function [ CC, FBE, frames ] = mfcc( speech, fs, Tw, Ts, alpha, window, R, M, N,

L )
% MFCC Mel frequency cepstral coefficient feature extraction.
%
% MFCC(S,FS,TW,TS,ALPHA,WINDOW,R,M,N,L) returns mel frequency
% cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) computed from speech signal given
% in vector S and sampled at FS (Hz). The speech signal is first
% preemphasised using a first order FIR filter with preemphasis
% coefficient ALPHA. The preemphasised speech signal is subjected
% to the short-time Fourier transform analysis with frame durations
% of TW (ms), frame shifts of TS (ms) and analysis window function
% given as a function handle in WINDOW. This is followed by magnitude
% spectrum computation followed by filterbank design with M triangular
% filters uniformly spaced on the mel scale between lower and upper
% frequency limits given in R (Hz). The filterbank is applied to
% the magnitude spectrum values to produce filterbank energies (FBEs)
% (M per frame). Log-compressed FBEs are then decorrelated using the
% discrete cosine transform to produce cepstral coefficients. Final
% step applies sinusoidal lifter to produce liftered MFCCs that
% closely match those produced by HTK [1].
%
% [CC,FBE,FRAMES]=MFCC(...) also returns FBEs and windowed frames,
% with feature vectors and frames as columns.
%
% This framework is based on Dan Ellis' rastamat routines [2]. The
% emphasis is placed on closely matching MFCCs produced by HTK [1]
% (refer to p.337 of [1] for HTK's defaults) with simplicity and
% compactness as main considerations, but at a cost of reduced
% flexibility. This routine is meant to be easy to extend, and as
% a starting point for work with cepstral coefficients in MATLAB.
% The triangular filterbank equations are given in [3].
%
% Inputs
%
S is the input speech signal (as vector)
%
%
FS is the sampling frequency (Hz)
%
%
TW is the analysis frame duration (ms)
%
%
TS is the analysis frame shift (ms)
%
%
ALPHA is the preemphasis coefficient
%
%
WINDOW is a analysis window function handle
%
%
R is the frequency range (Hz) for filterbank analysis
%
%
M is the number of filterbank channels
%
%
N is the number of cepstral coefficients
%
(including the 0th coefficient)
%
%
L is the liftering parameter
%
% Outputs
%
CC is a matrix of mel frequency cepstral coefficients
%
(MFCCs) with feature vectors as columns
%
%
FBE is a matrix of filterbank energies
%
with feature vectors as columns

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FRAMES is a matrix of windowed frames

(one frame per column)
Example
Tw = 25;
% analysis frame duration (ms)
Ts = 10;
% analysis frame shift (ms)
alpha = 0.97;
% preemphasis coefficient
R = [ 300 3700 ]; % frequency range to consider
M = 20;
% number of filterbank channels
C = 13;
% number of cepstral coefficients
L = 22;
% cepstral sine lifter parameter
% hamming window (see Eq. (5.2) on p.73 of [1])
hamming = @(N)(0.54-0.46*cos(2*pi*[0:N-1].'/(N-1)));
% Read speech samples, sampling rate and precision from file
[ speech, fs, nbits ] = wavread( 'sp10.wav' );
% Feature extraction (feature vectors as columns)
[ MFCCs, FBEs, frames ] = ...
mfcc( speech, fs, Tw, Ts, alpha, hamming, R, M, C, L

);
%
%
% Plot cepstrum over time
%
figure('Position', [30 100 800 200], 'PaperPositionMode', 'auto', ..
.
%
'color', 'w', 'PaperOrientation', 'landscape', 'Visible', 'on
' );
%
%
imagesc( [1:size(MFCCs,2)], [0:C-1], MFCCs );
%
axis( 'xy' );
%
xlabel( 'Frame index' );
%
ylabel( 'Cepstrum index' );
%
title( 'Mel frequency cepstrum' );
%
% References
%
%
[1] Young, S., Evermann, G., Gales, M., Hain, T., Kershaw, D.,
%
Liu, X., Moore, G., Odell, J., Ollason, D., Povey, D.,
%
Valtchev, V., Woodland, P., 2006. The HTK Book (for HTK
%
Version 3.4.1). Engineering Department, Cambridge University.
%
(see also: http://htk.eng.cam.ac.uk)
%
%
[2] Ellis, D., 2005. Reproducing the feature outputs of
%
common programs using Matlab and melfcc.m. url:
%
http://labrosa.ee.columbia.edu/matlab/rastamat/mfccs.html
%
%
[3] Huang, X., Acero, A., Hon, H., 2001. Spoken Language
%
Processing: A guide to theory, algorithm, and system
%
development. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ,
%
USA (pp. 314-315).
%
% See also EXAMPLE, COMPARE, FRAMES2VEC, TRIFBANK.
%

Author: Kamil Wojcicki, September 2011

%% PRELIMINARIES

% Ensure correct number of inputs

if( nargin~= 10 ), help mfcc; return; end;
% Explode samples to the range of 16 bit shorts
if( max(abs(speech))<=1 ), speech = speech * 2^15; end;
Nw = round( 1E-3*Tw*fs );
Ns = round( 1E-3*Ts*fs );

% frame duration (samples)

% frame shift (samples)

nfft = 2^nextpow2( Nw );
K = nfft/2+1;

% length of FFT analysis

% length of the unique part of the FFT

%% HANDY INLINE FUNCTION HANDLES

% Forward and backward mel frequency warping (see Eq. (5.13) on p.76 of [1])
% Note that base 10 is used in [1], while base e is used here and in HTK cod
e
hz2mel = @( hz )( 1127*log(1+hz/700) );
% Hertz to mel warping function
mel2hz = @( mel )( 700*exp(mel/1127)-700 ); % mel to Hertz warping function
% Type III DCT matrix routine (see Eq. (5.14) on p.77 of [1])
dctm = @( N, M )( sqrt(2.0/M) * cos( repmat([0:N-1].',1,M) ...
.* repmat(pi*([1:M]-0.5)/M,N,1) ) );
% Cepstral lifter routine (see Eq. (5.12) on p.75 of [1])
ceplifter = @( N, L )( 1+0.5*L*sin(pi*[0:N-1]/L) );
%% FEATURE EXTRACTION
% Preemphasis filtering (see Eq. (5.1) on p.73 of [1])
speech = filter( [1 -alpha], 1, speech ); % fvtool( [1 -alpha], 1 );
% Framing and windowing (frames as columns)
frames = vec2frames( speech, Nw, Ns, 'cols', window, false );
% Magnitude spectrum computation (as column vectors)
MAG = abs( fft(frames,nfft,1) );
% Triangular filterbank with uniformly spaced filters on mel scale
H = trifbank( M, K, R, fs, hz2mel, mel2hz ); % size of H is M x K
% Filterbank application to unique part of the magnitude spectrum
FBE = H * MAG(1:K,:); % FBE( FBE<1.0 ) = 1.0; % apply mel floor
% DCT matrix computation
DCT = dctm( N, M );
% Conversion of logFBEs to cepstral coefficients through DCT
CC = DCT * log( FBE );
% Cepstral lifter computation
lifter = ceplifter( N, L );
% Cepstral liftering gives liftered cepstral coefficients
CC = diag( lifter ) * CC; % ~ HTK's MFCCs

% EOF

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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% MFCC EXAMPLE %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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Example
Tw = 25;
% analysis frame duration (ms)
Ts = 10;
% analysis frame shift (ms)
alpha = 0.97;
% preemphasis coefficient
R = [ 300 3700 ]; % frequency range to consider
M = 20;
% number of filterbank channels
C = 13;
% number of cepstral coefficients
L = 22;
% cepstral sine lifter parameter
% hamming window (see Eq. (5.2) on p.73 of [1])
hamming = @(N)(0.54-0.46*cos(2*pi*[0:N-1].'/(N-1)));
% Read speech samples, sampling rate and precision from file
[ speech, fs, nbits ] = wavread( 'sp10.wav' );
% Feature extraction (feature vectors as columns)
[ MFCCs, FBEs, frames ] = ...
mfcc( speech, fs, Tw, Ts, alpha, hamming, R, M, C, L
% Plot cepstrum over time
figure('Position', [30 100 800 200], 'PaperPositionMode', 'auto', ..
'color', 'w', 'PaperOrientation', 'landscape', 'Visible', 'on
imagesc( [1:size(MFCCs,2)], [0:C-1], MFCCs );
axis( 'xy' );
xlabel( 'Frame index' );
ylabel( 'Cepstrum index' );
title( 'Mel frequency cepstrum' );

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%EBOARD CODE FOR MCCF %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
AI=analoginput('winsound',1);
addchannel(AI,1);
set(AI,'samplerate',16000);
set(AI,'samplespertrigger',2*16000);
set(AI,'triggertype','immediate');
start(AI);
data=getdata(AI);
fs=16000;
%file = sprintf('%s%d.wav','database_new kar',i);
%%wavwrite(data,16000,file);
%% Computing MFCC Co-efficients..
%% (1) Frame Blocking..
N = 256; % N point FFT

M = 100;

% Overlapping

NN = floor(N/2+1); %N/2
nbFrames = ceil((length(data)-N)/M);
Frames = zeros(nbFrames+1,N);
for i = 0:nbFrames-1
temp = data(i*M+1:i*M+N);
Frames(i+1,1:N) = temp;
end
% Last Frame..
temp = zeros(1,N);
lastLength = length(data)- nbFrames*M;
temp(1:lastLength) = data(nbFrames*M+1:(nbFrames*M +1 + lastLength-1));
Frames(nbFrames+1, 1:N) = temp;
%% (2) Windowing..
frameSize = size(Frames);
nbFrames = frameSize(1);
nbSamples = frameSize(2);
% Hamming window..
w = hamming(nbSamples);
Windows = zeros(nbFrames,nbSamples);
for i = 1:nbFrames
temp = Frames(i,1:nbSamples);
Windows(i, 1:nbSamples) = w'.*temp;
end
%% (3) Fourier Transform..
ffts = fft(Windows');
%% (4) Mel-frequency Wrapping..
% (a) Calculate Power spectrum..
PowSpecs = abs(ffts).^2;
PowSpecs = PowSpecs(1:NN-1,:);
% (b) Mel filter generation
nof_c = 20; % Number of channels..
df = fs/N;
Nmax = N/2;
fmax = fs/2;
% Convert to mel scale..
melmax = 2595*log10(1+fmax/700);
melinc = melmax/(nof_c+1);
melcenters = (1:nof_c).*melinc;
% Convert to frequency scale..
fcenters = 700*((10.^(melcenters./2595))-1);
centerf = round(fcenters./df);
startf = [1,centerf(1:nof_c-1)];
stopf = [centerf(2:nof_c),Nmax];
W = zeros(nof_c,Nmax);
% Making filter..
for i = 1:nof_c
increment = 1.0/(centerf(i)-startf(i));
for j = startf(i):centerf(i)

W(i,j) = (j-startf(i))*increment;
end
decrement = 1.0/(stopf(i)-centerf(i));
for j = centerf(i):stopf(i)
W(i,j) = (j-centerf(i))*decrement;
end
end
% Normalising..
for i = 1:nof_c
W(i,:) = W(i,:)/sum(W(i,:));
end
% (c) Apply mel filters to Power spectrum coeffs..
melPowSpecs = W*PowSpecs;
% (d) MFCC calculations..
melCeps = dct(log(melPowSpecs));
melCeps(1,:) = [];
load CodeBook
dist_min = inf;
spkr = 0;
for ind = 1:length(codebook)
single_cb = codebook{ind};
[M1, N1] = size(melCeps);
[M2, N2] = size(single_cb);
dist_temp = zeros(N1,N2);
if N1<N2
repli = zeros(1,N2);
for n1 = 1:N1
dist_temp(n1,:) = sum((melCeps(:,n1+repli) - single_cb).^2,1);
end
else
repli = zeros(1,N1);
for n2 = 1:N2
dist_temp(:,n2) = sum((melCeps - single_cb(:,n2+repli)).^2,1);
end
end
dist_temp = sqrt(dist_temp);
dist_val(ind) = sum(min(dist_temp,[],2))/size(dist_temp,1);
if dist_val(ind) < dist_min
dist_min = dist_val(ind);
spkr = ind;
end
end
msg = sprintf('The Speaker is found);
disp(msg);
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
AI=analoginput('winsound',1);
addchannel(AI,1);
set(AI,'samplerate',16000);
set(AI,'samplespertrigger',2*16000);
set(AI,'triggertype','immediate');
start(AI);
data=getdata(AI);
fs=16000;

%file = sprintf('%s%d.wav','database_new kar',i);

%%wavwrite(data,16000,file);
%% Computing MFCC Co-efficients..
%% (1) Frame Blocking..
N = 256; % N point FFT
M = 100; % Overlapping
NN = floor(N/2+1); %N/2
nbFrames = ceil((length(data)-N)/M);
Frames = zeros(nbFrames+1,N);
for i = 0:nbFrames-1
temp = data(i*M+1:i*M+N);
Frames(i+1,1:N) = temp;
end
% Last Frame..
temp = zeros(1,N);
lastLength = length(data)- nbFrames*M;
temp(1:lastLength) = data(nbFrames*M+1:(nbFrames*M +1 + lastLength-1));
Frames(nbFrames+1, 1:N) = temp;
%% (2) Windowing..
frameSize = size(Frames);
nbFrames = frameSize(1);
nbSamples = frameSize(2);
% Hamming window..
w = hamming(nbSamples);
Windows = zeros(nbFrames,nbSamples);
for i = 1:nbFrames
temp = Frames(i,1:nbSamples);
Windows(i, 1:nbSamples) = w'.*temp;
end
%% (3) Fourier Transform..
ffts = fft(Windows');
%% (4) Mel-frequency Wrapping..
% (a) Calculate Power spectrum..
PowSpecs = abs(ffts).^2;
PowSpecs = PowSpecs(1:NN-1,:);
% (b) Mel filter generation
nof_c = 20; % Number of channels..
df = fs/N;
Nmax = N/2;
fmax = fs/2;
% Convert to mel scale..
melmax = 2595*log10(1+fmax/700);
melinc = melmax/(nof_c+1);
melcenters = (1:nof_c).*melinc;
% Convert to frequency scale..
fcenters = 700*((10.^(melcenters./2595))-1);
centerf = round(fcenters./df);
startf = [1,centerf(1:nof_c-1)];
stopf = [centerf(2:nof_c),Nmax];

W = zeros(nof_c,Nmax);
% Making filter..
for i = 1:nof_c
increment = 1.0/(centerf(i)-startf(i));
for j = startf(i):centerf(i)
W(i,j) = (j-startf(i))*increment;
end
decrement = 1.0/(stopf(i)-centerf(i));
for j = centerf(i):stopf(i)
W(i,j) = (j-centerf(i))*decrement;
end
end
% Normalising..
for i = 1:nof_c
W(i,:) = W(i,:)/sum(W(i,:));
end
% (c) Apply mel filters to Power spectrum coeffs..
melPowSpecs = W*PowSpecs;
% (d) MFCC calculations..
melCeps = dct(log(melPowSpecs));
melCeps(1,:) = [];
load CodeBook
dist_min = inf;
spkr = 0;
for ind = 1:length(codebook)
single_cb = codebook{ind};
[M1, N1] = size(melCeps);
[M2, N2] = size(single_cb);
dist_temp = zeros(N1,N2);
if N1<N2
repli = zeros(1,N2);
for n1 = 1:N1
dist_temp(n1,:) = sum((melCeps(:,n1+repli) - single_cb).^2,1);
end
else
repli = zeros(1,N1);
for n2 = 1:N2
dist_temp(:,n2) = sum((melCeps - single_cb(:,n2+repli)).^2,1);
end
end
dist_temp = sqrt(dist_temp);
dist_val(ind) = sum(min(dist_temp,[],2))/size(dist_temp,1);
if dist_val(ind) < dist_min
dist_min = dist_val(ind);
spkr = ind;
end
end
msg = sprintf('The Speaker is found);
disp(msg);