacing of ties in columns

shall not exceed 25 cm.

(xx)

The longitudinal bars in

columns shall not be less than 12
mm. in diameter.

20

CHAPTER-III
GENERAL PROCEDURE OF DESIGN

capacities. Such movement joints,

however shall be provided right to
the bottom of the foundation,
unlike the expansion joints which
are provided only upto the top of
the foundation. In this regard refer
to S.P.34, (explanatory Hand Book
of I.S.:456-2000 clause 27 and also
refer clause 5.1.1 of I.S.:43261993.
As per this clause the
minimum total gap between these
joints shall be 25 mm.

1A. GUIDELINES FOR

PREPARATION OF R.C.C.
LAYOUTS.
1.1 The preparation of R.C.C. layouts
involves fixing of locations of
columns and beams, denoting slabs
with respect to design live load,
type of slab and numbering these
structural elements.
1.2 There are two types of joints which
need to be considered in the
layouts. They are (a) movements
joints, (b) Expansion joints.

1.5 Separate R.C.C. layouts are to be

prepared for different levels i.e.
plinth, typical or at each floor level
(if the plans are not identical at all
floor levels) terrace floor level,
staircase block roof level and
where applicable lift machine room
floor level, lift machine room roof
level, water tank bottom level.

1.3 If the length of building exceeds 45

m., expansion joints shall be
provided to split it into suitable
parts which are individually less
than 45 m. in length. Building
having wings in different directions
shall be provided with expansion
joints at the connection of the
wings to central core to avoid
torsional effects. Expansion joints
may also be provided when there is
a sudden change in plan
dimensions. For details of the
joints refer to I.S.:3414-1968,
I.S.:4326-1976 and I.S.:3370-1965
(Part-I), I.S.:1893-2000.

1.6 R.C.C. layouts are generally

prepared on tracing paper from the
architectural drawings, by tracing
only the walls, columns and other
structural members. In the layout,
the door and window positions are
not shown.
1B NUMBERING SYSTEM AND
NOTATIONS TO BE
ADOPTED IN LAYOUTS

1.4 In case the building is having

different number of stories for
different parts of the building, thus
having
different
dynamic
characteristics, then such parts
shall be kept separated by a
movement joint to avoid unequal
loading, unequal settlement and
collusion during an earthquake.
Movement joints may also to be
provided if the different parts of
building are located on different
stratas and of different safe bearing

1.1 Columns:
Columns are numbered serially
with integer number suffixed to
letter C i.e. C1, C2, C3 etc. The
columns are numbered from lower
most left corner of the R.C.C.
layout. Numbering shall proceed
from left to right in X direction and
proceeding successively in positive
Y direction.
R.C.C. layout

21

showing column numbering is kept

as page 43.

(iii) For numbering the secondary

beams in X direction the first
part of beam number shall be a
reference column which shall
be the nearest left side column
of the beam. The second part
shall be odd number except 1
i.e. 3, 5 etc. serially in X
direction. e.g.5.3, 5.5 etc.

1.2 Beams :
(i) Beam actually supported over a
column is called main beam.
Beam supported over other
beam is called secondary beam.
(ii) A beam number is composed of
two parts e.g.5.1, 5.2 etc. The
part to the left of decimal point
denotes the left side reference
column number. The part to
the right represents serial
number of the beam.

Similarly secondary beams in

Y direction can be numbered
e.g. 5.4, 5.6 etc. except 2.
(iv)If the beams are at intermediate
level above the floor under
consideration then the beam
number will be suffixed with a
letter like A, B & M. e.g. If 5.1
is main beam at 1st floor level,
5.1 A is a beam in X direction
at 1st floor lintel level, and 5.2
M is a beam in Y direction at
MIDLANDING
LEVEL
between the 1st floor and 2nd
floor levels. A refers to floor
level and B refers to lintel
level
and
M
refers
midlanding level.

Beams in X direction here the

reference column is left
supporting column.
If left
supporting column is absent
then right supporting column is
considered
as
reference
column. For X direction beam
serial number (2nd part) is
always odd e.g. 1, 01, 3, 03 etc.
Beams to the right side of
reference column is numbered
as 5.1 etc. While beams to the
left of reference column is
numbered as 5.01, where the
reference column is C 5.

(v) A R.C.C. layout showing

the beam numbering is kept
at page 43.

Beams in Y direction in this

case reference column is
bottom most column. If the
bottom column is absent then
the upper supporting column
can be considered as the
reference column.
For Y
direction beam serial number
(2nd part) is always even
number e.g.5.2, 5.02, 5.4 etc.
Beams in positive Y direction
of reference column are
numbered as 5.2 while beams
in negative Y direction of the
reference column are numbered
as 5.02, where the reference
column number is. C 5.

1.3 Slabs :
The slab notation is composed of
four parts. The first, second and
third part are written on the left
side of the decimal point and the
4th is written on the right hand side
of the decimal point e.g. 200S1.1,
500S2.2.
(i) The first part denotes the
imposed live load intensity in
Kg./sqm. for which the
particular slab is designed.
This load is decided on the
basis of designated use of the
particular space (the slab) as
shown in the Architects plans
22

and as per provisions of

I.S.875. This practice is useful
and
advantageous
for
maintaining a proper record
especially when different slab
panels are designed for
different live loads.
This
record is also useful to avoid
over loading of the slab in
future change of usage.

The dead load of various

structural material and live loads
adopted for different slabs and
the R.C.C. layouts shall be got
approved from Superintending
Engineer.

(ii) The second part represents the

type of the slab fore e.g.

This is an important stage. It is

skillful job and economy in design
is achieved by locating columns at
proper and/ideal locations.

S denotes general floor slab,

SF denotes staircase flight
slab,
SR denotes room roof level
slab / staircase room roof level
slab,
SM denotes machine room
floor slab
SC denotes cantilever slab
and
ST denotes terrace slab.

(i) Normally the positions of the

columns are shown by Architect in
his plans.
(ii) Columns should generally and
preferably be located at or near
corners and intersection/junction of
walls.
(iii) If the site restrictions make it
obligatory to locate column
footings within the property line
the column may be shifted inside
along a cross wall to accommodate
footings within the property line.
Alternatively trapezoidal footing,
eccentric footing can also be
adopted.

(iii) The third part is either 1 or

2 , 1 denotes the slab is
one way. The 2 denotes the
slab is two way.
(iv) The fourth part is the serial
number of the slab in one
way/two way category. Slabs
having
different
end
conditions shall be treated as
different slabs for this
notation.
(v)

GUIDELINE FOR FIXING THE

POSITION AND ORIENTATION
OF COLUMNS IN THE LAYOUT.

In residential buildings, generally

columns should be located at 3 to 4
m.c/c. to avoid large spans of
beam. This will also control
deflection and cracking.

Slabs shall be grouped on the

basis of panel dimensions,
loading pattern and end
conditions.

(iv) While fixing the orientation of

columns care should be taken that
it does not change architectural
elevation. This can be achieved by
keeping the column orientations
and side restrictions as proposed in
plans by the Architect.

(vi) The notation for one way slab,

two way slab, 23 cm. brick
wall, 15 cm. thick brick wall,
R.C.C. pardi is shown on
sample R.C.C. layout kept at
page 43.

23

(v)

As far as possible, column

projection/s outside the walls
should
be
avoided,
unless
Architects plans show contrary or
same is required as structural
requirement.

(xiii) As far as possible every column

must be connected (tied) in both
directions with beams at each floor
level, so as to avoid slender
columns.
(xiv) As far as possible columns
supported on beam should be
avoided. (Such columns are
commonly called as floating
columns)

(vi) Columns should not obstruct door

and window position/s shown in
the Architects plans.
(vii) As far as possible columns should
be so positioned, that continuous
frames from one end to the other
end of building in both X and Y
directions are available. This will
increase the global stiffness of the
building against horizontal forces.

(xv) When columns along with

connecting beams form a frame,
the columns should be so
orientated that as far as possible the
larger dimension of the columns is
perpendicular to the major axis of
bending.
By this arrangement
column
sections
and
there
reinforcement are utilized to the
best structural advantage.

(viii) When the locations of two

columns are near to each other (for
e.g. the corner of the building and
intersection of the walls) then as
far as possible only one column
should be provided or secondary
beam shall be provided.

3. GUIDELINES FOR
FINALISING THE BEAM
POSITIONS :
(i) Normally beams shall be provided
below all the walls.

(ix) As far as possible columns should

not be closer than 2m. c/c to avoid
stripped/combined/continuous
footings.
Generally the maximum distance
between two columns should not
be more that 8m. c/c.
(x)

(ii) Beams shall be provided for

supporting staircase flights at floor
levels and at mid landing levels.
(iii) Beams should be positioned so to
restrict the slab thickness, to 15
cm, satisfying the deflection
criteria. To achieve this, secondary
beams shall be provided where
necessary.

Column should be normally

provided around staircases and lift
wells.

(xi) Preferably overhead water tank

should rest on the columns as
shown in the Architects plan. The
height of water tank should be upto
2.0 m. Clear height between top of
Terrace and Bottom of water tank
should not be less than 0.90 m.

(iv) Generally we come across with the

situation that there is a gap
between the floor level beam and
beam supporting the chajja. Here
the depth of floor beam shall be so
chosen that it can support chajja
also. However if depth so required
is large (distance between floor
beam bottom and lintel top, greater
than 30 cm) provide separate beam.

(xii) Twin columns of equal size are

desirable at expansion joints from
aesthetic point of view.

24

(v) As far as possible, cantilever beams

should not be projected from
beams, to avoid torsion.

Where Lx is shorter span and

Ly is longer span of the slab.
(ii)

However as per Designs

Circles practice slabs upto 2.5 m.
spans may be designed as one
way slabs.

(iii)

Canopy, Chajja, balcony slabs

are generally provided as
cantilever slabs.

(iv)

W.C. slab is generally made

sloping or sunk by about 50 cm.
OR as indicated in architects
drawing below general floor level
for Indian type water closet.
Slabs for toilet block and Nahani
slab are generally sunk by 20 cm.
OR as indicated in architectures
drawing below general floor
level.

(v)

Staircase waist slab shall be

generally one way slab.

(vi)

Loft slabs over toilets are

generally supported on partition
walls of toilet and W.C. Loft load
should be considered while
designing the beams supporting
these walls.

(vi) Beams of equal depths shall be

provided on both sides of the
expansion joint from aesthetical
point of view.
(vii) To get the required minimum
head room, following alternatives
can be tried.
(a) Reduce the beam depth without
violating deflection criteria and
maximum percentage of steel
criteria for beams.
(b) In case there is a wall, over the
beam without any opening,
inverted beam may be provided in
consultation with Architect.
(viii)Where secondary beams are
proposed to reduce the slab
thickness and to form a grid of
beams, the secondary beams shall
preferably be provided of lesser
depth than the depth of supporting
beams so that main reinforcement
of secondary beams shall always
pass above the reinforcement of
main beams.
(ix)In toilet block provide minimum
number of secondary beams so that
casting of slabs and beams will be
simple.
No secondary beam
condition would be ideal.
(x) Beams which are required to give a
planer look from the underside
shall be provided as Inverted
Beams, e.g. canopies.

5. PRELIMINARY BEAM
DESIGN (P.B.D.)
All secondary beams may be
treated a simply supported beams.
5.1 Begin with fixing the dimensions
of beam. The width of the beam
under a wall is preferably kept
equal to the width of that wall to
avoid offsets i.e. if the wall is of 23
cm. then provide beam width of 23
cm.

4. GUIDELINES FOR FIXING

THE SLAB DIRECTIONS :
(i) Slab shall be designed as one
way slabs if ratio of Ly to Lx is
more than 2 and two way slab,
if the ratio is equal or less than
2.

5.2 Minimum width of main and

secondary beam shall 23 cm.
However secondary beams can be
of 15 cm. in case of beams of toilet
25

(iii) As T beam if it supports

slab on both sides.

block. The width of the beam

should also satisfy architectural
considerations.

5.7 Arrangement of imposed load :

5.3 The span to depth ratio for beam be
adopted as follows :

(a) Consideration may be limited to

combinations of :

For Buildings in seismic zone

between 10 to 12 and for nonseismic zone 12 to 15.

(i) Design dead load on all

spans with full design live
load on two adjacent spans.

In case of Building located in

Seismic Zone III, IV, V width to
depth ratio shall be more than 0.30.
The depth so calculated shall be as
shown in the Architects plan.

(ii) Design dead load on all

spans with full design live
load on alternate spans.
(b) When design live load does not
exceed 75% of the Design Dead
load, the loading arrangement may
be, Design Dead load and Design
live load, on all spans.

5.4 To limit deflection, of a beam (upto

10 m. span) within the permissible
limit, under service load, the
I.S.:456 clause 23.2.1 provides the
following span to depth ratios.
(i)

For cantilever not more

than 7

(ii)

For simply supported

beam not more than 20.

(iii)

5.8 For beams and slabs continuous

over supports, Load combinations
given in 5.7 above may be
assumed.
5.9 STAAD and Struds software is
used for design.

For continuous beam

not more than 26.
6. PRELIMINARY COLUMN
DESIGN AND
DETERMINATION OF SIZE
OF COLUMN SECTION :
(P.C.D.)

These ratios can be further

modified according to Modification
Factor depending upon percentage
steel used in the section as per
I.S.:456 clause 23.2.1 (e).

6.1 The dimensions of a particular

column section, is decided in the
following way :

5.5 The beams shall be designed as

deep beam/slender beam as the
case may be.

(i)

A column shall have

minimum section 23 cm. X
23 cm. if it is not an
obligatory size column.

(ii)

The size of the obligatory

column/s shall be taken as
shown on the architects
plan. For non obligatory
columns as far as possible
the smaller dimension shall

5.6 The beam shall be treated as

(i) A rectangular beam if it
does not support any slab
on either side also if it is an
inverted beam.
(ii) As L beam if it supports
a slab on one side and

26

equal to wall thickness as to

avoid any projection inside
the room.
The longer
dimension should be chosen
such that it is a multiple of
5 cm. and ratio Pu/fck bd is
restricted to, for nonseismic area 0.4 (for corner
columns it may be 0.35)
and for seismic region 0.35
(for corner columns it may
be 0.30).

building at least two floors should

have the same column section.
Preferably least number of column
sizes should be adopted in the
entire building and mix of all the
columns on a particular floor
should be same.
6.4 Effective length of column shall be
calculated as per figure 26 and 27
of I.S.456-2000.
6.5 Columns shall be designed for
direct load and uniaxial or biaxial
bending considering different for
load combinations as given in
I.S.:456:2000.

Where Pu, Fck, B, D have the

following meaning :
Pu is the factored load on the
column. (in Newton)

6.6 Grouping of columns can be done

on the basis of size, orientation and
forces acting on it.

Fck is characteristic compressive

strength
of
concrete.
(Newton/mm2)

6.7 All R.C.C. layouts, tentative sizes

of beam, and column sections
should be got approved from the
Architect before starting analysis
of frames.

b is the breadth of the column

(mm).
d is the depth of the column (mm)
6.2 The above ratios will ultimately
help in keeping the requirements of
steel for column within 0.8 to
2.5% which is economical and will
avoid
congestion
of
steel.
Generally the concrete mix in
R.C.C. work shall be as per Table
No.5 of I.S.:456-2000.
For
moderate exposure condition M20 for R.C.C. and for severe
exposure condition minimum grade
shall be M-30.

7. ANALYSIS OF BUILDING
FRAMES
7.1 In Designs Circle, at present, space
analysis is done by treating the
building as composed of only plane
frames.
A building may be required to be
designed for Non Seismic/Seismic Forces and/wind forces
(whichever
is
governing)
depending on the location, plan
dimensions and height of the
building.

6.3 If the size of a column is obligatory

or if size can not be increased to
desired size due to Architectural
constraints and if the ratio of
Pu/fck bd works out to be more
than the limit specified above it
will be necessary to upgrade the
mix of concrete. For ease of
construction frequent changes in
column size should be avoided. As
far as possible in multistoried

7.2 An another software STRUDS is

available in the Designs Circle.
The same is used for small
buildings.
7.3 The other inhouse programmes
FOOT, EC FOOT, SLAB,
ASP2 are available.
These
27

The magnitude of seismic nodal

horizontal forces are worked out.

Programmes are used for design of

various components such as Isolated
Footing, Combined Footing, Slab
and Columns.

Before starting the analysis of

frames the forces for which the
building is to be designed and the
design parameters and particularly
Importance Factor (I) and for
Seismic Design to be adopted
approved
from
Superintending
Engineer.

7.4 For buildings located in all Seismic

Zone, seismic analysis is required to
be carried out and ductile detailing is
not done for Zone I & II.

28

CHAPTER-IV
STRUCTURAL MODEL AND SEISMIC ANALYSIS

Regular and irregular buildings

other than above all seismic
zones can be designed for
seismic forces by static method
of analysis.

1 SEISMIC ANALYSIS
1.1 For Calculating seismic forces refer
provisions of I.S.:1893-2002 (PART
I)
1.2 It should be noted that provisions of
I.S.:1893-2002
(Part
I)
are
applicable to buildings, elevated
structures, industrial and stack like
structures,
bridges,
concrete
masonry
and
earth
dams,
embankments and retaining walls
and other structures.

At present, most of the buildings

we come across, use of static
approach is adequate.
However,
for
important
buildings where it is felt
necessary to carry out Dynamic
Analysis, the Superintending
Engineer may advice to carry out
the Response Spectrum Method
or Modal analysis.

Temporary elements such as

scaffolding, temporary excavations
need not be designed for earthquake
forces.

For all buildings checking for

drift and torsion is necessary.
This can be done by necessary
commands in STAAD Pro
Model Analysis.

1.3 Dynamic analysis shall be performed

to obtain the design seismic forces
and its distribution to different levels
along the height of the building, for
the following buildings :

1.2.

STATIC APPROACH
SEISMIC ANALYSIS

FOR

1.2.1

In this approach the structure is

treated as a discrete system,
having concentrated masses at
the different floor levels which
compose of mass that of columns
and walls of half the floor above
and half of the floor below.

1.2.2

Using details from STAAD Pro

Model analysis the base shear
can be worked out as follows :

a) Regular buildings :
Buildings greater than 40 m.
in height in Zone IV & V and
those greater than 90 m. in
height in Zone II and III.
b) Irregular buildings : (As
defined in Clause 7.1 of
I.S.1893:2002 (Part I)
All framed buildings for
height more than 12 m. in
Zones IV & V, and those
greater than 40 m. in height
in Zone II & III.

(i) Find seismic weight (w) of

the building; by taking sum
of all reactions at footings
level by considering full
Dead load and Appropriate
% of Imposed load as per
Clause 7.3.1, Table 8 of
I.S.:1893-2002 (Part I).

29

Seismic Weight (W)

Ta = 0.09h where,
d
h = Height of building in m.
(Clause 7.6.1)

Full Dead Load of building +

Appropriate % Live load on
all floors except terrace.
(Clause 7.4.2) I.S.:1893-2002
(Part I) )
(ii)

d = Base dimension of the building

at plinth level in m. along the
considered direction of the
lateral force.

For
calculating
the
earthquake forces on terrace
(roofs) the live load may not
be considered. (Clause 7.3.2)

(iv) Calculate base shear (Vb),

using formula given in
I.S.:1893 Clause 7.5.3.

(iii) Find the design horizontal

seismic co-efficient (Ah)
(Clause 6.4.2)

(Vb) = Ah x W

Ah = Z. I x Sa
2R
g

(v) Distribute the base shear

between all floors of building
as per Clause 7.7.1 of
I.S.:1893.
These are floor
lateral shear forces for space
frame analysis.

Where,
Z = Zone factor
[ as per Table 2 of
I.S.1893-2002 (Part-I) ]

For this,
a) Find seismic weight of
each floor.

I = Importance factor
[ as per Table 6 of
I.S.1893-2002 (Part-I) ]

b) Find lump weight of each

floor (wi) (Clause 7.4.1)

R = Response reduction
factor [ as per Table 7 of
I.S.1893-2002 (Part-I) ]

c) Distribute the base shear

VB along the height of the
building to different floor
levels as per the following
expression :

Sa/g = Average Response

acceleration co-efficient for
rock or soil sites as given by
Fig.2 or Table 3 of I.S.:18932002 (Part I) and based on
appropriate
fundamental
natural periods (Ta)

Qi = VB Wihi2
n
Wjhj2
j=1
Where,

For buildings without brick

infill panel

Qi = Design lateral force at

Floor i
Wi = Seismic weight of floor i

Ta = 0.075 h0.75 .. For R.C.Frame

building.

hi = height of floor i measured

from base.

Ta = 0.085 h0.75 .. For Steel Frame

building.
For building with brick infill
panel-

n = Number of storeys in the

building is the number of
levels at which the
masses are located.

30

horizontal fore say 5 KN or

any Value in X & Z direction
at each joint. (F
element)
and run the STAAD Pro
Programme
for
load
combination cases using
partial load factor 1.

1.2.3 Seismic Analysis is carried out

based
on
the
following
assumptions
(i)

(ii)

The Seismic Force acts, at a

time along one direction
only, i.e. when seismic force
alongwith Dead and live load
act on a space frame along X
direction, then on Z direction
only Dead and live load
forces are acting and vise
versa. Also, earthquake is not
likely
to
occur
simultaneously with wind or
maximum flood or maximum
sea weaves.

Generally the deflection in a

frame at terrace level, is
maximum.
As stated earlier the total base
shear is shared in all X Z space
frame joints of the building in
inverse proportion of their
deflections.
The inverse of
deflection for each space frame
joint is calculated. Then using
these values, ratio of (inverse of
deflection of a particular frame
joint (X/Z) Direction/sum of
inverses of deflections of all
(X/Z) Direction joint is worked
out for each and every space
frame joint.
This value
multiplied by the lateral force at
that floor in a particular direction
gives the Horizontal force to be
applied at that joint in a
particular direction.

The nature of seismic force

action is reversible in
direction (i.e. + and forces
can act on the space frame)

(iii) Horizontal deflection of all

joints of a frame, at particular
floor level is same.
(iv) The individual space frame
joint, shares the storey shear
in proportion to its stiffness.
(v) The inverse of deflection of a
joint is treated as a measure
of its stiffness.
1.2.4

1.2.5

1.2.6

A judicious choice of beam

sections (as explained in para 5)
and
column
sections
(as
explained in para 6) will ensure
deflection of the frames within
permissible limits.

After applying all horizontal

seismic forces at all frame joints
in X & Z direction, analysis is
carried out for all required load
combination cases and detailed
space frame analysis results can
be obtained.
All above calculations can be
done
by
STAAD.
Pro
Programme output, using excel
sheets.

As per Clause 7.7.2, of I.S.

1893(Part-I):2002 to distribute
horizontal lateral force to
different lateral force resisting
elements (joints), following
procedure is done:

For latest STAAD. Pro analysis

programme, it is not necessary to
calculate and apply seismic forces
manually, but only by providing
seismic
parameters,
STAAD
Programme itself calculate and

1) Find joint displacements of

each joint by applying a unit

31

apply seismic forces both for static

and dynamic analysis.

per Clause 5 & 6 of I.S.875:1987

(Part III)

However, the designer should be

alert to check the correctness of
the
seismic
analysis
done
automatically by computer by
verifying the result parameters like
base shear, fundamental time
period, Sa/g, seismic wt of
building and deflections.

1.3.3

Design wind speed is to be

calculated . Clause 5.3 of
I.S.875:1987 (Part III)
Vz = Vb K1 K2 K3
Where,
Vz = Design wind speed at any
height Z in m/sec.

1.3. WIND ANALYSIS:

Vb Basic wind speed .. Fig.1 or
Appendix
A
of
I.S.875:1987 (Part III) map
of wind speed to be
attached.

1.3.1 As per I.S.875:1987 (Part-V) &

I.S.1893:2002 (Part-I), it is
always an assumption that
earthquake is not likely to occur
simultaneously with wind or
maximum flood or maximum sea
weaves.

K1 Probability factor .. C1
No.5.3.1 of I.S.875:1987
(Part III)

While designing, in the load

combinations, dead load and
imposed loads should be
combined with either earthquake
load or wind load.

K2 Terrain, Height & Structure

size factor .. C1 No.5.3.2 of
I.S.875:1987 (Part III)
K3 Topography
factor
Cl.No.5.3.3
of
I.S.875:1987 (Part III).

There are various types of

structures or their components
such as some tall buildings,
chimneys, towers, long span
bridges etc. which require
investigation of wind induced
oscillations.

1.3.4

A large majority of structures

met with in practice do not
however, suffer wind induced
oscillations, and do not require to
be examined for dynamic effects
of wind. These structures are to
be analysed by static method.
1.3.2

After calculating design wind

speed (Vz), design wind pressure
is to be calculated as per
Cl.No.5.4 of I.S.875:1987 (Part
III).
Pz = 0.6 Vz2
Where,
Pz design wind pressure in
N/Sq.M. at height Z.
Vz design wind velocity in
m/s at height z.

Static method of wind load

estimation which implied a
steady wind speed, has proved to
be satisfactory for normal, short
and heavy structures.

1.3.5

Analysis for wind forces by

static approach is to be done as

32

The wind load on a building

shall be calculated for

a) Building as a whole .. C1
No.6.3 of I.S. : 875:1987
(Part III)

direction only Dead and live

load forces are acting and
vice versa.

F = Cf A e Pd

(ii) Horizontal deflection of all

joints of frame at particular
floor level, is same.

Where,
F = Force acting in a direction
specified in respective tables
given in I.S.: 875 (Part-3)1987

(iii) The individual frames share

the storey horizontal force in
proportion to its stiffness.
1.3.7 Para 7.1 of the IS 875 (Part3):1987 stipulates that flexible
slender structure and structural
elements shall be investigated to
ascertain the importance of wind
induced oscillations or excitations
along and across the direction of
wind.

Cf Force co-efficient for the

building
..
Table
23
I.S.875:1987 (Part III)
Ae Effective frontal area of the
building
Pd Design wind pressure
b) Individual structure elements
as roofs and walls or
cladding units as per clause
No.6.2.1 of I.S.875: 1987
(Part III).

In general the following guide lines

may be used for examining the
problem
of
wind
induced
oscillations.
a) Building and closed structures
with height to minimum lateral
dimension ratio more than 5 and

F = (Cpe Cpi) A Pd
Where,

b) Buildings and closed structures

whose natural frequency in the first
mode is less than 1 Hz.

Cpe External pressure

coefficient
Cpi Internal pressure coefficient

Any structure or building which

does not satisfy either of the above
two criteria shall be examined for
dynamic effects of wind. For the
modal analysis (on similar lines of
modal seismic analysis) will be
carried out. If the wind induced
oscillations are significant, analytical
methods like use of wind tunnel
modeling will have to be carried out.

A Surface area of structure

element or cladding unit
Pd design wind pressure
1.3.6

After calculating the wind force,

static wind analysis is done on
following assumptions similar
for earthquake analysis:

2 PREPARATION OF STAAD. PRO

MODEL OF BUIDLING.

(i) The wind force act at a time

only along one direction i.e.
when dead load, live load
and wind forces are assumed
to act on a frame along X
direction then, along Z

2.1

33

After study of Architectural

drawings and field data and with the
help of R.C.C. layouts, STAAD. Pro
Building Model can be prepared.

The computer programme has two

methods of input data for preparing
STAAD Pro Model.

7) Member release Command ;

Simply supported ends of beams are
released for moments by this
command.

a) Graphical Environment
b) By analytical input of data.

8) Members Offset Command :

Designer may use either of the above
methods or combination of both to
prepare space frame building model.
Following steps are followed :

By this command position of beam

always from column center is fixed.

a) Analytical input of data :

By above Commands Building

Geometry Model is prepared on
STAAD Pro.

1) Write joint co-ordinates of each

joint by command Joint Coordinates create nodes.

2.2 LOADING :
STAAD. Pro Building Geometry so
prepared is loaded by applying
selfweight, wall loads, slab, lift
loads, water tank loads etc. and
Imposed loads, wind, seismic loads
by creating different load cases.
(Load 1, Load 2, Load 3 etc.)

2) These nodes are joined to each

other to form a column, beam
skeleton by command Member
incidences.
The space frame Geometry is so
formed.

2.3 Load combination cases are

prepared by use of above primary
load cases by command Load
Combination.

3) Then column/beam sizes like

width, depth are given by the
computer programme command
Members property Indian.

2.4 Next
command
is
Perform
analysis and Load List, last
command is FINISH.

4) Material Information is given by

command Define Material.
The information like E (Modulus
of elasticity of concrete), Poisson
ratio, density, Alpha value,
Damping value for R.C.C. are
given.

ANALYSIS BY STAAD PRO

3.1 Programme : Checking of Input

data:

5) Constant Command :
After preparation of STAAD Pro
building Model, its input data shall
be checked thoroughly by various
commands available in STAAD Pro
Software for its correctness.

This command is used for fixing

column orientations by Beta
angle.
6) Support Command :
3.2
Supports (Fixed/Pinned)
given by this command.

are

RUNNING OF STAAD.Pro
ANALYSIS PROGRAMME :
By giving command Perform
Analysis programme runs. And it

34

(A) The checking of input data is

already discussed.

gives results for the various Load

Combination Cases provided to it.

(B) Checking of displacements

3.2.1 Programme STAAD.Pro to give

results
for
various
load
combinations with the appropriate
load factors as per I.S.:456-2000
and I.S.1893:2002 (when so
specified in input data) namely :
(1) 1.5 [Dead load + Live load]
(2) 1.2 [Dead load + Live load +
Seismic load] for Seismic
analysis.

(4) 1.2 [dead load + Live load +

Wind load] for wind analysis.

(6) 0.9
Dead
load
+
1.5
Seismic/Wind load for stability
of the structure.

At hinged end of a frame

horizontal
and
vertical
displacement must be zero.

(v)

The designer has to decide which

of these load combinations are
required and accordingly give
the details of horizontal loads.

While checking of forces, at

every joint following 3
equilibrium equations must
be satisfied.
(a) Sum of all vertical forces
must be zero.
(b) Sum of all horizontal
forces must be zero.

Programme output gives values

of axial force, moment and
deflections for each member and
R.C.C. Design of beams (i.e.
area of reinforcement, details of
shear reinforcement, columns,
slabs, footings, shear walls etc.)
OUTPUT RESULTS
COMPUTER

(ii)

(iv) Displacement of all joints on

a particular floor should be
equal.

(5) 1.5 [Dead load + Wind load] for

wind analysis.

3.2.3

Displacement of joint are

printed in meters. For fixed
end of a frame the value of
displacement must be zero.

(iii) The maximum horizontal

displacement
due
to
earthquake forces between
successive floors shall not
exceed 0.004 times the
difference in levels between
these floors.

(3) 1.5 [Dead load + Seismic load]

for Seismic analysis.

3.2.2

(i)

(a) Sum of all moments at

the joint must be zero.
Designer should personally check
these points and check some joints
for his own satisfaction.

FROM
4.

The results obtained by

running Programme STAAD.
Pro should be thoroughly
checked before accepting the
same in the final design.

DESIGN OF VARIOUS R.C.C.

ELEMENTS OF BUILDING
After the analysis is over, the
designer will undertake the
detailed
design
of
various
members of the building in the
following
order
of
actual

35

construction, to be in tune with

construction programme decided
by the Field Engineers.
(i)

Design of piles and pile

caps/open
footings
(depending on the site and
foundation conditions)

(ii)

Design of columns.

required to sustain the load on pile.

The diameter of pile and pattern of
pile cap for twin or triple pile
group shall be so chosen that the
adjoining pile caps do not get
overlapped and there is at least
minimum distance between the
two adjacent pile caps as stipulated
in the code I.S.2911.
The mix of concrete considered for
design shall be always one grade
below than stipulated for casting.

(iii) Design of beams. (Plinth

Level to Terrace Level)
(iv) Design of slabs. (Plinth
Level to Terrace Level)

4.2

DESIGN OF OPEN FOOTINGS

4.2.1 ISOLATED FOOTINGS :

(v)
4.1

Design of water tank/s.

(i) Write down the reactions at
various footing points for
different Load combination.

DESIGN OF PILE AND PILE

CAP
Piles are required to be provided
where the strata of adequate
bearing capacity is not available at
reasonable depth, and
site
conditions dictate that open
foundation is not feasible and
economical. This is generally the
case in black cotton soils and
reclaimed areas.

(ii) The working load for each load

combination is then worked
out by dividing each load by
the appropriate load factor of
the
particular
load
combination.
(iii)The maximum value of all
these working loads is taken as
design working load on
footing.

For very low bearing capacity

strata, and where pile foundation is
not economical, we may adopt raft
foundation. For codal provisions
refer I.S.:2911.

(iv) The isolated footings are

designed manually by using
the design process as explained
in HANDBOOK FOR R.C.
MEMEBRS (Vol.II pages 359
to 380) OR any standard text
book for R.C.C. Design.

It is a good design practice to

provide minimum two piles or 3
piles in triangular pattern and
generally not more than 4 piles (in
square pattern) be provided under
a column.

(v) Normally trapezoidal footing is

provided except where the site
conditions demand otherwise.

For piles, where the subsoil water

is polluted and presence of sulfides
and/chlorides is more than the safe
limits, sacrificial cover shall have
to be provided. However, the
same shall be neglected while
working out the area of concrete

(vi) Designer shall check that with

the designed dimensions, the
isolated footings are not
getting overlapped. If they are
getting overlapped, suitable

36

combined footings shall be

designed.

moments across appropriate axes

from the output of relevant X
direction and Z direction frame
analysis, for the design section under
consideration in STAAD Pro
software analysis.

4.2.2 COMBINED FOOTINGS :

These are provided
(1) At the expansion
locations and

The column design by Limit State

Method for reinforced concrete
structures shall be as per following
load combinations :
(I.S.1893 Part I :2002, CL.6.3.1.2)

joint

(2) When it is noticed that the

isolated footings, are getting
over lapped or encroaching on
adjoining property.
The
working load for combined
footing shall be sum of
working loads of columns
constituting the combined
footing. For manual analysis
and design of combined
footing, refer any standard text
book.

1)
2)
3)
4)

Similar combinations will be

applicable in case of wind analysis
i.e. replacing seismic forces by wind
forces.
The columns shall be designed as
uniaxial or biaxial depending upon
whether the moments are acting
across one or both axes of column
and their relative magnitudes.

4.3 SPECIAL TYPES OF

FOOTINGS :
For design of pedestal or any
other special type of footing like
strip footing etc., refer standard
text books.
4.4..DESIGN CHECKS FOR
TYPES OF FOOTINGS :

1.5 (DL + IL)

1.2 (DL + IL + EL)
1.5 (DL + EL)
0.9 DL + 1.5 EL

Effective length of column member

shall be worked out considering end
conditions and used in the
calculations.
(I.S.456:2000, Table 28, Cl.E-3)

ALL

The design shall be checked for

following :

4.5 DESIGN OF COLUMN

SECTION :

The design of column given by

STAAD-Pro programme may be
verified for its adequacy OR
otherwise the column design is done
manually as per HANDBOOK
FOR DESIGN R.C. MEMBERS
(Limit State Method) Vol.II as
explained in pages
to
for
uniaxial columns and for biaxial
columns pages 322 to 337 and for
circular columns pages
342.
Computer programme ASP2 is
also available.

4.5.1 A column is subjected to direct

load and moments across its axes.
Find out design loads and design

The design section and the

reinforcement shall satisfy all the
combinations stated above.

(1)

Check for single shear,

double shear.

(2)

Check
for
negative
moment (if active)
Check
for
bearing
pressure on top of
footing.

(3)

37

While deciding the pattern it should

born in mind that when the C.G. of
the steel provided is away from the
N.A., it gives higher moment of
resistance to the section.

4.5.2 APPROACH FOR ECONOMIC

DESIGN OF COLUMN :
In the design of a column, two
factors are to be keenly watched
namely pu/fckbd and interaction
factor.

4.5.6 If the first approximation of steel

reinforcement proves inadequate, try
to increase the diameter and/number
of bars. It shall be ensured that in
the pattern selected, the bigger
diameter bars are always placed near
the corner/faces away from axis of
bending. Each successive trial shall
be taken by gradually changing
reinforcement, and the final trial
should provide just adequate steel
reinforcement. The reinforcement
pattern should fulfill the minimum
spacing criteria. The reinforcement
bars are required to be laterally tied
by providing links of proper shape.
4.5.7 While choosing the reinforcement
pattern, provide adequate number of
bars so that it satisfies spacing
criteria as per I.S.456, Cl.26.5.3.1
and Cl.26.5.3.2.

The pu/fckbd factor is a measure of

compressive force in column and by
keeping the value of this factor is
equal to or less than 0.4, it is seen
that the concrete section provided is
utilised to the maximum extent.
The interaction factor is a measure
of degree of utilisation of steel
reinforcement provided in the
column section. The value of this
factor (calculated as per clause 39.6
of I.S.456) as close to 1.00 ensures
that the external loads and moments
are resisted optimally by the
proposed concrete section alongwith
the (proposed) steel reinforcement
pattern.

4.5.8 A sketch giving the suitable link

arrangements
for
column
reinforcement which will create least
congestion and aid easy flow of
concrete in the steel cage is kept at
page number 59 for guidance.

4.5.3 Always begin by designing the

top most section of a column and
then proceeding successively to the
lower section.
4.5.4 Begin the design by choosing
one bar at each corner i.e. 4 bar
pattern (giving total area of
reinforcement required on the basis
of minimum steel criteria) and if this
first approximation is not safe then
modify the diameter of bars and/or
reinforcement pattern till you get the
interaction Ratio as close to 1.0.

4.5.9
The number of reinforcement
bars shall be so chosen that for
uniaxial column, equal area of steel
on opposite faces is provided and for
biaxial column, equal area area of
steel on opposite faces is provided.
4.5.10 For requirements of ductility
detailing refer para 6.6 . (Page 35)

As far as possible for the next lower

story column section, continue the
same
bar
diameters
and
reinforcement pattern.

4.6 DESIGN OF BEAMS :

4.5.5 CHOOSING PROPER

REINFORCEMENT PATTERN

(i)

38

The computer output of

STAAD.Pro gives the area of
required steel at supports, at
quarter span (from each end)

and at centre of span. The

Designer has only to choose
the diameter and numbers of
top and bottom bars such that
actual steel area is just more
than the design value and
there is no congestion of
steel.

(c)

(iv) As per Designs Circles practice

bars at the bottom of beam are
taken straight without bending.
(v) When there are collinear beams
over a support the extra steel
over the support (at top
and/bottom as the case may be)
shall be maximum required for
the either of the two.

Non congestion can be

ensured
by
keeping
horizontal distance between
the bars as the greatest of the
following :

For collinear beams the extra

steel over support shall be
continued in the adjoining span
for a length equal to anchorage
length or 25 % of the adjoining
span whichever is more.

(a) The diameter of bar (in

mm) if the diameters are
Equal.
(b) The maximum diameter
(in mm) of bar if the
diameters are Unequal.

For non collinear beams the

extra steel over support shall be
anchored in supporting column
for full anchorage length.

(c) 5 mm. more than the

nominal maximum size
of coarse aggregate.

(vi) The
stirrups
of
shear
reinforcement shall be provided
with appropriate diameter of
H.Y.S.D. bars so that there is no
congestion of reinforcement in
beam and it shall be seen that the
ductility
criteria
where
applicable is also fulfilled.

For ensuring better compaction of

concrete with needle vibrator, it is
desirable that this minimum clear
distance be 50 mm.
(ii)

The anchor bars (at top and

bottom) shall be minimum 2
Nos.

4.6.1 For requirements of ductility

detailing refer para 6.6 (page 35)

(iii) Where it is not possible to

accommodate all the bars in
one layer, provide them in
layers. The vertical distance
between these layers shall
not be less than the greatest
of following :
(a)

15 mm.

(b)

2/3 of the nominal maximum

size (in mm) of coarse
aggregate.

Nominal size of bars (in

mm.)

4.7 DESIGN OF SLABS :

(i) The slabs may be one way or
two way depending on the panel
dimensions. The design moment
coefficients of a particular slab
shall be taken in accordance with
its boundary conditions.
(ii) Design of slabs is done manually
by referring to Hand Book for
R.C.C. Members (Limit State
Method) Vol. I or any standard
text book.

39

(iii) As per Designs Circles practice

minimum diameter of bars for
slabs shall be 8 mm.

the checks as per code are

included.
5.3

SLAB :
This Programme
designs one way and two way
slabs as per Limit State
Method design. The basic data
is concrete mix, span/s, clear
cover to reinforcement bars, slab
loading and end conditions.

5.4

ASP2 : The basic input required

to run this programme are
section dimensions, unsupported
length and effective length in
both X and Y direction,
reinforcement
pattern
and
different load combinations.

(iv) In case of future vertical

expansion, the R.C.C. layout of
the top floor shall be as per
Architects plan. However, the
slab reinforcement shall be
maximum of that required for
future floor or present terrace.
4.7.1

DESIGN OF OVER HEAD

WATER TANK/S
The design of water tank is
carried out as per procedure
given in
the
Reinforced
Concrete
Designers
Hand
Book by Reynolds, and
conforming to I.S.:3370.

5.

The main limitation of this

programme is that it is workable
only with rectangular and square
column section.

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

USING INHOUSE
DEVELOPED SOFTWARE

This Programme designs for given

column section, reinforcement
pattern and, load combination and
checks the adequacy of section.
For this programme the X axis is
always assumed to be along the
smaller dimension of column. The
programme output gives the results
for the chosen column section and
reinforcement pattern the values
of [Pu/(fck x b x d)] and
Interaction Factor Values for each
load combination case under
consideration.

With the availability of high

speed and large memory capacity
desk top computers in Designs
Circle, much of the analysis is
now carried out on these
computers.
Following is the list of computer
programmes available in Designs
Circle with Users Manual :
5.1

5.2

FOOT : This programme

designs isolated footing as per
limit state method of design.
Column size, concrete mix, safe
bearing capacity of the founding
strata and working load on the
column are the basic inputs. All
the checks as per code are
included in the programme.
EC FOOT : This Programme
designs combined footing along
the expansion joint. Column
details
alongwith
their
orientation
expansion
joint
details etc. are basic inputs. All

40

6.

EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
DESIGN GUIDE LINES AS
PER I.S.:4326

6.1

The Seismic Design Philosophy is

to accept damage to a building
during a earthquake. Hence the
I.S.:1893 code specifies design
seismic force for a building, only a
fraction of the seismic force that it
will experience if it were to remain
Linear elastic during severe
ground motions.
Thus the

structure in severe seismic zones

should be necessarily ductile.
6.2

sections shall not preferably

exceed three times the width.

Meaning there by that the

members of reinforced concrete
shall be under reinforced so as to
cause a tension failure. Also it
should be so designed that the
premature failure due to shear or
bond may not occur subject to the
provisions
of
I.S.:456-1978.
Ductile failure will enable
structure to absorb energy during
earthquake to avoid sudden
collapse of structure.

6.3

4.4.3

Buildings having plans with

shapes like, L, T, E and Y shall
preferably be separated into
rectangular parts by providing
separation sections at appropriate
places.

Note 1.
The buildings with small lengths
of projections forming L, T, E or
Y shapes need not be provided
with separation section. In such
cases the length of the projection
may not exceed 15 to 20 percent
of the total dimension of the
building in the direction of the
projection.

I.S.:4326-1993
deals
with
earthquake resistant design and
construction of design.
Some
important clauses are as under :
Clause 4.4 Building Configuration
Note 2.

4.4.0

4.4.1

4.4.2

In order to minimize torsion and

stress concentration, provisions
given in 4.4.1 to 4.4.3 should be
complied with as relevant.

For buildings with minor asymmetry

in plan and elevation, separation
sections may be omitted.

The building should have a

simple rectangular plan and be
symmetrical both with respect to
mass and rigidity so that the
centers of mass and rigidity of
the building coincide with each
other in which case no separation
sections other than expansion
joints are necessary.
For
provision of expansion joints
reference may be made to
I.S.:3414-1968.

Clause 4.5 Strength in Various

Directions

If symmetry of the structure is

not possible in plan, elevation or
mass, provision shall be made
for torsional and other effects
due to earthquake forces in the
structural design or the parts of
different rigidities may be
separated
through
crumple
sections. The length of such
building between separation

The structure shall not be founded

on such loose soils which will
subside or liquefy during an
earthquake, resulting in large
differential settlements.

The structure shall be designed to

have adequate strength against
earthquake effects along both the
horizontal axes. The design shall
also be safe considering the
reversible nature of earthquake
forces.
Clause 4.6 Foundations

Clause 4.7 Ductility

The main structural elements and
their connection shall be designed
not to have a ductile failure. This

41

will enable the structure to absorb

energy during earthquakes to avoid
sudden collapse of the structure.
Providing reinforcing steel in
masonry at critical sections, as
provided in this standard will not
only increase strength and stability
but also ductility. The important
sketches from I.S.:13920 are kept at
page No.54, 55 and 57 to 62.

The I.S.:13920 has taken note of

latest developments, experiences
gained from the performance of
structures which were designed and
detailed as per I.S.4326, during the
recent earthquakes. It covers
provisions for earthquake resistant
design and detailing of reinforced
concrete structures in particular. (As
such it includes provisions of
I.S.:4326 also). Now all ductility
detailing shall comply I.S.:13920.

Clause 5 Special Construction

Features

Some important clauses of this code are

as follows :

Clause 5.1 Separation of

Adjoining Structures.

Clause 1.1.1
Separation of adjoining structures or
parts of the same structure is
required for structures having
different total heights or storey
heights and different dynamic
characteristics. This is to avoid
collision during an earthquake.
Minimum total gap shall be 25 mm.

Provisions of this code shall be adopted

in all monolithic reinforced concrete
structures located in Seismic Zone
III, IV & V.
Clause 5.2
For all buildings which are more
than 3 storeys in height the
minimum grade of concrete shall be
M 20.

Clause 5.2 Separation or Crumple

Section.
5.21 In case of framed construction,
members shall be duplicated on
either side of the separation or
crumple section. As an alternative,
in certain cases, such duplication
may not be provided, it the portions
on either side can act as cantilevers
to take the weight of the building
and other relevant loads.

Clause 5.3
Steel reinforcement of grade Fe 415
or less only shall be used.
Clause 6 : For flexural members

7 DUCTILE DETAILING AS PER

13920:1993.
I.S.:4326, The Code of Practice for
earthquake resistant design and
construction of Building, while
commenting on certain special
features for the design and
construction of earthquake resistant
buildings, included some details for
achieving ductility in reinforced
concrete buildings.

6.1.1

The factored axial stress on the

member
under
earthquake
loading shall not exceed 0.1 fck.

6.1.2

The member shall have a width

to depth ratio of more than 0.3.

6.1.3

Width of flexural member not

less than 200 mm.

6.1.4

Depth of member not more than

0.25 of the clear span.

Clause 6.2 : Longitudinal

Reinforcement :

42

6.2.1

6.2.2

(a) At least two bars at top and

two bars at bottom shall be
provided through out the
member length.

(a) within a joint

(b) The tension steel ratio on

any face at any section shall not
be less than (min) 0.24
[(square root of fck)/fy]

(c) within a quarter length of

member
where
flexural
yielding may generally occur
under
the
effect
of
earthquake forces.

The maximum steel ratio on any

face at any section shall not
exceed (max)=0.025.

6.2.3

The positive steel at a joint face

must be at least equal to half the
negative steel at that face.

6.2.4

The steel provided at each of the

top and bottom face of the
member at any section along its
length shall be at least equal to
one fourth of the maximum
negative moment steel provided
at the face of either joint.

6.2.5

(b) within a distance of 2d from

joint face and

Not more than 50 percent of

bars shall be spliced at one
section.
6.3.5

(a) d/4
and
(b) 8 x dia meter of smallest
bar
But not less than 100 mm.
The first hoop shall be at a
distance not exceeding 50
mm. from the joint face.
Vertical hoops at the same
spacing as above shall also
be provided over a length
equal to 2d on either side of a
section
where
flexural
yielding may occur under the
effect of seismic forces.

In an external joint both the top

and bottom bars of the beam
shall be provided with anchorage
length beyond the inner face of
column equal to development
length in tension plus 10 times
the bar diameter minus the
allowance for 90 degree bend(s).
In an internal joint, both face
bars of the beam shall be taken
continuously
through
the
column.

6.2.6

The spacing of hoops over a

length of 2d at either end of a
beam shall not exceed.

Elsewhere the beam shall

have vertical hoops at a
spacing not exceeding d/2.

The longitudinal bars shall be

spliced, only if hoops are
provided over the entire splice
length at a spacing not exceeding
150 mm.

Clause 7: Columns subjected to bending

and axial load.
7.1.1

These requirements apply to

columns which have factored
axial force in excess of (0.1 fck)
under the effect of earthquake
forces.

7.1.2

The minimum dimension of

column shall be 200 mm.

The lap length shall not be less

than the development length in
tension.
Lap splices shall not provided

43

7.1.3

However where in frames where

beams have c/c span exceeding 5
m,
or
column
having
unsupported length exceeds 4 m.
the shortest dimension shall not
be less than 300 mm.
The ratio of shortest dimension
to the perpendicular dimension
shall be preferably NOT less
than 0.4.

overlapping
provided.

7.2.2

may

be

Clause 7.4 : Special Confining

Reinforcement
7.4.1

Clause 7.2 : Longitudinal

Reinforcement
7.2.1

hoops

This shall be provided over a

length of (lo) from each joint
face towards mid span on either
side of any section lo shall not be
less than
(a) larger lateral dimension of
the member

Lap splices shall be provided

only in the central half of the
member length. It should be
proportioned as a tension splice.
Hoops hall be provided over the
entire splice length at spacing
not exceeding 150 mm. center to
center.

(b)

1/6 of clear span of

member and

the

(c) 450 mm.

7.4.2

Not more than 50 percent of bars

shall be spliced at one section.
Any area of a column that
extends more than 100 mm.
beyond the confined core due to
Architectural requirements shall
be detailed in the matter.

7.4.6

In case the contribution of the

area to strength has been
considered then it will have the
minimum
longitudinal
and
transverse reinforcement as per
this code.

7.4.7

When a column terminates into a

footing or mat special confining
reinforcement shall extend at
least 300 mm into the footing or
mat.
The spacing of hoops used as a
special confining reinforcement
shall not exceed 1/4 of minimum
member dimension but need not
be less than 75 mm nor more
than 100 mm.
The minimum area of cross
section of bar forming circular
hoop or spiral to be used as
special confining reinforcement
shall not be less than

Ash = 0.09 S Dk fck [(Ag /Ak -1.0 ]

fy
Where

However if this area has been

treated as non structural the
minimum reinforcement shall be
governed by I.S.456 provisions.

Ash = area of the bar cross section

Clause 7.3 : Transverse
Reinforcement
7.3.2

The spacing of rectangular hoops

shall not be more than 300 mm
c/c. If the length of any side of
stirrup, exceeds 300 mm a cross
tie shall be provided or a pair of

= Pitch of spiral or spacing of

hoops

Dk = diameter of core measured to the

outside of spiral or hoop
fck = characteristic compressive strength
of concrete cube.

44

fy = yield stress of (spiral/hoop) steel

Ag = gross area of column cross section
Ak = area of concrete core should not
exceed 300 mm (see figure 7)
7.4.8

The area of cross section Ash of

the bar forming rectangular hoop
to be used as special confining
reinforcement shall not be less
than

Ash = 0.18 Sh.fck [(Ag / Ak -1.0 ]

fy
Where
h

= longer dimension of rectangular

hoop.

Ak = Area of concrete core in the

rectangular hoop measured to its
outside dimensions.
Clause 8 : Joints of frames :
8.1

The
special
confining
reinforcement as required at the
end of column shall be provided
through the joint as well, unless
the joint is confined as specified
by 8.2.

8.2

A joint which has beams framing

into all vertical faces of it and
where each beam width is at
least 3/4 of the column width,
may be provided with half the
special confining reinforcement
required at the end of column.
The spacing of hoops shall not
exceed 150 mm.
Important
sketches
from
I.S.:13920 are kept at page 53
onwards.

45

CHAPTER-V
DETAILING

1.

7. For notation of slabs, beams

and columns and column
orientation refer to R.C.C.
layouts of respective floors.

NOTES TO APPEAR ON
VARIOUS SCHEDULES
[A] GENERAL (Applicable for
all schedules) :

8. For all R.C.C. elements

minimum cover shall be
provided
depending
on
condition of exposure described
in 8.2.3 shall be as per Table 16
of I.S.456:2000 (Clause 26.4.2)
and nominal cover to meet
specified period of fire
resistance shall be as per Table
16A of I.S.456: 2000, Clause
No.26.4.3.

1. For general instructions and

detailing of reinforcement,
refer to SP-34 of bureau of
Indian Standards I.S.13920 and
sketches in this chapter.
2. Unless otherwise specified in
the respective schedules, the
minimum concrete mix shall be
M 20 (characteristic strength 20
N/sq.mm.) and grade of
concrete
depending
on
exposure condition as per
Clause No.8.2.2 and Table
No.5 of I.S.456:2000.

[B] R.C.C. LAYOUTS :

1. This R.C.C. layout is based on
the Architects Drawing No.
Job No.
, Dated. .. .

3. Reinforcement shall be high

yield strength deformed bars
(Fe 415) conforming to
I.S.:1986
with
latest
amendments.

2. R.C.C. layout at a particular

level indicates (i) beams and
slabs at that level, (ii)
supporting columns below that
level and (iii) walls above that
level.

4. Any
deviations
from
designed
sizes,
found
necessary on site shall be
got approved well in advance
before
execution
from
Superintending
Engineer.

3. Any discrepancies noticed

between these layouts and
Architects drawings shall be
communicated to office of
. (where designs are
prepared) for clarification
before starting execution.

5. Development
length
of
reinforcing bars shall be in
accordance with Clause 26.2.1
of I.S.456:2000.

4. Any change in the location of

beams, orientation of column/s
other than that shown in the
layouts, shall be got approved
in
advance
from
Superintending Engineer.

6. Approval to R.C.C. layouts and

to the sizes of columns and
beams above plinth level shall
be obtained from Architect
prior to the execution.

46

2. Reduction in column size shall

be effected from the top of the
slab at relevant floor level.

[C] FOOTINGS/PILES AND

PILE CAPS :
1. For column numbers and their
orientation refer to R.C.C.
layout at plinth level drawing
No./. .

3. For any change proposed at

site, in the size of column
section and/or their orientation,
approval of Superintending
Engineer shall be obtained
before execution.

2. The difference in levels between

adjoining footings shall not
exceed than that permitted vide
Clause No.9.7 of I.S.:1904.
3. The larger dimension of a
footing shall be oriented along
the longer side of a column,
unless the sketch indicates the
contrary.

4. Larger diameter bars shall be

provided at corners, unless
otherwise indicated in the
sketch.
5. Arrangement of binders shown
in the sketch is suggestive, any
other alternative arrangement in
accordance with the relevant
provisions in I.S.:456 and
I.S.:2502 may be adopted.

4. Reinforcement
parallel
to
breadth of footing shall be laid
first.
5. Reinforcing bars shall be bent
up at the edges of footings to
get
required
development
length.

[E] BEAMS :
1. For notation of beams refer
R.C.C. layout at floor
level Drawing No. /
.

6. The sub-soil and sub-soil water

are assumed to be free from
harmful elements.

2. In case of collinear beams, top

reinforcement over a support
for non-seismic region and both
top and bottom reinforcement
at a support for seismic region
shall be continued in adjacent
span for full development
length or span/4 of adjoining
span whichever is more.

7. Footings/pile and pile caps are

designed for (ground + --)
(number of stories for which
footings are designed).
8. Footings are designed for safe
bearing capacity of ---- t/sq.m.
9. For details of dowel bars and
their arrangement refer to
schedule of columns from
footing to plinth level Drawing
No./ .

3. In case of collinear beam and in

case there is no beam on the
other
side,
the
top
reinforcement over a support
for non-coastal region and both
top and bottom reinforcement
at a support for coastal region
shall be anchored in the
supporting column for full
development length. In case of
grid beams it shall be anchored

[D] COLUMNS :
1. For orientation of columns
refer R.C.C. layout at plinth
Drawing No.. /.. .

47

10. Beams at toilet portion shall be

cast 20 cm. below general floor
level.

in the supporting beams and

columns.
4. Minimum
and
maximum
distance between individual
bars shall be as per Clause
No.26.3 of I.S.456:2000 with
latest amendments.

11. Necessary
provision
for
reinforcement of chajja, facias,
canopy, fins, pardi and brackets
etc. shall be made while casting
of relevant beams.

5. The end of a beam except in a

grid not having either a column
support or a collinear beam
shall be considered to be a
discontinuous end. The top and
bottom reinforcement at such a
discontinuous end shall be
terminated in the supporting
beams instead of anchoring for
full development length.

[F] SLABS :
1. For notation of slabs refer
R.C.C. layout at floor
level Drawing No. / .
.
2. Slabs of toilet portion shall be
cast at 20 cm. below general
floor level.

6. In case diameter and number of

bars of adjacent collinear
beams are same then these bars
shall be kept continuous.

3. Reinforcement in chajjas shall

be provided as per the sketch
No.4A of Designs Circles
Technical Note No.7502.

7. If the spacing of stirrups in any

region of a beam (such as 0 to
D, D to 2d, etc. is not a
submultiple of the depth of the
beam, then the same spacing
shall be continued in the next
region for one more spacing
before starting the new spacing
to be provided in the next
region.

4. In slab notation, the first figure

indicate the imposed live load
assumed in design. It shall be
ensured by the field engineers
that the actual live load on the
slab does not exceed this
specified load.
[G] WATER TANK :

8. Extra steel at top of support

between adjacent beams is
shown in any one beam. This
extra steel is to be continued on
both sides of the support for
required anchorage length or
span/4 of respective beam,
whichever is more.

1. Mix of the concrete for water

tank shall be M 20.
2. All dimensions are in cms,
unless otherwise specifically
mentioned.
3. Plans and sections are not to
scale.

9. Top of internal plinth beams

shall be 15 cms. below plinth
level and top of external plinth
beams shall be 15 cms. below
ground level.

4. Necessary
water
proofing
treatment, load of which shall
not exceed 100 kg/sq.m. shall
be given to the tank.

48

beyond the bend

development length.

5. The drawing shows only

structural details Air vents,
over flow pipes, inlets, outlets,
scour pipes, man holes etc.
have not been shown on the
drawing.

for

full

8. The diameter and position of

over flow pipe shall be such
that it will ensure a free board
of 15 cms.

6. Manholes of adequate diameter

shall be provided as per
requirement/s
with
extra
trimmer bars below main
reinforcement of slab as shown
in the drawing.

9. Column reinforcement shall be

continued upto top of bottom
slab of water tank.
10. R.C.C. Tank/s of .. Litres
capacity shall rest on columns
Nos., , , , , and .

7. The horizontal and vertical bars

of the walls shall be continued

49

2. VARIOUS FORMAT
R.C.C. LAYOUT

50

SCHEDULE OF ISOLATED FOOTINGS (SAFE BEARING CAPACITY 300 KN/sqm)

OVERALL SIZE
(in mm)

Sr.No.

COLUMN NUMBERS
LENGTH
(L)

OVERALL DEPTH
(IN mm)

AT
BREADTH COLUMN
FACE
(B)
(D1)

AT
FOOTING
EDGE
(D2)

DETAILS OF COLUMN

REINFORCEMENT
COLUMN SIZE
(in mm)
PARALLEL TO
BREADTH OF
FOOTING

PARALLEL TO
LENGTH OF
FOOTING

NOS.

DIA.

NOS.

DIA.

1.

C-1,2,3,4,31,34

1750

1400

500

300

12

10

10

10

2.

C-5,8,27,30

1900

1550

600

300

15

10

12

10

3.

C-6,7,28,29

1850

1500

600

300

15

10

12

10

DEPTH
(d)

600

600

600

REINFORCEMENT FROM FOOTING TO TOP

REMARKS
MAIN

(d)

230

230

230

BINDER

MIX

NOS.

DIA.

DIA.

SPACING

12

12

180

M-20

6
+
12

16
8

180

M-20

4
+
8

16
8

180

M-20

12

12

4.

C-9,10

1750

1400

500

300

12

10

10

10

600

230

10

12

180

M-20

5.

C-11,14,21,24

1750

1450

500

300

12

10

12

10

500

230

14

12

180

M-20

C-12,13

1700

1450

600

300

14

10

11

10

500

230

4
+
8

16

6.

180

M-20

51

12

SKETCH

SCHEDULE OF BEAMS AT FIRST FLOOR LEVEL.

Sr.
No.

OVERALL
SIZE

BEAM Nos.

TYPE
OF
BEAM BREADTH DEPTH
(B)
(D)
(in mm) (in mm)

MAIN REINFORCEMENT (H.Y.S.D.)

BOTTOM

TOP
Nos.

EXTRA STEEL OVER SUPPORTS (H.Y.S.D.)

DIA
(in mm)

Nos.

DIA

1.1,3.1,31.1,33.1

230

750

16

16

2.

5.1,27.1

230

600

16

16

3.

7.1,29.1

230

600

16

16

4.

9.01,9.1,10.1

230

750

16

16

5.

11.1,13.1,21.1,23.1

230

450

12

12

6.

15.1

230

500

12

16

7.

16.1

230

500

12

16

2
1

16
12

12

16

12

16

17.1

230

500

12

9.

18.1

230

500

10.

19.1

230

500

BOTTOM
DIA

Nos.

(in mm)

1.

8.

TOP

(in mm)

1
1

12
12

1
1

16
16

2-16 + 1-12
20
2
2
20
20
2
2
20
2-16 + 1-12

52

Nos.

DIA

COLUMN Nos.

(in mm)

C-5,27
--C-8,30

C-11,13,21,23
C-12,14,22,24

C-17
C-18
C-18
C-19
C-19
C-20

SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
(H.Y.S.D.)
SPACING OF
DIAMETER
STIRRUPS C/C
OF
(in mm)
STIRRUPS
2D TO
(in mm)
0-2D
CENTER

150

150

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

REMARKS

SCHEDULE OF ONE WAY SLAB AT FIRST FLOOR LEVEL

OVERALL
Sr.No.

SLAB NOTATION

REINFORCEMENT
REMARK

THICKNESS
(in mm)

MAIN STEEL

DISTRIBUTION STEEL

1.

200 S 1.1,200 S 1.2

100

8 mm O @ 200 mm c/c

8 mm O @ 250 mm c/c

2.

200 S 1.3,200 S 1.4

120

8 mm O @ 200 mm c/c

8 mm O @ 250 mm c/c

3.

300 S 1.5 (ML)

120

8 mm O @ 150 mm c/c

8 mm O @ 250 mm c/c

4.

75 SC 1.1,75 SC 1.1A,
75 SC 1.2

100

8 mm O @ 150 mm c/c

8 mm O @ 250 mm c/c

CANTILEVER SLAB / CHAJJA

5.

300 SF 1.1

200

12 mm O @ 150 mm c/c

8 mm O @ 200 mm c/c

STAIR FLIGHT WAIST SLAB

SUNK SLAB

SLAB AT MID LANDING

SCHEDULE OF TWO WAY SLAB AT FIRST FLOOR LEVEL

MAIN REINFORCEMENT IN CENTRAL STRIP OF 3/4 SPAN
OVERALL
SR.No.

SLAB NOTATION

MAIN STEEL AT BOTTOM

EXTRA STEEL OVER SUPPORTING BEAM

THICKNESS
(in mm)

PARALLEL TO
SHORT SPAN

PARALLEL TO
LONG SPAN

BEAMS Nos.

PARALLEL TO PARALLEL TO
SHORT SPAN LONG SPAN

DISTRIBUTION STEEL
IN EDGE STRIPS
AT BOTTOM

CORNER REINFORCEMENT
AT TOP AND BOTTOM,
BOTH WAYS
AS PER
TECH, NOTE No.7502

1.

200 S 2.1,200 S 2.2,

200 S 2.3,200 S 2.4
300 S 2.5

120

8mm O @ 200mm c/c 8mm O @ 200mm c/c

--

--

--

8mm O @ 200mm c/c

8mm O @ 200mm c/c

2.

150 ST 2.6, 150 ST 2.7

100

8mm O @ 200mm c/c 8mm O @ 200mm c/c

--

--

--

8mm O @ 200mm c/c

8mm O @ 200mm c/c

53

REMARKS

SCHEDULE OF COLUMNS FROM FOOTING TO FIRST FLOOR LEVEL

FOOTING TO FIRST FLOOR LEVEL
REINFORCEMENT (H.Y.S.D.)

Sr.No.

SIZE

COLUMN NUMBERS

WIDTH
(mm)

DEPTH
(mm)

NOS.

DIA

SPACING

(mm)

(mm)

180

M-20

180

M-20

180

M-20

C-1,2,3,4,15,20,
C-31,32,33,34

230

600

12

12

C-5,8,27,30

230

600

6
+
12

16

2.

4
+
8

16

C-6,7,28,29

230

600

REMARKS
MIX

DIA
(mm)

1.

3.

BINDER

MAIN

SKETCH

REFER TOSKETCH No.1

FOR DETAILS OF
DUMMY COLUMN
AT C-1,4,31,34

12

12

4.

C-9,10

230

600

10

12

180

M-20

5.

C-11,14,21,24

230

500

14

12

180

M-20

54

3. FIELD DATA PROFORMA

STANDARD PROFORMA FOR FURNISHING FIELD DATA
FOR COMMENCING DESIGN OF BUILDING PROJECTS
1.

Name of work

2.

Location
(a) Location with Seismic Zone.
(b) Importance Factor for
structure as per I.S.:1893.
(c) Exposure Condition as per
I.S.456:2000.
(d) Grades of concrete

3.

General description & salient

features.

4.

Architects Plan No.& Job No.

5.

G.R.Number and date of

administrative approval with
cost (Copy to be attached)

6.

Budget Item No. and Page No.

in Budget Book if it is budgeted.

7.

Technical sanction order and its

date (authority with cost).
(Copy to be attached)

8.

Foundation conditions

(a) Foundation details of existing

building near to the site.
(b) Distance between the nearest
existing building and proposed
building.
(c) Plan showing location/s of trial
pits/trial bores including level
of sub-soil water table.
(give date of observation)

55

(d) Results of chemical tests on sub

soil water for Sulphite, Chloride
contents, Ph value.
(e) Safe bearing capacity of foundation strata including depth in case
of open footing (mention basis
i.e. test results with report etc.)
(f) Details of sub soil exploration
or tests with results like

(i) Nature of subsoil beneath and

around with respect to Compressibility and shear strength.
(ii) Penetration test results of
Different Strata.
(iii) In case rock, description of rock
to convey physical characteristics
and strength.
(iv) In case of weathered rock,
description regarding physical
behaviour and expected physical
behaviour.
(g) Tidal effects if any.

9.

Special points about foundations and

site.

9.1

If open footings are not feasible give

recommendations about.

(a)

Raft : Depth and Safe

bearing capacity of strata

(b)

Piles :
(i) Depth
(ii) Safe bearing pressure
for the hard strata.
(iii)Type-frictional/bearing/under reamed.

56

(iv) Dia of pile proposed

(if specific dia is to be provided).
(v) Proposed pile cap level.
(vi) Proposed top level of finished
file.
(vii) Undrained shear strength
of soil.
(viii) Horizontal Modulus of soil.
9.2 Nature of ground e.g. plain, undulating,
sloping etc. (attach contour plan at 0.5 m.
interval if ground slope exceeds 1:30)

10. Water storage tanks (show requirements

:
of present and future extension separately)
(a) Overhead tanks : Type
(M.S./R.C.C./H.D.P.E./F.R.P.)
capacity (show location on plan)

(b) Underground tank (Location,

capacity and special requirements
if any)

11. Lift loads

(i) Capacity of lift (passengers/goods)

(ii) Load of lift cage

(iii) Load of motor/gear in the

machine room.

(iv) Machine room floor live load

(v)

Impact factor

(vi)

Lift pit depth

(vii)

Machine room floor level

w.r.t. terrace.

(viii) Machine roof level w.r.t. terrace.

(ix)

Whether location sketch indicating :

position of girders for supporting
gears/mortars and erection purpose
provided ?

57

(x)

Minimum thickness of machine

room floor slab required by field
(if any)

(xi)

Any other system/load to be

considered for erection.

(xii)

Whether above information is

:
given by the officer of the rank at
least Executive Engineer (Electrical)
( Yes / No )

12.

Extra ordinary Load

If any to be considered for Design.

13.

Provision to be made in design for

future extension if any.

(a) Horizontal
(Details of Extension)
(i) No. of stories as per Architects
Drawing

G +

(ii) No. of stories to be constructed

at present .

G +

(iii) No. of stories to be Designed for

G +

(b) Vertical

(c) Authority for the above

(Architects plan, provisions in
A.A. or Tech. Sanctioned estimate
reference to master plan etc.)

(d) Whether structural sections

assumed in sanctioned estimate
take into account the envisaged
expansion at (a) & (b) above.

(e) Detailed plans of the future

extension.

14. Special requirements of Architectural

plans if any.
(a) Restriction on column sizes and
their orientation with locations
(b) Restriction on sizes of beams and
their locations.

58

:
:

(c) Lift machine room floor clearance

from general terrace level.

(d) Minimum headway if any, with

locations.

(e) Any specific or suggested positions

of expansion joints if required at
particular places.

15. If the Building is to be designed for wind

load give value of K1, K2, K3 as per
I.S.:875(Part 3) to calculate design wind
speed.

: K1 =
K2 =
K3 =

16. Special features of the staircases if any

17.

(a)

Clearance on sides

(b)

Restrictions on No. of steps in

a flight

(c)

Restrictions on tread widths and

heights of risers etc.

Any other special requirements or

points such as.

(i) Type of water proofing with its loading

(ii) Exposure to saline and chemical
atmosphere.
Note :

The following plans must be supplied

with this proforma.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)

Index plan
Site plan showing locations of trial pits.
Sub surface data including test results.
Contour plan in case ground slope exceeds 1:30
Architects plan (original and not traced copies )
Marked with location of over head tanks/with
individual capacity.
(vi) Plans and sketches showing special requirements, if any.

Additional Information
(1) Present Position of Tender

(2)

Tentative Programme of construction

59

4. SKETCHES

60

( Fig.2 of I.S.13920:1993 on Page 3 )

61

( Fig.3 of I.S.13920:1993 on Page 4 )

( Fig.3 of I.S.13920:1993 on Page 4 )

62

ANCHARAGE OF BARS IN AN EXTERNAL BEAM

( Fig.1 of I.S.13920:1993 on Page 3 )

63

( Fig.6 of I.S.13920:1993 on Page 6 )

( Fig.10 of I.S.13920:1993 on Page 9 )

64

( Fig.9 of I.S.13920:1993 on Page 9 )

65

( Fig.7 of I.S.13920:1993 on Page 7 )

66

( Fig.11 of I.S.13920:1993 on Page 10 )

( Fig.12 of I.S.13920:1993 on Page 11 )

67

( Fig.5 of I.S.13920:1993 on Page 6 )

68

69

COPY OF G.R.DATED 03.11.80.

Preparation of R.C.C. design
for building works, plans &
estimates for Bridges.

Public Works and Housing Department,

Mantralaya, Bombay-400 032.
Govt. Circular No.BDG-1080/80838(394)/Desk-2, 3rd November, 1980.

Read : Government Circular No.B & C Department

(i)
No.BDG-1864/22208/K(I), dated 12.11.1964.
(ii)
No.BDG-3869/5340/K, dated 13.07.1970.
1.

Instructions about the preparation of R.C.C. Designs for building works have
been issued vide Government references cited above. Similarly, in respect of
bridge works, so far, it was a practice that the Designs Circle used to prepare
detailed plans and estimates, only for major bridges where linear waterway
exceeds 100 (i.e.30 M). Since then there has been a substantial increase in the
construction activities and eventual increases in the workload of Designs Circle.

2.

The question of relieving the Designs Circle from some of its routine work load,
was under consideration of Government for some time past. In order to enable
the Designs Circle to devote more time and energy for preparing sophisticated
type of designs in case of more complicated structures and to give guidance to the
field officers on planning and monitoring technique of PERT/CPM for works of
large magnitude Government is now pleased to issue the following orders :
(A)

Preparation of Bridge Projects :(i)

Bridge upto 30 m. linear waterway shall be designed and estimated by the

concerned Road Project Division.

(ii)

(a) Only preliminary design indicating the waterway the type

of foundation, the span arrangement and brief project report
will be prepared by the Designs Circle for bridges between 30
m. to 60 m. linear waterway.
(b) Detailed plans and estimates for the above bridges shall be done
by the concerned Road Project Division.

(iii)

The Designs Circle will henceforth prepare detailed plans and estimates
only for bridges where linear waterway exceeds 60 m.

70

(B)

Designs of Bridges:
The Designs Circle will continue to prepare Type-Designs for various bridgecomponents as well as detailed structural designs for bridges as per the
present practice.

(C)

Designs of Buildings :
(i)

Designs of all load bearing structures shall be prepared by the concerned

field Executive Engineer, irrespective of number of stories and cost of
structure.

(ii)

Design of R.C.C. framed structures upto 4 stories (Ground plus 3 upper)

shall be prepared by the Executive Engineer of P.W.Divisions of Zilla
Parishads irrespective of the cost of the structure except in case of
structures requiring wind and seismic analysis.

Sd/( S.S.Naik )
Deputy Secretary to Govt.

71