Chapter 09 Alternative Formulation of the Stiffness Method

Summary, Examples, and Exercises

1.

Step 1: Draw Analytical Model

NDOF, NR, NC

a) Identify

dR
Note:
therefore,

b) Define the Joint Load Vector,

2.

a) Incorporate the effects of settlements

k, K

i) Define any Transformation Vector, T , if required

b) Global and Local Fixed-End Forces Vector,

Qf , Ff
c) Reactions Vector,
3.

Step 6: Solve for Joint Displacements Vector,

d
P Pe S FR dR Sd
d

Step 3: Define the stiffness matrix for the

structure coordinates,

S
S

S NCNC

7.

c) Define

coordinates,

Pf

NC1

dR

R
8.

Step
8:
Define
the
Member
End
Displacements and End Forces
Note: Careful attention should be considered when
defining the global member end displacement vector

Pf

a) Define the Global Member End Displacement

Rf

Vector, v (relation exist with d )

b) Define the Local Member End Displacement

a) Store elements from

Ff i

for each member in

Pf

and

5.

Step 5: Define the support displacement

Rf

vector,

b) Substitute previous defined matrices and solve for

f
Note:
denotes the fixed-joint forces, due to
member loads, temperature changes, and fabrication
errors, at the locations, and in the directions, of the
structure coordinates.

d NCx1

Step 4: Define the Fixed-Joint Forces

Pf

a) Define the joint displacements vector for all

S RF S RR

S RF NRNDOF
S RR NRNR

b) Define

Step 7: Solve for Reactions Vector,

R R f S RF d S RR dR

S FR

S FR NDOFNR

a) Define

4.

6.

a) Substitute previous defined matrices and solve for

c) Structure's Stiffness Vector,

if there are no settlements,

R R f S RF d
P Pe Sd

Step 2: Define the following

a) Local and Global Stiffness Vector,

dR

Example 9.1 Alternative Formulation Method

Vector,

F
d) Solve for Q
T
Recall, K T kT
c) Solve for

Objective
Determine the joint displacements, member local end forces, and support reactions for the plane
frame below, due to the combined effect of the loading shown and a settlement of 25mm of the left
support. Use the alternative formulation of the matrix stiffness method. Use results from Example 6.6

From Example 6.6

5
4
46137
90225

90225
181477

K 1 3077
1538
46137 90225

90225 181477
3077
1538

0.44721 0.89443
0.89443 0.44721

0
0
T1
0
0

0
0

0
0

CN
4
1538 90225 181477 1538
5

15384
3077
1538
7692
6
3077
46137
90225
3077
1

1538 90225
181477 1538 2
7692
3077
1538 15384
3
6

3077 46137

0
0
1
0
0
0

90225

3077

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.44721 0.89443 0
0.89443 0.44721 0

0
0
1
0

1
2
3
7
8
9
CN

253333
0
0
253333
0
0
1

0
1433.33
4300
0
1433.33 4300
2

K2 k2
0
4300
17200
0
4300
8600
3
253333
0
0
253.333
0
0
7

0
1433.33 4300
0
1433.33 4300 8

0
4300
8600
0
4300
17200
9

2
3
CN
1
299470 90225 3077
1

S
;
90225 182910 2762
2

2762 32584 3
3077

0 4
150 5

112.5 6
Ff 1
;
0 1
150 2

112.5 3

Ff 2 Q f 2

0 1
50 2

50 3

0 7
50 8

50 9

101.17 4
340.24 5

0 1
101.50 6

P f 200 2 ;
R

101.18 7
62.5 3
59.76 8

71.33 9
By storing the element of the member global stiffness matrices K 1 and K 2 , calculated in Example
6.6, in their proper positions in the 9x9 structure stiffness matrix S , we obtain in units of kilo-Newtons
and meters, the following stiffness matrix for all the structure coordinates.

Stiffness Matrix for all the Structure Coordinates

S FR 3x 6

S RF 6 x3

S RR 6 x 6

5
6
7
8
9
CN
4
46137 90225 3077 253333
0
0
1

90225 181477 1538

0
1433.33 4300 2

1538
7692
0
4300 8600 3
3077

1
2
3
CN

46137 90225 3077 4

90225 181477 1538

5

3077
1538
7692
6
253333
0
0
7

0
1433.33 4300 8

0
4300
8600
9

5
6
7
8
9
CN
4
46137 90225 3077
0
0
0
4

90225 181477 1538

0
0
0
5

3077 1538 15384

0
0
0
6
0
0
0
253.333
0
0
7

0
0
0
1433.33 4300 8
0
0
0
0
0
4300 17200
9

Therefore,

S
S
S RF

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
CN

299470
90225
3077 46137 90225 3077 253333
0
0
1

90225
182910
2762 90225 181477 1538
0
1433.33 4300
2

2762
32584 3077
1538
7692
0
4300
8600
3
3077
S FR 46137 90225 3077 46137
90225 3077
0
0
0
4

S RR 90225 181477 1538

90225
181477
1538
0
0
0
5
3077
1538
7692
3077
1538
15384
0
0
0
6

0
0
0
0
0
253.333
0
0
7
253333

0
1433.33 4300
0
0
0
0
1433.33 4300 8

0
4300
8600
0
0
0
0
4300
17200
9

Structure fixed-Joint Force Vector Due to Member Loads

f 9 x1

Pf

R f

0 1
P f 3x1 200 2 ;
62.5 3

Therefore,
0 1
200 2

62.5 3

0 4
P f 150 5

112.5 6
0 7

50 8

50 9

Joint Load Vector

0 1
P 0 2
125 3

0 4
150 5

112.5 6
R f 6 x1

0 7
50 8

50 9

Support Displacement Vector

0 4
0.025 5

0 6
dR

0 7
0 8

0 9

Joint Displacements

P Pe S FR dR Sd
0
0.025
299470 90225 3077 d
0 46137 90225 3077 253333
0
0
0
1
0
0 1 200 90225 181477 1538

d
0

1433
.
33
4300

90225
182910
2762

0 3077
125

d 3

62
.
5

3077
1538
7692
0

4300
8600
2762
32584

0
0.025
2255. 6
0
0
46137 90225 3077 253333
0
90225 181477 1538

0
1433.33 4300
4536.9

0
38. 45
3077
1538
7692
0
4300 8600

0
0 2255. 6 2255. 6
0
0 1 200 4536. 9 4736. 9

125

62
.
5

38
.
45

24
.
05

Therefore,

2255. 6 299470 90225 3077 d1

4736. 9 90225 182910 2762 d

2 , Solution is:
24. 05 3077
2762 32584 d 3
The joints displacements vector can be defined as
4
m 1
d1 3. 079 7 10

2
d d 2 2. 607110 m 2
d 3 1. 442 8 10 3 rad 3

(Note: Same results as for Example 7.4)

3. 079 7 104

2
2. 6071 10
1. 442 8 10 3

Joint Displacement Vector for All the Coordinates

3. 079 7 10 4
2. 607 1 10
1. 442 8 10
d 9x1

d
dR

1
2
3

0. 025

Support Reactions

R R f S RF d S RR dR
0
0
0 0
0 46137 90225 3077
46137 90225 3077
150 90225 181477 1538
90225 181477 1538
0
0
0 0.025

3. 079 7 10 4
112.5 3077
3077 1538 15384
1538
7692
0
0
0 0
2
R

2. 607 1 10

253333
0
0
0
0
0
253
.
333
0
0 0

1. 442 8 10 3
0
50
0
1433.33 4300
0
0
0
1433.33 4300 0

0
4300
8600
0
0
0
4300 17200 0
50
0

Therefore,
77. 983 kN 4
318. 79 kN 5

126.19 kN m 6
R

78. 019 kN 7
81.164 kN 8

149. 70 kN m 9
Member End Displacements and End Forces
Member 1
2. 2361 10 2
0
v1 4 d 4

v
0.025
0.01118
2 5 d 5

v 6 d

0
0
;
u1 T1 v1
v1 3 6

4
2
2.3181 10
v4 1 d1 3. 079 7 10
1.1935 10 2
v5 2 d 2. 607110 2
2

3
1. 4428 10 3
v6 3 d3 1. 442 8 10

We now solve the force end forces vector

F1 K1 v 1 Ff1
90225 3077 46137 90225 3077
0
46137
0 77.983 4
90225

150 318. 79 5
181477
1538

90225

181477
1538

0
.
025

3077
112.5 126.19 6
1538
15384
3077
1538
7692
0
F1

46137
90225
3077 3. 079 7 10 4 0 77.983 1
46137 90225 3077
90225 181477 1538 90225
181477 1538 2. 607110 2 150 18. 794 2

1538
7692
3077
1538 15384 1. 4428 10 3 112.5 87. 709 3
3077
Now, we solve for the local members end-forces vector
0
0
0 77.983 320. 01 kN
0.447 21 0.894 43 0
0.894 43 0.447 21 0
0
0
0 318. 79 72.816 kN

0
0
1.0
0
0
0 126.19 126.19 kN m
Q1 T1F1

0
0
0
0.447 21 0.894 43 0 77.983 51. 685 kN

0
0
0 0.894 43 0.447 21 0 18. 794 61.345 kN

0
0
0
0
0
1.0 87. 709 87. 709 kN m

Member 2

F2 K2 v 2 Ff2 Q2 Horizontal_Member
v1 d1 3. 079 7 104 1
v
2
2 d 2 2. 607 1 10 2
v d 1. 442 8 10 3 3
u 2 v 2 3 3

0
7
v7 d 7
8
v8 d
0

8
0
9
v9 d9

0
0
253333
0
0 3. 079 7 10 4 0 78. 019 kN
253333

0
1433.33
4300
0
1433.33 4300 2. 607 1 10 2 50 18. 836 kN

0
4300
17200
0
4300
8600 1. 442 8 10 3 50 37. 289 kN m
Q2

0
0
253.333
0
0
0
0 78. 019 kN
253333
50 81.164 kN

0
1433.33 4300
0
1433.33 4300
0

0
4300
8600
0
4300
17200
0

50 149. 70 kN m

Note: As expected, the foregoing member local end force vectors

to those calculated in Example 7.4

Q1 and Q2 are identical