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Calculations:-: Q A V × I

The document contains calculations to determine the thermal conductivities of different materials used in a slab with a heater. It provides the area of the slab and calculates the heat generated by the heater. It then uses Fourier's law of heat conduction to calculate the thermal conductivities of cast iron, bakelite, and pressed wood in the slab based on temperature measurements across the slab. The results show good agreement between the experimental thermal conductivities calculated and literature values, validating the use of Fourier's law.

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sonu mahipal
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29 views5 pages

Calculations:-: Q A V × I

The document contains calculations to determine the thermal conductivities of different materials used in a slab with a heater. It provides the area of the slab and calculates the heat generated by the heater. It then uses Fourier's law of heat conduction to calculate the thermal conductivities of cast iron, bakelite, and pressed wood in the slab based on temperature measurements across the slab. The results show good agreement between the experimental thermal conductivities calculated and literature values, validating the use of Fourier's law.

Uploaded by

sonu mahipal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CALCULATIONS:2

0.3
Area of slab= ( / 4=0.0706 m2 .

Q= (V I)/2=(160 1.06 /2 =84.8 watt. (Because heat generated by heater is


going
Q
A

VI
2 A

160 1.06
2 0.07065

1200.28

watt/m2,

First side of heater:Lets assume mean conductivity is


km

Then,

:k m

Q ( L1 + L2 + L3 )
1

2 A ( T 1T 7 )

160 1.06 (0.025+0.019+ 0.012)


2 ( 0.07065 ) (33390)

=0.3016

watt/m-k.

-------------------------(1)

Then,thermal conductivities of different slabs:(kci)1

(kb)1

(kpw)1

Q dx
A dt

84.8 0.025
0.07065(333327)

Q dx
A dt

84.8 0.019
0.07065(327167)

= 0.1426 watt/ m K

84.8 0.012
0.07065(16790)

= 0.18718 watt/ m K

Q dx
A dt

5.00472 watt/ m K

Since we know that :

Q
A
Law)

dT
dx

&

i =n
l
L
= i
kA i=1 k i Ai

(Fouriers

k
L
L
( ci) A+ 2 + 3
k b A k pw A
L
L
= 1
k 'm A

>

L L L
L
= 1 + 2+ 3
k ' m k ci k b k pw

(Lets here mean

conductivity is:0.056
k'm
1

k 'm

0.025
5.00472

0.019
0.1426

0.012
0.18718

>k ' m

= 0.2768 watt/m-K

---------------------(2)
From (1)& (2),
km
1

k 'm

---------------------(3)
Similarly , considering 2nd side of heater:Lets assume mean conductivity is

Then,

km

:k m

Q ( L1 + L2 + L3 )
2

2 A ( T 2T 8 )

160 1.06 (0.025+0.019+ 0.012)


2 ( 0.07065 ) (333107)

=0.2976 watt/m-K

---------------------------(4)

Then, thermal conductivities of different slabs:Q dx

(kci)2
A dt
Q dx

(kb)2
A dt
Q dx

(kpw)2
A dt

84.8 0.025
0.07065(333327)

84.8 0.019
0.07065(327177)

= 0.15214watt/ m K

Since we know that :

84.8 0.012
0.07065(177107)

5.0047watt/ m K

0.205watt/ m K

Q
A

dT
dx

i =n
l
L
= i
kA i=1 k i Ai

&

(Fouriers

Law)
k
L
L
( ci) A+ 2 + 3
k b A k pw A
L
L
= 1
k 'm A

>

L L L
L
= 1 + 2+ 3
k ' m k ci k b k pw

(Lets here mean conductivity is:-

k 'm

0.056
k'm

0.025
5.0047

0.019
0.15214

0.012
0.205

>k ' m

= 0.2972 watt/m-K ---------------

(5)
From (4) & (5),
km

k 'm

----------------------(6).

From both side of consideration of heater , now we have been sure from eqn (3) & (6),that
Fouriers law is true.
Mean thermal conductivity of different materials:5.0047+ 5.0047
k of Cast Iron =
2

k of Bakelite =

0.1426+0.15214
2

k of Pressed Wood =

=5.0047watt/m-K

=0.14737 watt/m-K

0.18718+ 0.205
2

=0.19609 watt/m-K

RESULT: Table: 02
Material

Cast Iron

Experimental Value of Thermal


Conductivity k
(watt/m K)
5.0047

Literature Value of Thermal


Conductivity at mean temperature k
(watt/m K)
43

Bakelite
Pressed Wood

0.14373
0.19609

0.3
0.2

Table: 03
Equivalent Conductivity by Fouriers Law (watt/ m K)

L l1 l2 l3
= + +
k m k ci k b k pw

0.2768+ 0.2972
2

=0.287

Equivalent Conductivity by experiment (watt/m-K)

km

Q dx
A dt

V I dx
2 A dt

L l1 l2 l3
= + +
k m k ci k b k pw ,.(A)

Now putting the values of conductivities ,


k m =0.287 watt/m-K(from experiment)
kb
k pw

=0.3 watt/m-K(from literature)


=0.2 watt/m-K(from literature)

From equation (A)

k ci =0.3486 watt/m-K

Again

k m =0.287 watt/m-K(from experiment)


kb

=0.3 watt/m-K(from literature)

k ci

=43 watt/m-K(from literature)

0.3016+0.2976
2

= 0.2996

From equation (A)

For

k pw =0.0915 watt/m-K

kb ,

k m =0.287 watt/m-K(from experiment)


k ci
k pw

=43 watt/m-K(from literature)


=0.2 watt/m-K(from literature)

From equation (A)

k b =0.14 watt/m-K

Temperature Profile
350
300
250
200
Junction
temperature,first
side of heater
Temperature ( C) 150

Junction temperature, second side of heater

100
50
0
0

10

20

30

Distance (mm)

Fig.-02

40

50

60

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