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Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Department of Mathematics

This document is a tutorial sheet for a mathematics course covering topics in linear algebra, including diagonalization, orthogonality, orthogonal bases, and orthogonal projections. It contains 12 problems exploring these concepts, such as showing properties of similar and diagonalizable matrices, using diagonalization to calculate matrix powers, applying the Cayley-Hamilton theorem, and finding orthogonal bases and decompositions.

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35 views

Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Department of Mathematics

This document is a tutorial sheet for a mathematics course covering topics in linear algebra, including diagonalization, orthogonality, orthogonal bases, and orthogonal projections. It contains 12 problems exploring these concepts, such as showing properties of similar and diagonalizable matrices, using diagonalization to calculate matrix powers, applying the Cayley-Hamilton theorem, and finding orthogonal bases and decompositions.

Uploaded by

thezobot1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

Department of Mathematics

Mathematics-I

MA 101 
Tutorial Sheet-5

Date:
Time:

07-Sep-2015
08:00  09:00

Linear Algebra

Topics Covered:

Diagonalization, Orthogonality, Orthonormal Basis, Orthogonal Complement and Orthogonal Projections, GramSchmidt Process.
1. Show that any two similar matrices have the same trace.
2. Let A be an invertible matrix. Prove that if A is diagonalizable, then so is A1 .
3. Let A be a diagonalizable matrix such that characteristic polynomial of A has only one root. Then nd out
the diagonal matrix D such that A D. Is such a matrix D unique?
4. With the help of diagonlization, calculate A2015 where

1 0
A= 3 0
1 0

1
3 .
1

5. (a) Let A be a diagonal matrix and let P () = n + an1 n1 + . . . + a0 be the characteristic polynomial of
A. Then show that P (A) = An + an1 An1 + . . . + a0 In is the zero matrix.
(b) Show that the statement holds for diagonalizable matrices as well.
[Cayley-Hamilton theorem states that this statement holds for any square matrix, i.e. a matrix A satises its
characteristic polynomial.]
6. (a) For any u, v Rn , show that |u v| kukkvk (Cauchy-Schwartz inequality).
(b) For any u, v Rn , show that ku + vk kuk + kvk (Triangle inequality).
7. Let A be a real symmetric matrix.
(a) Show that all the eigenvalues of A are real.
(b) Show that any two eigenvectors corresponding to distinct eigenvalues are orthogonal.
8. If A and B are n n matrices with n distinct eigenvalues. Then show that AB = BA if and only if A and B
have the same eigenvectors.

T

T
9. Find an orthogonal basis for R4 containing the vectors: v1 = 1 1 1 1 and v2 = 1 1 1 1 .
10. Let W be the row space of the matrix

2
1

A=
3
1
1

1
2
1
3
4

2
1
3
1
1

1
2
1
3
4

2
1

3
.
1
1


Compute W and the orthogonal decomposition of the vector v = 1


5 with respect to W .

11. Let S = {v1 , . . . , vk } be an orthonormal set in Rn . Let x Rn be a vector. Then show that

kxk2 |x v1 |2 + |x v2 |2 + . . . + |x vk |2 .
Also show that the above becomes an equality if and only if x Span(S).
12. Let A be a 2 2 orthogonal matrix. Show that there exists a real number such that




cos
sin
cos
sin
A=
or
A=
.
sin cos
sin cos
In the rst case, A rotates the vectors of R2 by the angle counterclockwise, and in the second case, A reects
the vectors of R2 about a line; in this case nd the line.

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