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DC Assignment 2: L H H L

This document discusses band pass sampling. It defines key terms like lower cutoff frequency (fL), upper cutoff frequency (fH), and bandwidth (B=fH - fL). It states that for band pass signals, the minimum sampling frequency (fS) needed can be as low as 2 times the bandwidth, unlike for baseband signals where fS must be at least 2 times the highest frequency. It provides the band pass sampling theorem: fS ≥ 2(fH - fL). It also notes that fS can be 2(fH - fL) when either fH or fL is a harmonic of fS, allowing perfect reconstruction by tuning a receiver. However, this may not always be

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23 views

DC Assignment 2: L H H L

This document discusses band pass sampling. It defines key terms like lower cutoff frequency (fL), upper cutoff frequency (fH), and bandwidth (B=fH - fL). It states that for band pass signals, the minimum sampling frequency (fS) needed can be as low as 2 times the bandwidth, unlike for baseband signals where fS must be at least 2 times the highest frequency. It provides the band pass sampling theorem: fS ≥ 2(fH - fL). It also notes that fS can be 2(fH - fL) when either fH or fL is a harmonic of fS, allowing perfect reconstruction by tuning a receiver. However, this may not always be

Uploaded by

Arpit Roy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DC ASSIGNMENT 2

SUBMITTED BY:
ANIRUDH P S
B130226EC

Lecture 5
BAND PASS SAMPLING
Spectrum of band pass signals is centered around some frequency fc , other than
zero Hz.

fL -Lower cut off frequency


fH -Upper cut off frequency
Bandwidth B=fH - fL
Why not sampling original voice message, than going for DSB -SC and then
digitizing it?
This is the final message signal to be transmitted in the medium
Digitize a pass band signal; instead of sampling base band and then frequency
shifting.

Voice 300Hz to 3.4KHz


Band Pass Sampling Theorem
The term bandpass sampling refers to the process of sampling continuous signals
whose center frequencies have been translated up from zero Hz.
Dont apply low pass sampling theorem.
1

fS = 2 X 10.1 , which is huge


The sampling frequency for baseband signals, where highest frequency is fH &
fL =0,
fS 2 fH
Whereas for bandpass fS needed can be as low as 2(fH - fL )= 2BW; in many
situations. In base band, 2 X highest frequency component (not BW mentioned
directly).
Here, 2(fH - fL )= 2 BW
i.e. fS 2(fH - fL )
Minimum need not be always 2B.
1) Check if its sufficient or not.
2) If 2B is not sufficient, then?
Fourier Series:
s(t) =

dt
2dt
2t
4t
6t
+
(cos
+ cos
+ cos
+ ...)
Ts
Ts
Ts
Ts
Ts
TS =

1
2fM

fM = max freq component


fS = 2 fM
Consider the case where fL =NfS

No overlapping because of the condition fL =NfS


To reconstruct, use an ideal bandpass filter with BW = fH -fL , centered at fC
Tune the receiver properly, change the centre frequency.
When the spectrum of m(t) is confined either to the first half or second half
2

of the interval between the sampling frequency harmonics, there is no spectral


overlap and can reconstruct.
Hence the minimum sampling frequency required is
fS =2(fH -fL ) ; provided that either fH or fL is a harmonic of fS .
Here, fS as low as 2(fH -fL ) when either fH or fL is a harmonic of fS
. Trick: Arrangement of spectrum
fS decided by bandwidth
If B = 2kHz , fS = 4kHz, fH =11.5kHz
Cant always be satisfied in practice
Spectrum overlap can do fL =8kHz , fH = 10kHz Consider the case where neither fH nor fL is a harmonic of fS PS- Positive frequency part; NS- negative
frequency part of the spectral pattern.

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