CATHODIC PROTECTION DESIGN FOR BRACELET ANODE

This spreadsheet determines the anode requirements for the main line.
The output represents the anode requirements to satisfy the mean and final current demand of the pipelines.
Mthodology is in accordance with DNV-RP-B401 (2010).
1.0 INPUT DATA
Definition of Units for MATHCAD :

CK

years 8760 hr

A amp

1.1 Pipeline Data

Pipeline Length

Lp := 16000 m

Outside Diameter

D := 273.1mm

Joint Length

Lj := 12.2m

Corrosion Coating thickness

t c := 3.5 mm

Design Life

t f := 15 years

Operating Temperature

Top := 55 C

Mean Current Density (Depth > 30-100 m

i cm := 0.06 A m

and surface water temperature >20

(Assume that the temperature for the

anodes is the same as the
temperature of the pipeline)
-2

(Table 10-2, DNV-RP-B401, 2010)

oC)

Final Current Density (Depth > 30-100 m and

surface water temperature >20

(3LPE coating)

-2

(Table 10-1, DNV-RP-B401, 2010)

i cf := 0.08 A m

oC)

-2

-1

Temperature correction (>25 deg C)

Tc := 0.001 A m

Constant in Coating Breakdown Factor

(Coating Category III)

a := 0.02

(Table 10-4 DNV-RP-B401, 2010)

Constant in Coating Breakdown Factor

(Coating Category III)

b := 0.008

(Table 10-4 DNV-RP-B401, 2010)

Mean Coating Breakdown Factor

fcm := a + b

Final coating brakdown factor

fcf := a + b

Design Protective Potential vs Ag/AgCl

tf

2 years
tf

years

Ec := -0.80 volt

Environmental Resistivity (Seawater, 21 deg C) := 0.225 ohm m

(Section 6.3.9 DNV-RP-B401, 2010)

fcm = 0.08
fcf = 0.14
(Section 5.4.1 DNV-RP-B401, 2010)
(Figure 10-1 DNV-RP-B401 2010,
The salinity is assumed 35ppt as
average value)

Page 1 of 5

1.2 Half Shell Bracelet Anode Data (Al Based)

Clearance Between Anode ID & coating OD

t g := 0mm

Anode Inside Diameter

ID a := D + 2 t c + 2 t g

Anode Thickness

t a := 40mm

Anode Length

La := 450mm

Half Shell Gap

ga := 100mm

Anode Material Density

a := 2700 kg m

Anode Usage Factor

u := 0.8

(Table 10-8, DNV-RP-B401, 2010)

Design Closed Circuit Anode Potential

(Seawater)

Ea := -1.05 volt

(Table 10-6, DNV-RP-B401, 2005)

Electrochemical Capacity (Seawater)

a := 2000 A hr kg

ID a = 280.1 mm

-3

-1

(Table 10-6, DNV-RP-B401, 2005)

2.0 CALCULATIONS
2.1 Net Mass per Anode
2

Surface Area of Anode

SAa := ( ID a + 2 t a) - 2 ga La

SAa = 0.419 m

Cross-Sectional Area of Anode

XAa := (ID a + t a) - 2 ga t a

XAa = 0.032 m

Volume of Anode

V a := XAa La

V a = 0.015 m

Net Mass per Anode as per calculation

mac := V a a

mac = 39.153 kg

Net Mass per Anode as per availability from

Vendor Catalogue

ma := 38kg

ma = 38 kg

Surface Area to be Protected

Acm := D Lp

Acm = 1.373 10 m

Design Steel Current Density Demand

Correction for Steel Temperature (T)

i cmt := ifTop < 25 C , icm , i cm + ( Top - 25 C) Tc

2.2 Mean Current Requirement

4 2

-2

i cmt = 0.09 A m
Mean Coating Breakdown Factor

tf
- 30
years

fcmt := iftf < 30 years , fcm , fcm + 0.002

fcmt = 0.08

Page 2 of 5

Current Demand for Specific Surface Area

Icm := Acm fcmt i cmt

Icm = 98.838 A

Electrochemical Efficiency

:= a

= 2 10 A hr kg

Total Anode Mass

M :=

Anode Current Capacity

ca := ma u

Minimum Number of Anodes Required

nm :=

Maximum Required Anode Spacing (meter)

Maximum Required Anode Spacing (number

of joints)

-1

Icm tf
u

M = 8117.07 kg
4

ca = 6.08 10 A hr

M
nm = 213.607

ma

Lspm :=

Lp

Lspm = 74.904 m

nm
Lspm

Jointsm :=

Lj

Jointsm = 6.14

Mean Currrent Requirements Results:

RESULTmean := if( nm ca Icm t f , "The Mean Current Requirements are met" , "Not OK" )
RESULTmean = "The Mean Current Requirements are met"

2.3 Final Current Requirement

End of Life Anode Mass

mf := ma ( 1 - u)

End of Life Anode Volume

V f :=

End of Life Anode CSA (Assume Anode

Length doesn't change)

XAf :=

mf

mf = 7.6 kg
-3 3

V f = 2.815 10

Vf
La

-3 2

XAf = 6.255 10

End of Life Anode Outer Diameter

Initial Aprroximation
Given

ODf := IDa
XAf = ( ODf - 2 ga) ( ODf - ID a)
ODf := Find( ODf )

ODf = 0.289 m

End of Life Anode Surface Area

SAaf := ( ODf - 2 ga) La

SAaf = 0.318 m

End of Life Anode Resistance

Raf :=

End of Life Anode Current Output

Iaf :=

0.315
SAaf
Ec - Ea
Raf

Raf = 0.126 ohm

Iaf = 1.991 A

Page 3 of 5

The Design Final Current Density for Steel,

Corrected for Temperature

i cft := ifTop < 25 C , i cf , i cf + ( Top - 25 C) Tc

-2

i cft = 0.11 A m

4 2

Steel Surface Area to be Protected

Acf := D Lp

Final Coating Breakdown Factor

fcft := ift f < 20 years , fcf , fcf + 0.004

Acf = 1.373 10 m

tf

- 20
years

fcft = 0.14
End of Life Current Demand for Surface Area
to be Protected

Icf := Acf fcft icft

Minimum Number of Anodes Required

nf :=

Maximum Required Anode Spacing (meter)

Maximum Required Anode Spacing (number

of Joints)

Icf

nf = 106.2

Iaf

Lspf :=

Lp

Lspf = 150.659 m

nf

Jointsf :=

Icf = 211.404 A

Lspf

Jointsf = 12.349

Lj

Final Current Requirements Results

RESULTfinal := if( nf Iaf Icf , "The Final Current Requirements are met" , "Not OK" )
RESULTfinal = "The Final Current Requirements are met"
2.4 Required Anode Spacing and Number of Anodes
Required Anode Spacing (number of Joints)

Required Number of Anodes

Jointsrequired := min( Jointsm, Jointsf )

Jointsrequired = 6.14

Jointsrounded := floor (Jointsrequired)

Jointsrounded = 6

N required :=

Lp
Jointsrounded Lj

N rounded := ceil( N required)

N required = 218.579

N rounded = 219

Page 4 of 5

2.5 Check Final Anode Thickness

Steel Surface Area Protectable per Anode

Acmc := D (Jointsrounded Lj )

Acmc = 62.803 m

Current Demand for Surface Area to be

Protected per Anode

Icmc := Acmc fcmt i cmt

Icmc = 0.452 A

Mass of Anode Used to Protect the Surface

Area

mused :=

Remaining Mass per Anode (Final Anode

Mass)

mfinal := ma - mused

Final Anode Volume

Vol final :=

Final Anode Thickness

t af :=

Icmc t f

mused = 29.708 kg

mfinal

mfinal = 8.292 kg

-3 3

Vol final = 3.071 10

Volfinal

t af = 9.643 mm

SAaf

(ODf - D - 2 tc)

Final Anode Thickness requirement

t af_req :=

Check Final Anode Thickness

Check_taf := if( taf t af_req , "OK" , "Not OK" )

t af_req = 4.419 mm

Check_taf = "OK"

Page 5 of 5

23 - 41 Willowdale Place, Aberdeen, AB24 5AQ

AF Defender Rigid Pipe Aluminium Bracelet Anodes B1

Examples
Anode
Code
(A =Al
Bracelet
Wt x 10 )

Anode ID
(mm)
(NB pipe)
D double, SSingle band

Anode
OD
(mm)

O/all
Length
(mm)

Anode
Weight
(Nett kg/
Gross kg)

AFA B 200

(4) 118 D

198

416

20/25

AFA B 126

(6) 170 S

250

235

12.6/16

AFA B 186

(6) 170 S

250

368

18.6/16

AFA B 235

(8) 225 D

315

410

23.5 / 28.4

AFA B 333

(8) 223.5

303.5

475

33.3/37.7

(10) 280 S

360

325

28 /35

(10) 280 D

360

450

38/35

(12) 328 S

408

290

29.2 / 34

(12) 328 S

408

425

42 / 46

AFA B1200

(16) 410 D

492

800

120/ 135

AFA B350

(16) 435 D

515

280

35/47.5

AFA B610

(20) 512 D

592

450

61/85

AFA B520

(20) 520 D

610

315

55/69

AFA B550

(20) 550 D

640

300

55 / 70

AFA B570

(22) 570 D

660

295

55/71

(10) 286
Rubber lined,
40mm to363 D
Hinged

453

680

75/90

AFA B 280
AFA B 380
AFA B 292
AFA B 400

AFA B790

Design
Examples

Rigid pipes

.Fully Bolt on gusseted

bands
(Single, S or Double, D)
Tapered ends
Continuity straps;
Epoxy coat inside
neoprene liner optional

Example: High temp pipe anode

heavy rubber lined to order

* All weights and dimensions are nominal

Material Specification:
AF Defender G3 AF Al-Zn-In-Si anode alloy
Fe
Si
Cu
Zn
In
Others
Al
0.12 max.
0.08-0.21
0.006 max.
2.8 6.5
0.01 0.02
0.02 max
remainder
Potential 1.09* Volts Ag/AgCl
Capacity (Amp Hrs) 2540* per Kg min Density 2750Kg/m3

* AFDefender G3 alloy performance Data for long term test by DNV Certificate No S-5615 to DNV RP B401 Appendix B

Aluminium and Zinc Castings Aluminium Offshore Anodes Zinc & Al Marine Hull Anodes
Tank Anodes Pipeline Anodes Down-hole Centralisers and Clamps Ballast Weights
AFA Bracelet Anodes Sheet B 1 Rigid Pipes taper NEW sept 09 to Ab internet (2).doc