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IP Addressing and Subnetting PDF

The document discusses IP addressing and subnetting. It defines IP addresses, network addresses, broadcast addresses, and subnet masks. It provides examples of class A, B and C networks and their subnet masks. Common subnet masks like /24, /26, and /30 are explained along with how they divide the available addresses and networks. The key concepts covered are IP addressing fundamentals, classes of networks, subnetting, and subnet mask bitmath calculations.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Bahaa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
281 views25 pages

IP Addressing and Subnetting PDF

The document discusses IP addressing and subnetting. It defines IP addresses, network addresses, broadcast addresses, and subnet masks. It provides examples of class A, B and C networks and their subnet masks. Common subnet masks like /24, /26, and /30 are explained along with how they divide the available addresses and networks. The key concepts covered are IP addressing fundamentals, classes of networks, subnetting, and subnet mask bitmath calculations.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Bahaa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IP Addressing and Subnetting

.
IP address
.
:
.

1- Bit

Octet.
:

bit 8

2- Byte

Network address
3.192.168.10.0 172.16.0.0 10.0.0.0
Broadcast address
: 10.255.255.255

octet

4-

172.16.255.255 :
172.16.0.0
.10.0.0.0

byte

bit 32

.172.16.30.56 :

IP address
:
1-

.10101100.00010000.00011110.00111000 :
Windows Registry.

: AC 10 1E 38

23-

.
IP
192.168.1.2
192.168.1
.3

192.168.1.3
host address

Class A network.
Class C network.

node address

Class B network.
.

:
1

8
:
:
128

64

32

16

:1

00100110
2 + 4 + 32 = 38

:1

:
01010101
1+4+16+64 = 85

:
00001111 = 15
10001100 = 140
11001100 = 204
:
00000000 = 0
10000000 = 128
11000000 = 192
11100000 = 224
11110000 = 240
11111000 = 248
11111100 = 252
11111110 = 254
11111111 = 255

: Class A
byte
127 0

bit
Class A

Class A

0
:
00000000
:
01111111
:
00000000 = 0
01111111 = 127
Class A.

127 0

IP

: Class B
Class

byte

bit
0

1
.191 = 10111111

B
10000000 = 128

: Class C
1
192 = 11000000

0
= 223. 11011111

223

:
Cisco

routers

0.0.0.0
1default route

.
.

nodes

255.255.255.255
0
:

2-

IP
3128.2.0.0 128.2.255.255 :
192.168.1.0 128.2.0.0
192.168.1.0 192.168.1.255
128.2.255.255 192.168.1.255
255

255

IP

4.0.1.5.3 :
127.0.0.1
.

A, B , C.
A:
Class A
:

5-

49

: 49.22.102.70

IP

Network.node.node.node
22.102.70
.49

127 0
126

127

0
Class A.

24
Class A

Class A

IP

node
24 ^ 2

0
.16.777,214 = 2

16,777,216
255

24^2
10
Class A
network address

broadcast address

10.0.0.0 ( Network address).


10.255.255.255 ( Broadcast address).
.10.255.255.254

10.0.0.1

IP
B:
Class B
:

172.16

: 172.16.30.56

IP

Network.Network.node.node
30.56

.
2^14=16,384

16
.191.255
16

128.0

14

Class B IP
65,534 = 2 16^2

0
node
).255

broadcast address

172.16
Class B
network address

172.16.0.0 ( Network address).


172.16.255.255 ( Broadcast address).
172.16.0.1

IP
.172.16.255.254
C:
Class C
:

: 192.168.100.102

IP
.

102

2^21=2,097,152

Network.Network.Network.node
192.168.100

C
24

.223.255.255
8
0

192.0.0

Class C
254 = 2 8^2

IP

21

3
110

node
255).

broadcast address

192.168.100
network address

Class C
:

192.168.100.0 ( Network address).


192.168.100.255 ( Broadcast address).
192.168.100.1

IP
.192.168.100.254

Subnetting

:
1.
.
.
IP
.

23-

:
.

1-

2-

Subnet Masks
IP

32
.
1

0 1
.

.
:

subnet mask
.

255
C

.
8
subnet

IP
:

masks

128
.
.

254

1
11111111.11111111.11111111.0
.

26/

255.255.255.192

255.255.255.0
/24. 1

:
255.255.255.192
192 = 11000000
.
:

1
01000000 = 64
10000000 = 128
128

(1

192 128
broadcast address (
:

64
(

128 64
)

.
:
:
1:
=
subnets= 2^x -2
:

1100000

2^2 2 = 4-2 = 2

2:
hosts = 2^x - 2
:

11000000
.

62

2^6 2 = 64 2 = 62

364

192

64 = 192 256
128

256

1
.128 64
broadcast address
1
IP

192
.191

4-

127
5.

192

:
) 64
126

65

)
) 127

)
)

).
) :27/) 255.255.255.224
255.255.255.224

192.168.10.0
:

3^ 2

11100000

224

:
.

.
32
160 = 32 + 128

30 = 2

5^ 2 =

32 = 224 256
= 12832 + 96
+ 32 = 9664
(
224 = 32 + 192
.192 160 128 96 64 32 :

16=
23-

64 = 32+32
192 = 32 + 160
(1

45.
5 4

:
) :28/) 255.255.255.240
:
.

255.255.255.240

14 = 2 4^2 =

192.168.10.0
11110000

= 14 2

240

1-

4^ 2 =

2-

16 +16 =32. 32 +16 : 16


16 = 240 256 :
3=48. 48 +16=64. 64 +16 =80. 80 +16 =96. 96 +16 =112. 112 +16 =128. 128+16 =144.
144 +16 =160. 160 +16 =176. 176 +16 =192. 192 +16 =208. 208 +16 =224. 224 +16
=240
:
240
16, 32, 48, 64, 80, 96,112, 128, 144, 160, 176, 192, 208, 224.

45.
5 4

:
) :29/) 255.255.255.248
:
.

255.255.255.248

30 = 2 5^2 =

192.168.10.0
11111000

6=2

3^ 2 =

248

12-

8 = 248

256 :

3-

8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96, 104, 112, 120, 128, 136, 144,152, 160, 168,
176, 184, 192, 200, 208, 216, 224, 232, 240.

45.
5 4

:
) :30/) 255.255.255.252
:

255.255.255.252

192.168.10.0
.62 =

.248

1-

.2 =

2-

12 8 4 :

3-

45.
5 4

:
) :25/) 255.255.255.128

126

.
Cisco

CCNA

:
.x 12

router
Cisco IOS

ip subnet-zero (
).

10000000

128

128
128

128
:

255.255.255.128
192.168.10.189

128

192.168.10.5

IP
192.168.10.0
.192.168.10.128

[TABLE=width:70%;][CELL=filter: glow(color=orange,strength=5);]

:
[/CELL][/TABLE]

255.255.255.224 :

: 192.168.10.33

IP

64 = 32 +32 32 = 224-256 :
192.168.10.32
64 32
:
192.168.10.63 !!

64

: 255.255.255.240

32
.192.168.10.47

192.168.10.33 :

IP

48 =16+32 32 = 16 +16 16 = 240-256 :


192.168.10.32

48

:
255.255.255.252 :

192.168.10.16

IP : 192.168.10.17

20 16 12 8
256 252= 4
.192.168.10.19
B.

B
:

host addressing
.

16

14

B
:

255

) :18/) 255.255.192.0
255.255.192.0 :

172.16.0.0 :
:
11000000.00000000 :

192.0

:
.2 = 2

.128.0 64.0 :

) 16.382 = 2 14^2 :
).
0
128 = 64 + 64 64 = 192 -256 :
.
.

12^ 2 =
2-

8
345-

:
) :20/) 255.255.240.0
.255.255.240.0 :

172.16.0.0 :
.14 = 2 4^2 :

1-

.4094 = 2 12^2 :
.224

48 32

16 = 240
.

2256 :

3-

4-

5-

:
) :23/) 255.255.254.0

:23/
.126 = 2 7^2 :
.510 = 2 9^2 :
.252

8 6 4

2 = 254
.
.

12-

256 :
.

345-

:
) :24/) 255.255.255.0

:24/
.254 = 2 8^2 :

1-

.254 = 2- 8^2 :
.254

234

1 = 255
.

2256 :

3-

4-

5-

:
) :25/) 255.255.255.128

.510 = 2 9^2 :
.126 = 2 7^2 :
3

1 = 255

256

2:

1-

1.0 0.128 :
.255.0

2.128 2.0 1.128

.
.

4-

5-

:
) :26/) 255.255.255.192
.1022 = 2

10^2 :

1-

.62 = 2 6^2 :
-256 :

2-

3 2 1 =255-256 :

3128 64 = 192

)
192

(1

)255

)1
.

4-

5-

:
) :27/) 255.255.255.224

.2046 = 2

11^2 :

1-

.30 = 2 5^2 :
256 :
0

3 2 1 =255-256 :
224 0

:
3. 192 160 128 96 64 32 = 224
.255
.

2-

4-

5:

[TABLE=width:70%;][CELL=filter: glow(color=orange,strength=7);]

:
[/CELL][/TABLE]

.
172.16.10.33 :

: 255.255.255.224

IP

:
32 + 32 = 64

224 = 32256 :

.10.63 :

10.32

64 32

255.255.255.192 :

172.16.90.66 :
:

33
IP

= 128 64 + 64 64 = 192 256 :


172.16.90.127.
255.255.255.224 :

:
172.16.90.64

172.16.50.97 :
:

IP

128 96 64 32 = 224 256 :


172.16.50.127.
255.255.255.192 :

64

10

12 8 4 = 252

A.

172.16.10.10 :
:

IP

:
172.16.10.0

172.16.10.10 :
:

IP

256 :
.172.16.10.11
B
A:

:
172.16.50.96

64 = 192 256 :
172.16.10.63.

5.252255.255.25 :

:
172.16.10.8

host addressing
.

24

22

B C

A
255
:
) :16/) 255.255.0.0

255.255.0.0 :

10.0.0.0

A
: 2^8 2 = 254.

1-

.65.534 = 2 16^2 :
: 10.1.0.0

2-

. 3 2 1 = 255 - 256 :
10.254.0.0 .
10.3.0.0
.
.

10.2.0.0

4-

5-

:
) :20/) 255.255.240.0
.4094 = 2

12^2 :

1-

.4094 = 2 12^2 :
16 = 240 -256 :

3 2 1 =255-256 :

2:
.

348 32

240

(1

).255

)1
.

4-

5-

:
) :26/) 255.255.255.192
.262.142 = 2

18^2 :

1-

.62 = 2 6^2 :
:

2-

3 2 1 =255-256 :

:
128

64 = 192

3256

192
)1
).255
.
.

45-

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