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The document discusses three key concepts related to triangles: 1) Similarity of triangles is defined as having equal corresponding angles and proportional corresponding sides. Illustrations of similar shapes are provided. 2) It is proven that for similar triangles, the ratio of corresponding medians is equal to the ratio of corresponding sides. 3) Pythagoras' theorem is proven, stating that for a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. The converse is also true.

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Ankit Kumar
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44 views14 pages

Loading 100%

The document discusses three key concepts related to triangles: 1) Similarity of triangles is defined as having equal corresponding angles and proportional corresponding sides. Illustrations of similar shapes are provided. 2) It is proven that for similar triangles, the ratio of corresponding medians is equal to the ratio of corresponding sides. 3) Pythagoras' theorem is proven, stating that for a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. The converse is also true.

Uploaded by

Ankit Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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School
Kudi Bhagatasani,
Jodhpur(Rajasthan)
Maths Project 20112012

Triangles

Principal Maam :-Mrs.Renu


Rampal

Submitted To :-Mr.
Anand Sir

Content
1) Concept of Similarity
2) Ratio of corresponding
Medians
3) Pythagoras Theorem

Concept of similarity
ILLUSTRATION 1 - Any two line segments are always similar but they need not
be congruent. They are congruent, if their lengths are equal.

ILLUSTRATION 2 - Any two circles are similar but not necessarily


congruent. They are congruent if their radii are equal.

ILLUSTRATION 3 - {1} Any two squares are similar.


{2} Any two equilateral triangles are similar.

Fig. {1}

Fig. {2}

SIMILAR TRIANGLES AND THEIR PROPERTIES

Definition :- Two triangles are said to be


similar, if their
{1} Corresponding angles are equal.
{2} Corresponding sides are

Ratio of corresponding Medians


If two triangles are equiangular, prove that the ratio of the corresponding
sides is same as the ratio of the corresponding medians.
GIVEN :- Two triangles ABC and DEF in which A = D , B = E , C =
F, AP and DQ are their medians.
D
A

TO PROVE BC EF = AP DQ
PROOF Since equiangular triangles are similar.
ABC

DEF

AB DE = BC EF

...(i)

are

AB DE = 2BP 2EQ { P and Q are mid- points of BC and EF


respectively }
{ BC = 2BP and EF = 2 EQ }

AB DE = BP EQ
Now, in ABP And DEQ , we have
AB DE = BP EQ
B=E

[From (ii)]
[Given]

So, by SAS- criterion of similarity, we have


ABP

DEQ

AB DE = AP DQ

...(ii)

C
D

...(iii)

From (i) and (iii), we get


BC EF = AP DQ
E

Hence, the ratio of the corresponding sides is same as the ratio of


corresponding medians

Pythagoras Theorem
In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum
of the squares of the other two sides.
Given :- a right-angled triangle ABC in which B = 90 .
To Prove :- (Hypotenuse)2 = (Base)2 + (perpendicular) 2
i.e., AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2
Construction :- From B draw BD AC.
B

A
D
Proof :- In triangles ADB and ABC, we have
ABD = ABC
A= A

[ Each equal to 90 ]

So, by AA- similarity criterion, we have


ADB

ABC

AD AB = AB AC
[ In similar triangle corresponding
sides are proportional.]
AB 2 = AD AC

...(i)

In triangles BDC and ABC, we have

BDC = ABC
C = C

B
[Each equal to 90]
[Common]

So, by AA-similarity criterion, we have


BDC

ABC

DC BC = BC AC
[ In a similar triangles corresponding
sides are proportional ]
BC 2 = AC DC
Adding equations (i) and (ii) , we get

...(ii)

AB + BC

= AD AC + AC DC
2

AB + BC = AC (AD +DC)
AB + BC = AC AC
2

AB + BC = AC
2

Hence, AC = AB + BC

2 A

The converse of the above theorem is also


true.

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