0% found this document useful (0 votes)
231 views13 pages

CH 03

(a) The document discusses lacosteal milk and its benefits for infants. It notes that lacosteal milk contains important nutrients and helps with growth. (b) It recommends exclusively breastfeeding infants for around 6 months as per WHO guidelines. Breastmilk provides optimal nutrition and protects infants from diseases. (c) The summary emphasizes that breastfeeding has both short-term nutritional benefits and long-term health advantages for babies. It promotes a healthy bonding between mother and child.

Uploaded by

sebinthomas123
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
231 views13 pages

CH 03

(a) The document discusses lacosteal milk and its benefits for infants. It notes that lacosteal milk contains important nutrients and helps with growth. (b) It recommends exclusively breastfeeding infants for around 6 months as per WHO guidelines. Breastmilk provides optimal nutrition and protects infants from diseases. (c) The summary emphasizes that breastfeeding has both short-term nutritional benefits and long-term health advantages for babies. It promotes a healthy bonding between mother and child.

Uploaded by

sebinthomas123
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

,/ \\

nDooroomcololo gE cuslasd
'*\/-' }
13

ftr.ro(@&ro. o-LojagseIlcr5 o o\qrfle:u-f1a,)


crflgagoreegc. aroba,3saf cd w afqoeg
cr>1 galget. ^4poo'l33" aroba,3sejlnd
-g)@tla(neJcowi otq e^td ancrOoiT
eraa g a1(j'b/orota.||) o -JoZ63sel
z:a acncyoflcnc @(o n1g"?

:"-7
=l N6zJe6tul
4sY#aa'
--:rx *.F* #e

LqH)'Lrd4a;1a6 oJotuqaoln) ooneilaimflo@


CoJCBJ o OAJ AAA C ffD) Oil CO A, ptrno ALLAiA>CC ptC ?

org
"o
o ct-r] 6 onrll cot c o3 cm ccil
c o o'roj1 o o$ o
"o
m ooeocso ostg)oHSJfiDot LoloccDocaolo
ooro;a;seil<o8 otgcosmcni rnco amqpileLc @ 6(0.) o oL p1 co;c efrj. B oo CD o-o eJ ac co;1 eirt o3 a3
oell cor c g c. B oo cD o-o ei o c ao)J 6rB c 6l cm el o€t J seilo8 gGIrEcoJaD elo€lJo€lsee6BoA o€{o)

"ersaeoBUE coo"looeragiloet accroc cacuo oror'lcered rargcrjloemo ortgogs;e o41cm


<onrller]o
"6<ororlotcoE
ocL(o)oo onotco)aei; orceni po.lloog orgr:3tsl. o"-Lo3a;sej1oofl
o.r'l oL1 to e"l orod 1"-t otd
ua cnl d oL ool
oT or m osB o€rscD po)ld o0)Loocloo Grdcnlcao)csJ
eelcaa owlcor] .,o)cmlo omqfeLcodl. o-atol aCo6rnfiDl Gfi)C€OCo.
a;sej1o6 crllmd eL"ets"etsaeanua of)5BBocD
ojllroo (s.r) crr'lo1e,Mleo;. moEa'lcotslgg
co;ceni c/oo'looetagiloeL s:ccoc c&cco
ojloroomo oooolg eojcc}gj6o€ls656BgJos
rooioSooorin;cmcilt
crgcrjloemoro'jlcd m;"ocaoo,ocqot odoJaJS
Beto, ocdmigoa, cojcogj6o€lsa66BUd, ei1 cnl ggfl @8 6c6rDJCrD cru o o.r'l cl c cn ecn o g
H 91
o-ilcrude;<rm5<o3oor'16 or3seanlcoto.roao)co6o
ao; 164 msoro;. 6lctd o'raorcocoo1
cro to1 o olofl o oP oLl ot'l ct.l re c co o6r: g'l c eJ do J
mrooodmi olcotcilaoloE coologsloto.ll.

e"lorcocm5lcoro
23
odo eo,es en o afl g ggo orl G er €0"

(a) r:"ocm1cralco orJorcru-o (b) o.:olelsoE-ecra6o (c) cr'lgqglao8

"jlLroo - s.t

gaoccrocoorolco8 oncmoo osao]ogccon r3g1 ergaorolceni ooro;a;soE ecemogs;cmrd.


(oc[l]elo oo:o;e;seflellos elo€ll''elsoec'nu0 ffuccu(r)ccDo ocl(o)oa m"leon;ecol;CEJ. ooJol€r]
se-iloE cucocpo ootoooleeLgou0 ecemogslcm]. o"ro1e;seiloQ puEeccno GrdecDeo pu0o)
seo;ogcooi oiorccroooHg'lo'1aer1cm;. pc pu8oseolagloE ojloet;og;os orga5<oilcolet;gp
ongqle.crd (villi) ocemo*slcm]. dlo) eroloLc/oa1g1o1go1o6 +o o;o'roE s0 cllelto o.rlgcpgeu8
6cdrDoHslcmled. oj]HclB;agler]erscorcerd c.,-Lc.,slo"etsaeoBsA to,garloemo o"-Lgeigslcmd.
ooto;e;safloer pu3oseoloplo dHW)*Cto <orgcriloemLoros oilmi<o"k6emo crduflS|eo;cm;.

crugoraoncrd

ei"-ro3e;sejloQ mlgo a;s1 cojl o'l eoicmo)J oemoojlcri o0)to')acL(o)o GnmJceorcP;ocen5t


OAC6rBJ9ts LoJGaOCgtDo. ojl iroro (s. z ) cril o1 oMl gJo mo8 o1 eol 5l gE cril oL
@5rDo orco)'l4Jo otHq$erloseojeg ero€rl
raro ai o em op oLl mi ror"l
L.'.r or eL oro-r1 er <d em o

els]cmo))ooc6rl3l99 oo4o.
o€ls66BB glos crgcril 0emo6'lo) Hd mtaorodmS

o€ll o€l s6' eo: g;


ucocjlco,tloS elo; a;cng oao)cocdol.
nit g qlt o n0 o€i s cD el o s cT 9 cril

oa<ocetco'laogd

ercdskooE

ailo"-dclc.'ril
mrloco-r;os uocer:
clamlco;1os voca.r

".r'1;too
- a.z" ojlgq3loQ "etsm

s'lorcocmiLoro
24
ni eJ rua e, g 3o org uil o em or 3o
o":o3e;sefloc( rutrcj)g;e1seo;cm oolo;clrocolouA crngqlmlgploE 1rr.tcocro19j
ralanolconoE
Gncmo)o oojo](oc6)jagccoi j)olco)lcm).got cu"len'e}o elslcgdcrd m-rloouE olclloHslcm].
cuacolaopo.rlo cruloaoecorlo erumr-r13i16olcm prc o.ro)o6o>oo]eer)a,plos o35ocen5 ceLcal
6cscelo. p(o))6]scoro ejlo"dcrjcoolcol;os no] ooJolcocduao]o dHqJtrlggloE ocemog
s;cmlend. poilelm e.:cd'slcooE (lacteal) oCIcmlojoco)lcm]. GoomcloeLacqot olojoHslcrn Alcl€t]
oetseecBglo8 g;caoccru]o GlaD'lcmc anqmt'lcu.llaglo oaorromr'lcsaoJo onc[fl ogru1ru-r;
6 glo H|crueo c glo ejlo.,olceroo;o cerfi crgo'1oemo o"-L g o gs; cm rd"

caccooxrilcn;ggil caed pe:orJo eror6m5cng;o eiloonJo o.rp'l eroo"loo'ojloop eecD56r3


"ggc
1"-r c or cro'i oo 3 cm arrl d m) oo c co) 6 Ec co;
"-fl
eL gil ceroo] o or
"rr'1
oo o g s]Cml.
grga,'lco;aoe fl Sn o]od"r] uo1 4i15J6rBcHc. (o €cDo o0)5B]3O CDQOCSn5 CcrjCnSJAoeISo6CBOg
Grdor ofjoocoeoqo)c6n5? nngH o"rgJ.
aol solor;cnlcrd oogcol scotodo; ol.ol ql
a oocmeJcorco;cmoit parr; omq$elcoocod
pc(o.) 1"-Lgo1 corasE o)offn corceni orlH oaalrorolloQ oetscnoaodcjl rorocjlcaoreneoJ6rd.

mimlqolcerdo)
ffuo-o*oEo aa ero€r) o€rs€D 5cBE) os mo8al1 eo1 g;gg oL'loL o6r-Do crool"l2j oeo"r

orgdloemonrrleLlo ouoocaol eo;cmail. ong <milocrp o€ismoao)d6n o.l 6lctg (Do)coc


pnc eto€l;o€lsaeanuE 66)]" H oJ
gg "-dcgc.a"rct6 $ u36 corcao].
Qg1oE cDlcd
dr eii'l
@a.orolJo oT

(0€(D0

cugoo m;o"l6em"e.rsmai]pp 6l<o) Lecclooarcolcard to6(or0. aleo s"lculegila;o p@1o;

"-t;cug;crrloocerd.
o;or16cm 6l@J om;"v5cn1oE tonoor;eLlgcocgo oooo;enecoololeolo. pto]
cloo"loanor'la;scn"lgo crr'loooroocoi os;e,loeocene'1o')eogcm1. o-LacdLoeoBglos cruoooocDo, eocn
[.]<ojlcoccuo, coc.l1ea"lao5'rno {DJS6-681 nc5oo cutdoeanga oaroo cn16crcn1eo]cm}od.poilcr,}
cruooccoldocco o€.tscoeo)cerd ooroxirror'lmlg.ccil. oe<ororoiloE 55% t€ruolcllororlalgp gcmiocol;o
45% o6(')e6cuo56Bglo coseoslcol'lo16olcm). Gno]6rnod{ocom;eouE (red blood corpuscles),
e(orroodcocem;eouE (white blood corpuscles), cgfoetgleuE (platelets)ogcmlcucorcerd oe<or
coccoeo'nuA.

ero€rlosse6BBglos cruoc)loncDoro'lcd
"600 ccotcelg "eLscocorcanS gcm)ocl)eolg.gd. <s'nofl(oa
(Dco g(doaDlcm o€.ls666l3ua ecemo gsicm].

2. oogru Cruocoldtol5oBud
. GLoJc5"lm)as8 o ogaSoom-)a;eoE
- <orgo8eillolcra . cooCdcOcem;eCrE
- cr4ceruleiloE . RJGdoccn;
- ooooleru'lemceoa o ojlgco'lmlevE
. rgrdo'lccnc <nqmrlnr-l;aud . eolo'lao), o.rgcrld roqm.flnr)

3. GIaOOPOI CrUoeOld'tO6GBUd
o GCrUcOdQoo, ooJcgccruJo, &coTUJo
"6cm1cuol1os
eloJ6rD66Bglo Grdco)c6m]6glo.

gercrorioE erot'leo;cm
Slcaercmi corcer;gp elo€rlc€rsaeonuE gcdoco:'los eaomr'la3erscor;o
Gragco'roru 6cmiace1.'rcg1co;avd cuelcor;oceni cruoerroo'leoogs;cm<ci'. coo]6rno6<o;c6rDl
6ouA .06mtooloE rugoo egsl<oeLlend. rorcrucDcuc(oa66Bglos cruooroocoacerri <onclco;ers
{-oroecD odao. m5gc1sc"n1oE, e6ruccruo.doE, pem)ecnc.n1oE, eoce6rDc6)om,rf, ejloc.'nc

elcrcrocm)1oro
25
oomJd o6cnn6c.Bom Gsoltirto6@)c6m]€osd cuJ<oJmirirl o.rocoo.l1ell6nd" G'ocrr ootcro.rloot c/oodl
ootonoog coccn[.,-Lroilcocu.lonricd m.loocoor'leo]cm]. o6codo;eet;ag1oE g6recelcm ccno'loo.r
a;cr1ru1euE eolocmJaaoo cnso)aole
"gcmolcerd
c6foetgleglos o)GuJodoo. oe<oo eg
,Jlsleo;cmolmlo pcu e;s'1cco or")o;.

tlra
rl
gcm]oco;o o*o)c&cso,nBgJooco€o cDoJ*oJ acemccd ovloo;cacz I
eio; osgrjsll6nnoA elogl ootoloosldo;o. amafl<o8 co€cDo 'J
o5"jlslao;cmrd ors W
I

ao))crn ocm)ormSor;eouE cordonil cncmccojl alerldole. osgps5;errY eJoglm W-d"'-


aao)o crjlsorelocco;'l orqoilcDjccroouo crjlro"las/lao;a. (s.e) ecerrjlg[l W
'-.i11ro<oro!1oE
o'lao]cmo;corcos oa.o)o€rs&oanua cordo'lolemro; o,1seo;cmail *ru-J.rrn*frr
cdot'cocc.gnuE cn'lo"lo'9il*'co ff**"
orlroro - 3.3. o66)c€rssesnu6
ao; or;ggf oe<ooos;onf oao.)cecroeoBUado; cn'loo mo8a;cm
ocggcolo0 (stain) c"-L6ord eieroclacmScocg|ergos cn1o1o,*il4coE oaorcacuo6oBUa acemco8
ae1cor;o. o)coe moSa'lcol5lqg (e.+) cnoSo;crD m)JsJcDo<r8oom;m-lo1g qaicnSolecDd
"J1oro
(tDaococ€olcn 1"-tor6oro,mo LCDlHJAgccoi crjldo:"rjleo;. s146 cnoSa]cm cDldcasodsB<fr a,6<n
cnocaor'l
"-Lceil
gJoci<ocD pc 1o:cl d oormo o,ojQcc6 olcsJ ggJ.

ogBo.l 3
ermroj
oo
t OffUoJ 2
oo ooBcco] oooNc\x o6c6rB codcooGro
ransm;o..fl oiarolocao) 6roJ accrdom,rf ool rotggl oeroro oocruru'1c68
cm6oro
oacend oiloeLloE ooog eDoldotcmt. ".rcgilcorcao;cm;.
allsrdcni oroei"rm.lo co-lo
el(610)lcml.
gemeoncod rarom;clr:1ao;cm;.

om.l"j
oo
+
ctrulc gd^ oacend- ogyconod p[ne'o;or; ru ocorlcr-i1ot p emaorlcorc co ovo
oene; o1m1gg oslerorii' oggconoE ocuggo c'.l6onil ru{
poopnJ eroocLocmicocgloE
cm rE gileo;cm1" ei o1m15i1m) c so osjo o oqn-d o o o g
"6 colco"las4laolcm;.
oor99o ce'14; ae;olcm;.
jlgcoro - 3.4. c06coe&ccn m'ko"lesi5.mo
*"lorcocm5lron
26
6]oJ aJ$fleo)Jos o€o.toasl€ocoa gorcaoccrt4 ercoAocrDd nol eco6rDcxuocello aogc<ooua pol
ecorcajl aocod *.tcsl g. o1 eoco &co5rDo ?
"goolccoi
cn1ole'silq BJ<.roJo mo8e,lcor'l5]gg (s.s) rorcoorCIJo oo-rao)cil n$o(o-.)codo @oo)
"jl1to)orsoccol
co c cro ecn ud crll oar: od ao; o"l1 o1 4 o1 corc od o s'l eorol cfl; G @ ot o ot sl otoJ.
"O

-/ a^O-\
,/^* @ r o\
/-7-a0YA
^bfJ U
fi,^ "O
"n -6D) ia
tv^-_0r"W
€) @O A
vn
0t
o* o
*%,-* &*o*0
#::P)x
/' @ 0*
@e,^w
onolemoa<orcem;aood

c uo.roloecorcem;aoud

oi)gtoro - r.s. oerorcoccoecnua

oaclotolloop o€lsff) og)LoacLoo trDE "ld5rD


"ileLail etcdgfl coroSmi opl eL'loon1caed
oco6rDoD; c6nrcoJacaotcg? s"loronS *t. mtL"loo'laoogsScmroccol amcpf eLceolaocRc.
cnl ei"jlcn; oo<ororoil m;gg
"rd "6oo crjltdemc Plt oplS666f3gJOS ffDoo]or)ff)o o€)5BBOm
co a oc eni. oaol oro'r'l cn; o o occoi 06o.) coconi cnsoo;cmci? eilo"-d o1"logs;cm<o)
"-r
aHco(o) oo8ccrDlo p$. ,jla Grds'lao)ooilo o0) 6613 o (r)oao cni crjl 6BBUE o1 cruJ en5.
"-ro1 2i1 51
crucBde56BCil<o8 e"loroE oasilaocod oogcoc eilo o-o1Oo$ o€ls cDoaOaOSo ta'roO'l oop LololC oo

$l o s o do)o crg or cro; occor'l or GcD€oco. o d6)o oorDao)Jo


":91 "j1o
6o@J66BUA <oroolerororcoS
mto8eJcmo.r;oec6fld clrJ6rDogcoo-.l eocou ocLooa et'lo"-o' ov'l oot;gg fflJoolooff)o
ecar.rd eicm;o tol ocrDcot H. o€o)Bc cD <rm'noop o0)5criocn cDSd'oJfiDJ amqtrletcasrcoE
"Ocml
loJc(JJO(DJ o oclgil orcoo]o'D GorcsBti roco.rc a e1 oo;9. -oll oros cno8 o1 corl g3 E ts ojl ot o em or2 o
ocdoJ. oacor r:ccnal mo crDoJ -oil o.t ocoojl <orE"-r groroL;o (s.o) oicnaelcDo oolao)cil eilo"n'l
"jl
oleol. ajl o 5 cn s doJ cm rlr r: c 6 LncrD o ol oo ff)ooto) H g'l
BooCDon elDcao)J6rBce]crD elcl€l]o€lse56Bgl08 ao; a3o1g oeo)coc€ol.

flDool o0tno eilonnl e4OSOl3o

e erca'l a a uE cup'l cool o oera gf c ered o 6coo o{)(o'm} c mtcua o 6co


<ororl o
Q e ] oo L6 ccu6 G c o)o e & c ro cno o crun sean 91 c et ed p ec 6 crrrl
o 568 ) cm ]. p 5GB o cn o ] ol o
Hs J cm s1.v5 tr: cl cl o c or c erd a et a g! o eL
3 3

c o c <Joeolr u6 c r0 ro oil cn1 a QO o cD scoro cm o5. s1 ir: ruomrl er Q o ; o o


"lo 1
"vtr ;
rB c (,) o G er c 01 o a gt c a eo (o) 6) crn ror'kol er o rol ao; cm ;. eru c eeil
] 1o-t c cr.L

ejlo"-dc ercal aa y0 oocrD LoJc co)J6 co oo ageale gi c etoolo tojccu


uo1 eo; cm p
;. 5BB o m eil o o-dc er c o'l a o gil er et<om1 cor s'l "u;; 1e cl o c eni
eilo"-d. m1ool gcrom p,tc trgruc6mlo6 eno;em o €(De &ccoe-6nplo
c gf oagla glo 6c6mo.!slcr01g. gcm)ocoioo c1orc5"lm)6 glo
"-ila
(t) c o)] er oJ 6rD 56]:} g o o a<o'r coro'l c eL or'l c m eo c uE 6 o 61016) cT a g crjl oE
] J

p toil 6E G'n s eoeloor'l<o1 ao] o " eil o o-o1 er et c 1.r c 51cn 1o uE er a c v ; o cor I o
6il Q
oa c v; 6[l oE a coieol cm o€l s 6 6613 g] o s eoJl o cru ocuor)cDG'ro'l o6 mroo c
s.o. silood orJoJcru-o coiaolcml.

mlorcocm5lrolo
27
@€o)orctiler]osao)lo ejlo"nlelJoso]o elo€l] Grogcxl 1_oo"lao'ioo;cm<o'r1od oouA or"-c,1
o€J s66cBUE o{) G5BBC Sco6TncsJ eJ cmoi ? 6oicm mqooacni ftr)aorcrlqotod
"lalomgg1
eaua caocs'lq mn
odo)eerco'l oag]o elcds:l ao; a;cng tolao)cocdol.
eo)o8my caocslgj odolet'1oo-dolcoo'l eglo 6, oud 6oe tlaerul€, ocmgdter
e5Treca;crn;oorcn; cDco a5lre;. ntHSSnn (gacm"rlo6.lo'toE crjlcrd aogiloeLoror)cm o€{o)
cricrd et"eL;"etsoo6BUA m-:oololoo;oD olctD
omToE rg;eeocrul cna1ccnc roOruloi
-L'l gall eo1 2i1 Slg gd (-"jl gor"l eoemo. 3. 1. a, b )
a)]os <aa goi e1s1 coioleo;o.
"gcm1ru
1coaolaol. e"lruoE1.r:ru<0omrmoor:c/A m.rlcoooccoi ms6o]
cuccrE oeol onrrloE m'lso.r1o Gngoi
€o 1cru", LnO or"€ slCrD",
SlGoocru- pdrec co.r'l o'l ao emo. ooLal'l
Se€ gglaucoluo
(J)la6)tslru", G'821€mJ
o16cnt1ru3er0, eersi5rDo ogleond e oem'leogolcDlc(nogJo
rGorntnxSeffo "nlg'1
G6gi6rnGOC .,-jCCOICO)COC Og',lAOCelO: OAO
.,io1cuocct-lcD msorcr'lcocoE 6locg)6s oo{D
cell2lo)lglelo an€,"sl0)0Ecni
oroloE SlceocmrloQ *gn: cruco)co6rn
70-l l0 mg/l 00ml c'rgcofloleolo" pd 126 mgoE
6]SlCm Grdcucru-ococard l.rrcocloo. o6co
con'koE cnuiao;gp Slceocm-fl ocn oouE
oeloemtood Ool0J ejloo0' 011.0'l6d oogcoocsmceo'l cruocto16o;cm). Sgc aoc
rrloQ c.ngoi oa<oomrloE a;ocorgemrcu8
oo(*c6ocsaE oL1"e.rs12j Kleooccruccoll
ocolcm 1"-rcr6orormollo 6oEl(6E ms€olcml.
6Cffo oLeiloeilo.ri or"dl
cT gm.fl cu;1euE665 oil"sscoo ouoe
tcoa'lccnc
o.Ieo;cmLc9)6rrcc6)cm cncacemlco ao
g1to'E ilj co;olcocorccoi oco1cm]. G&ru6rn
SoOlflD']6 S.nlmlO coo'ler1os oa<oonrr'loE 6erolcm ojl.'sr"-r
ocdroecnuE, <orgoEaoc.'ocuE ol;sec.e'laocu
oiloe.rs'leooHslcm tolo crrlr0o-r"loJocaooHs)

oOJBQ)o
cmolo aoglalE cr.L4ceni.
oOJBQ)o

oorororojl cerad c'rqcrjl oemo oreofl g eroeL]


oets66cBog oooloonrilo€ oLloilo ecu)66B
gloS eo] cmarrloS co<oro'r1 mlgg
? ? "a;oo-n "o5r:
"-lOUOOrCanS?
(a) (b)
oeoordlm; ffDrQO)o cDal
o-r'lLro"laosmo- a.t ":ejlooccnco'logcm;
aer ol co;co. cn'lo roroo aol ormJ) eorcoer
oilcroaetcno ociqoio; Gotcotu g".Jo-r6olo-lleoloD oosBao)o (06(0)6)o10.) ooo"lo
"j.ll<or"laoomo
eo€rse56BoE onilloop o{)Hc ccU)56Bgler]o
"9ao:omqo)c6n5 "o5r:o)orri10a "6oro'ibo3cm3.
oril; cmer orcrd omq$ etcao;. er J or o s oo c s; oro'fl o1 do) cm 1o-r oro'l o 4.0 coJ o
"jl
o"-ro3o;seilo8 cDlcrd <argaj"loemo o-olg)od ( e. z ) oL1 oL co emoroJl oofl colo oD orrcaoeorDcos

sJcm eloel]o€lsae6BUa aogilet]osco)cerd mmccno, oJEJJf, o, (6rgesot


"o5r: "o5r:eo;orolloop
oo onjl o er olo4 cm oi. o61 oofl m ccoll o'1 eo; o coro ot por oeo; g 91 cr.rco sm ocrE @Jor o(il s; ororl
ao gf oeronl;cmail I
glgts ojloroemo
moda1cojl moorodmi crDcorcr'lcotoE a;o1ao;.

oLcaoflgccro"szo colcogi e o€l s d dBB gJos

e1orcocm5lon
N-
of[BCIo
ooSBQOo, Co6(Oo, (0€{0')65)] Iel}6s8 pcu psaoHs}cm oc6n;
*;@'r.'
o
w
'.f
\s,
p col6

on cD
cm e"l oi1 e
orol oE
gil o

loJ (l) c cD
o €ooloJaocD cuJcucruo. .lB
.r o ; ruoo1 ao g cm
cd

oi o a<oc).t oJ ao) m cuJ cu


n ml ocu

ill:'
+" 4e
mloaoc6rd. .,:gdemocco.llo coJuo"l cn'I0alo'raccot 5toolaocu
i\ dEr-*
A-
o csrd .'o5o co.ro. o m;.sl5co'l oE o e om) c0"oco)(omilo8 o cooRi.l m]
* ab.-a
.}'? .,"rlooTerccor'i (orcouc acroeonu8€6ilsqJad psol;cuclocorolad
\;"'
.\,l;
*-
.\rr
c'nai.,.to 9.r o1 aom cenY no5nco;omr1oafl mra cmo. 53 oc g) o S
,;";r'' .,o5ocoromrlcd o€l 6GG(oo Gnaoc glos o;"ds1cor;os rueJlH
oc6mlgpcil.
o;<orldem eio; cu;a<orleolos ooJGco.rroolcd ogJAGGCroo 12

omt.o"l. m"lgcu;o s ocru.a"l. cu"korlcorlo o.06G6roo 300 tcoco


e co cu] ol 6rc ccotl o1 eo;o. a; e rr8 c c cnoro] cuJ c cru o a s1 cor go
3

(occ965)] cu(olccroco)o cuJccruo 6]c)6101o)10 cuolcm eacern'l


ao oE or9 4,5 ojl cor c erd c'o5 n cot omi m ] CC oi. o o-r o'l a c6 o.d cor o
(pericardium) .,Ocm pog mioloo oo5Beo)ocorD G'OoJo6rDo
o orq ]cm]. mio'r o eoesA €.6jlscorlo6 cDlo oarc,l o'l 6ogcm o o1
"l
ocr0cr.r-r'lcooE locuo (pericardial fluid) oo5oco;om1m) ffuoo
69j5rDo mOEA;Cm CAfrCOSCHo oOSB(o)o "et6.gemO.rO'l<O
-i)1rolo - 3.7. oo5Bto)o
o ccol mi"rcr:l ooloJcmlo m.r"occo.l1oo;cm1.

O6to)o ol{rx] oelg;oLOod o$)LoacLoo tolacnl mlcm; orJo oHSJcm @d<ol doJ v et; a<6
cooce5ocen5 6c6rDco. oro o'jl o er c crrjl el o s or)A B co oojl m3
"o5ocororoiloop "ersmococmol J

eololcoa g"iloloccor ocdcno orocor; ecoo152 g.glo8 oolgtso crilocJeo)cmJ. <or]sdcrd


"o5r:
66rBJ ocnqR1 eLceer]aorced. oo5cBocDao)c co.r <lroioop 51o8 oL'l ooE eoldolo);
'-r3or
emo; rucu.fl do;e? o)coeo€ocs;roon5ggg mcmcqo)'l oroodolo-r;cm3.oocgc<.6 olegl
1"-L odororcno s14d coldo ocrloo;cm<ol [email protected] c eL]gg -ila asvo]egileLlos oorg8o orlo
crflo"leMao;. ('loJorol(moi acemco. oLJcr5iloE ojer(o)J
"126oro
or(rooro.)lo ps o)J or {ooro}o ocol oco'l
crd o or; uo c el ecDl @8 crt crd c co el o1 4i1 5 g I I ofJ o ro
oroodoro)]cmrcsa ooltstso otlocolo)o€ocgJ
o1er]o o5cn<oro'ioQ oo56eoo mcmccot'l av}a'l
o.:5 <ooil coc oo1 o qo sJ do] G cru cud o cor o'ro.) I (o8
a;cmoi ofjo(Dco€o a;wer]ogflejJosao)c
"o5
o6rDcrDJ gor:o1 eoJ. rorJ s6 cn5 cororojl oop
"rr5e

gedcuta"ocmr'1o O.TCICCUOCOl

cuerci "6is1coo
"6gs1coo
oeren.tamj-ilo-r5 olcoSoi
ootsamioilo'r5 cr.L coSoi

c! errii oc! cdts'laeiuA ocuoEis'laejlsa

rOnCClCa"OCm.l'lO

jllcoo - 3"s. 0rlA6co)0 - ocDs)oeca)]ts9 co{a6o


glor<rocmiloro

29
oms) oeaolg ts Gof06o o{) slod crjl o"l e,cil dol. cD'l o"l e,gj 6rD on e,66BUa moEe,1 cor'l 53 gg ojl go'r ot;
Dccot (3.s) o..rcoolaJogslolotao)Jo dJoros ocrn'lo1eo;cm crjlcroemo orccolg;o cor;sdcm;gg
(s.t) r;doro'llaocdoJ.
"1516
oruB(Dorolonil gggo

om].$/Joo5Boxoroflcri mcei orooogcem;gpo;. a;egilaroom oerd rclaooog (atria)


"g31s'lco;eonoE
.,Ocmlo (ocgoonD roend <onooog ocrLnstsleei]g;eud (ventricles) ,)Ocmlo nlocoJcm]. .,431s1c0.1

eanu8 @eCI'lel;o orucr61s1eei1g)6oA <om1er;o co-.rco"lre'lcomrlcolcoE ccr-i6ro'r1o1eoerg51oleo;cm;.


ogcmcoE psoi "$tslcoo pscil ocr-ro0ts'leejlglcereo;o cuer<til o61slco.ro crjeroi ocra0ls'leefigi)
cerdolo (o)o6o)cm). ocuoa1s1eo1gilm;o pscorloE cr-rccf,crgaua esn5. pcu
"61s1cor<a,oflm;o
eio; n'loooolcerad ocuoolgg oo<olorcucooo gogc6olcm;. .,o5aororo')oE mlori o6<oro ct-ioo'l
6olcm Alserlo,pceni cuoeo'laua. "o5oolrooilcged oeoroooroloolcm e;ser;e<rE mr'loa
glo. (I)ocD16glcerad Lojccuuoldo)ffD (06(0.)0 q)1o1oe c,o5r:oornrroflcered eie;e,;cmtd orscorcoS
cu o cole g1 ei s G'@ o ore corol er] o or c (oacu}e, uE p end.

GCU)o GrrlO

(cooaua
"o5eco;oror'1oer

o6(Do o6c6rl3lor(o)ffD
"o5ecor<omilcado]
a;eer;ooE

oo5r:coronrrloE mlcni <oa<oo oec6rB]


colcelcm a;velleud

orad "oislcoromrlcn;o
cuer(o) ero:aELslaerl
gilmlo pscoieL;ge rucoEoi

psail ps<d oruo8ts'loojl


"CItslcoronrrlcn;o
gilm1o pscofla;gp o-LcoEoi

dte - 3.1

oocrolo"ssco acnq$etceol calmicaeod (pacemaker) crngileo;cm;.


"o5r:cooroilooS "Ocni
aocHc. o056BocDaocerd
"o5r:co;o t"joldOn-jl
c"-Lmicoaocr'lcri olaocoJ cruore o.fl eo;cmd
ao; cmoo'rcn5 ccroc<.t-t'l oo co. .IoSBeo) mi"rcnm cn'loao'lom erucut'loo;o.
"ro'l
ponDcoo m)coodoJ 66Bgi1o8 a5 go''i1a c"-Lmicn
.'o5n coc"-Lcro'l e 916) s (o.)cgc(ooeacao) cru Gbc
orojlacm.lear:ua or9'laoc6ni eo d o4;'j1 sl gil 6oco3 6n;" ao; crilcrojlror crjl <o
"o5r:coro'ro'ilcereo]
(?€(o.) oaorDj crD{o)lo colo oo)odocal 6JaD oo'lo8 oooroJ;o ro,rgcorcnoanu8 tru5.ds1leo;cm
"-r;o
eru c g cr'l c cor c s; o3 s'l ao 6J o] e or e o em ocerrjl ci
rD J
o. or er o6lor n63 Ls1 co;<orojl o ofl a2 a o8 re c a;oro c "

eo)gg LorcoJecooo Gorcro'logcerd p/.:D


pcfr coo"loorofl oa ?€Jst*ftg,'o5ooo;or}ocoo;1
enLm-ul 91 eo; cm;. eSLrol'la c"-rodca oo
m: c u c o-r'l a c eo]
mr esn ua 66)) o)J s €o o o3 cr'l
"-L
fiwDJo oo5r:com5"lcecn crt(odd crfl ooloof ao] o;aogggl a;s;coroE oLloroeoBuA cuo6ro'l
cIDolo. gc' cc(')oolo-) oom)Gmc "61s1colo8 doJcm Lo-rordororcno 6toJ croooepodooopccol

cmcnd (sino atrial node-S.A.node) cnLnoic ofjogsl€oi.

e1orcrocm5iorc
30-
oOJO(IDqD"rrlCI3(l)o

cn'l oaoroocco m5 n-Lcn mo ag el acan5 ol)SB ao) olot (o8 crrl cmJ (o6(Do o-r3s64co;cco.fl lotcl"rrloOJcm
oclcni mco ocD
e$ eLc oer'l. moSei co,l 93 g I o.t1 or o emor; o
"o5r:
eoro'ro'iioofl c"ooo acerrl] ao;cm
gror or;o e er m o 6rotd td o e<o rolo-jl erop
(s. a ) oi1 oo a u3 ad m)c(r)Jocdocotr oo5r:coro
"j1 "6al3oj1cu
oroiloS to o-rd com'jl eolcml
"6;
cd acn q$ eLcaog.

enlomafl o3dl.fl'

mo"loomr'los ojlo.Llcr-r Glacr:aool6oBgloE cn1cml oarooJlococolorolcm mtoauA


"6its1orroeg|
ceraoc6rDcgc <rrrlo6olcm<d. oe<oo coloco;cocuO oend 6lco
"61s1coreonp1oE "61s1coeanglo
cruocoo cnrcacilaolcm). c]acHcuE ocrdn-nrui o.rco6cu;eod <o;ocrd oa6)o ocra8is'leo1g;a
giloE cn1oco.r1cml. ro;stdcni ocrLaEts'laolglouA cn-rcsco-r'laol6colo cuom'log;os c6'@ooreo'ro1
eLlpg erm'lolagemcd clcoEcr;eoE o;ocrd"to6(ol0 tc'nolotceldd 619;6)6collo ocrglcm).
pc(ocruaco)o ocrriojloi crLcoEculoua @asao]6eCI)o ogls']o)66-Bc.rd o.r1drumro1<or1 i"-rcoileog
6 (Dlo o ot g] cm ]. co-) eonoEeo)o oojoAlsl osrl g; o rdesllo ps aoi er) gc od{o raroloQ
"61s1
torcucooo crrlcorgcroieolo ogcmtirrceni omi"-ilrui cr:coEcrloglos cudao. o6roo clomlegi)
cereraoorolaosl6,dm)coE ercla6tsleej'lC]6u0 .l;tdcr-rmrn'kol1 1,l-rcoileo;cm]. pnc ffuoQoo omro'l
e.rgemc<O cucoEculood oosaord cr-racologiloE cn'lcni ooroo oilo'lelo ocroEls'leoilglagicere.d

ei e; e; cm rd' o.ls co,ll 6colo oor gl cm]. c cD o oto, o olo$n o.r'lLUo o torol erccor'l o1cm o6 gsl cor

eonoaoeocgo ocr.rcrEls'leolg]6gio ojllcncaocrucnroco.r'loeroro;cmrcva oo5Bao)o rgr0emacco.r;o


ojllcmcoo:Ccucmocorlerc6)emcmlcJoec,)co. ooJGco cnoag)os cruGbcorocdlo) mtlcggcu8 (systole)
,.)ocmlo cr.r'llcrocnoccrcrunoeo) n-ucomicgcclE (diastole) ,)ocm)o .Joa)lcm]. eio; m.rlcgycg;o
mcormicgcglo eordcmoceni (hearr beat). fiuc(l)cos'rDcoccotl omS"srSof)seeo)o
"o5r:co.rmi.,lcrcno
olot$loS 72 rocuem m),lcr:'.}ao3cm;. onolccoto5 oo; m).,rcnmo 0.8 ocrueoQloocenel .rgdorofl
aoca,]cm) (aoln = 0.8).

-o5 a co; al s1 gil oop ol c go ooao'rororre aof o8 cna] oo6DY6o mi 1'oue') "OoDJo n@l ogpto
eo cr'l ao;c cn cal o. p oi cra crti (puls e) o0) aDc6rn mScoogilolos cDaldoJ cauaaocoA av1cor;o"
"j
cr1 coer g s;cmcil. cru;-o5orrrloop oeraoroene a o2 er gp o'rm5 coc g] ru;oo5ooi1oQ ocnaorjloS

oto8 olodmi o{')Loaoco6lDcrd uol


"jls14 crdoror;il:] po coenir:ocBoa loorar-i4;
ecoco,r'1eog. cacrEaog.

acgotolcooo soo"loecul6sBgiloS mo;ed (ooroqD@dGo (Blood pressure)


"-Luacnj
oroolcoccnca;o?
ooo0ts'leer'lgJauA mrcoc"jleo;cmtcuE u:a
crilogilceLed 70 olgf engcocpo toarolo coeoil
1":cr"rrleo;cml. pnc (06o.)o cDom"kel
corccol1

otonagloS a;s;o'rroE adr:o olglom)lcmJ.


polcerd mrlcgpcgld i"-r"srocco'l crdcDl{Bol
***r r-lololm; Goocrgo ofjLS"l cgl oB'B$Jo ogs;<rlci'. 120 mm Hg torOerd crucclco6rD
ei or aE gs'l eo1 gl 6 gl o r; d oL mm'l oi1 g"-L c .'jl ao;
mrlc ggcglei 1.,-r"sid. o'r;stdcrd n"ucoc ggcuE
cmL ccrd o 6cD o ttrrl o'l era dl glel cm(o)] a'r s cotcttd
m;ocoorcj co6.oo osoer]cm
"o5r:co<oro'Jlcaed
Gyatoro-l; crLcoSoL;ocrd clascolcDcolceol cnco o'jlmcoS clom"kelorrjl69'lro8 mrnreeo-fl aacco;o
acncp$erceol" am5":lo-ri crrco8o;ord ons adr:o e;ocorJcm;.pll 6)cl6r0ror adoacerd uoor
co;cmroi'loQ <.roenir:o erleni ('Lun') c ggc gil d d. flDccDc o6rD ctlco.rc g1;cgild
"g)cmJo Lo.r
"g
er cru a'l er; amc d o.r e oi cr-r; aua Gro s eo; or oi1 o of,

alocrocmilcoro
-Jt
----=T
LorosJd 80 mmHg @O5ni. P.19 o6rBJ odB56BgJo ,Jloros oacs]roroil <01 €oJcm crDlde5cBgJo
c"-rdororceni eioc glos to6(olm)mdoo "jl loroL;o
(e. s ) g"-rccorccno g s; o'nrll om;.nl5 oop

g"-L m5 cl c oL'l aol cm cil. m) c o c o c c m c o"l g d odo) ol oJ eocDolJ oj(ru,oocolao]o12] oco6m


"n'kd
(sphygmomanometer) of)crD gole(o5lDo @€6.) eioo o19j "-dcAcrc6$ "-r;don1 cocool.
oL

cruoDdBo erogaoJolcod I"-lcco;c('jlao]cm;. GlocD;Gaocslocco; ogtd moSal


"jltorolojlci
nc"-l o o acdmrlaoop Gngoi a;slcor toaolorlo cdrogol
.,o5o cooroil ocrp ml e ctn el o c aol'l c0 6(0-) o)
6]c)6101o) odo)or]o co:dcrr1ol{ acerrlleo;"
o gil o6 g"-t coL oo1 aer;cmtorcco;1 mco a5lrei.
crJl

(Dlsdcrd o&(Do o0)c5Bl3co5codoaoco6IDce] augnracnod


a;cm<d t or ortol ooLoE tsl eo'iC| to8 crjl cd corccru o ccdcrDlmoE a;s;o'ro8 toroseor:'lcor odo)o
Gocuoorot eeldoJo pso)J ooLctdtslaol g|oS oL eolcm a2 s er]ooE.
"ril
cn'lrri a"occlacrjl ots'l oo o1 ooolloop ojl oLl ct;
o acdcru'leod a;oeoroodo)o ot"rileo;cm
reccnear: gil ceLaolo lo-tot oo'1 dol cmj.
o;ver;aod.
ngcrotlmcen5 oo<o)o colccruc&cuooro1l celod
r ocalmjlsoE a;oaororoeor cru"looloolcm
avgo,Scmcilt ooJBaO GYAO.

cecsodoBoadocol soJ Dcco) acdcrD'l soO mllla o 6:cdcrD'lecrd o;s;roloE oetdcm odo)o
oleoo g s;cmollo GAc{.oGBgiloS "-l
g s;cm o3 o
m;r"leo'leo;crD oo5aao) Groo.
octdeuenO nDeqo)cdoomlnr5 m"leoo oel(g
ods)oD(o)]o (r0lcmJc6c(rootolo8 ol4cen5.

crotcmlcaccrom:'lo

.Jgao6mo1 ol@JQ)cno

psrd
"4ts'lco-ro

pscd eruo01s1aei1a6

o.oculocril

mnggo']d' dl(oJ(o)mo

roo"looeJaud

ojllrolo - 3.9. posod<oolroJo)mo

e"loruocm51orc
32
€olco8&cDoolooc[)o ag3 *loflaelod
Od(o.)olcoJecDCDo n@J(Dol6m olldorDlaolce] amS"sz5crilCeL(o)lGcrlcoolaOJtsg GoJcoUeffDool
Gmrcua crjl<.roilo Gogoi (0€o)o o5reloor6rD ogl soo.lJ€og1ell
oocno"lo-jl o)ocrDeo)cocrDc

"o5ncoooila]os
escm)Gorc6)]onJo6rrecr6 ocn o;ggtoi I mledae'lojlacdad @6o')ooc o oo')
cp$eLcco;cgc. poloroololler;gg <od<ol.'toJao) oj(oJao(r) mrooilclccn56Bogc poHcrr5 cDD]€o
ff)ooro P@So €o.)oJ@J aocDo (double circulation) cjl colc o. G'rd oJ eof o8 o{) 5BB ocD eo)Card c
""rc"s
o
o{)cD)oJoao)JfiDl. os1 5 65 5613 sA o{) S c corl s olo.r] o o otor] cm cil ? oos B

ero€rlo€rsa5aBua <ooolo o-tpl <no'looroiloeL aDorlo od(o)doleell6g]o ofl amn4f 5fl Hcoro)
e'loL1 o g3 ol 6rBGHc. mo8a1 col 539"9
Rc clacx ao)olean 91 el;o oOolo)JCrDO(D 66BocD
o0) "jlc<or
oaocni cnco acDc[$ejc€o]. (')Jsdcd 6jccoo 6BBgJo (a.ro, a.rr) o-ilotoeme6Be)o loor-rl1j

GoC(rOOrDl GeldOJo GorCogi e o€| S 6 56BOa e"l o"r'l o gil o o e .'l c osi 6 cru o ol oo cn tir/o'r'l ml gg

1-o-tcot r-ro1 eolcmJ" oIHsilo. cocco san gil o-r5 o5 m5 <or ro1 o'n a, o g g gil .: d q ol co) cfi crll cn

c eLed ur:cd looangl o s o-fl crt oaoorofl CI8 ffD orrc o cn esB uA o I o g s; oroll m cor a0 mi ol co cjl aor' l oE
"-r

ao) e) Dcao) 1.,-roil rec ml eancra po.r1 oscolSo G@oroHSJorDl.

L"-r ord orojl aeil oD J G6rB c ? r d4 or cr) ci cn'l cn


<cnool erl, .r.:coa"l m-r'lco.lo {ols
acDo oJot'leoleol. eor:1cor gf
"gaceccroeloile oB
croo"lo o gloer "OHc c&ccro 6-6Bcrdaei;o
a er c6croL6olJo elCL6'l 6oCao1
serol]o Gro(o)Jc or oo3 acoemcni m'l6ceua v;o1o eocerrelo'leo1o. oom"l
ei

GScm)lmj (cyclosrs) €cm p.9


eo ol colco. tca crn d m <oo.j1 oA crt crd € eJ o crg crjl
glos c6sJ6rl)oej5a
o6rDo olrgogs]cmafr oJarJEcao)lo oLoaa}s "relcooml'l
ecnuA ca,csoolidloQ ogflc reco
ejlo crl re'lrorol coi ertr ers eoc eni.
oro]6)oc6rDlcm].

-i16oro- a. ro. o"rcoo"lcnrlco)o

elorcrocmSlroo
a1
JJ
O30 m C€CI)ol OJOOOJo Gl0S6r0nD O€OolOJ(DCIOIf o

a m1.v5 m; uoocHos .,lel s1 oil a glel]o o 6(0)0 6]9e.l]


agilergosco.rceni cv;olcmoi coco 616lre]. pc"ro ro"leoceilo"-d
"Ocrd
oonrr1oE a;va1euO clelcolee ro6<o[orcucooo
tctas6'Rfro o€ooloJaoCDo (closed circulation) rc.ra
"Ocni
olcorogs;cm;. po.flos to6(ol0 cro<o"loosoglaccoi
cmol$ mrmrdeoo ".1;etdoo;cm'1fl. "CIcmc<oE oco,
uo ere6€'BUA <o3 s eonl co.l e"l o-r'l a gil oE o eo omj'l cri m.r o c

coocco a gloE
croo")o1ecr.to (haemolyrnph) uoo")o cno
cri'lcloololcrrloEooleao1o coo"loeeLagloccotl cmol$ m.rcn:6ooo or;etdonnloco;lo o'rglcm].
porooomrlolgg ooooroScormacenS cDlocm ooocloJao)cDo (open circulation). Ge,9J6rno Boo'l

d]5rEc6]cm GoJco9i66-6BuE (6acm.Jloom,lo8 cn'lcni oo"lcoce-iloon'lcered orarnrrdcr5c.,rmo


oerqodslcm).

qucIDJ 6B gllo0 qDoQl o.ofi)o Lole C go CrU o G (8 ogj 6rD on el o CAO.I'I p O cO.t'l O8
s
crlldolaoogsJoD Gqoocoo a$ crDm)JeccD
mrm;5 oanu8 Ldec r0 ffDo cr4 em oro'r1 eL;o
"sl
5BB glcoE t
cIDlQOo c6@oocoo cnldoleo;cmaf, "6on3cmcil "6;e6Bomaoc6ni
"goonom
oco;md gc. Gro oil cnc ot croJ oc ao) e alot Jo
c pto.llcD)gg cruoojlcoccnecr:<rE oo; L"-LoL6oor
"-ro14
acdeuen? n]) cqocd6,ocDruJjo pAle 91 m oro'il erg o s cn o;ad crjl o"l esfl aer ccfl a v'l aor; o.

celod o0)6sBocD oOoIDJCmJoolcrDJo DCDW oao;erolgp orgeo)Jos (Eupatorium) pgoo')


erceol. por aJscoor o"-Ls'lasAod ocgoo'r eneloofl 6loJ oeeo)JglD e-aoo oo sSooi
er;o co:cogje6cBglos G'rOol@JoJc6rBc? g
e'1 er eroc 1a c mJ co c s crjl o1 a,cil 6ei3. cn1 o1
gp erl o

oerrebloE Grocx og;6st:omo;ceni peLogileL;o osl1q B5croJooro moSelaojl5;gg oLloLo


D8l mmJeccneangil el)o ?,lJolos 6ID orJo (s. t z) p coorccno g s;oroil
"6axl;cm<ti "jl 1o)o.r3o "-t
o6cs; onn'l tol 6o;cm emo ocoll9i
o.t'lot o oj'lcroaelcno eucoirefi mlmtreangloer ffDoor
mcoo0mi oocon'lcor'l<od oo3 a;cllg olcc>coc€ol. "ocnot53"oolojloofl "ejsm
ocnq31 ercoo;.

tl)lCIeel(x5m6'08930 Gn(xa)}OS ffDo0lo0CIOlfo

eetomr'lcn;o oc<denron8 o-ucaocderermloltlm;o ollooa aB] rilel eolcduoro€Jso6gBelo crucruJ


eoButaoccuuoJo]drd. pcr oqr'lo6 crr'lcni ocrojsrcu6m6cBg;ers ro;"romrloE setcomcoscg
acerri oots'l e,rejlogs;eolcmcil. o"is'louA6d cqo.luoJo)pC u;ctolelcr.l6lnes'BUA GorucoJalet6
ecnga (essential elements) ogcmcrlaoergslcm). cocr-rcoioS oocnlseoa, e.,ocmi.,nomi, oolc5o
cruJo, Cruu8ood, ocm"l.sl5o to;seoril crlc('li')cQo oceL6c aJel666Bglo (macro elements) cacgt6,
m.fld, cgco1c6, acoocn"lmi rolsoanl-,41e9cgo 6.)6.)ocLocalele56Bglo(microelem-enLs) 9U6oH
slcml. oco{yuJ6oBp}oseoJo mJ}dd cqm-r1cLi-r;eP}6scCI}o coldacemororlmcerd erermlseoE
alolJocaolo g.,-lccolccn'loolcmoi. eJsco(o ococruJ(onD'loo! "eLseacool'l m)uEono;o m5lgfd
cOmJ lnj- loog 'ejsooccol'l c.r.ocmi.nocrulo ec6rDoHS)cml. Lol6cuocruocr-g"uemororlmcoj@J
occot .,ooftoeoro'lsrQ "ersoocond otml.vtro. tq[il.8 cn1<r.d cclolet]os oco]eucuamec-nuA
mtm;Scroo"loromr'loaoror;cm]. sooleaccroeangleereog oseo;cmorlcd cru.occor
":ocdLoeaBsA
oacqot to-rcr-r6onrr1oo1cm 1,-r1o1coou0 <oercmaoceni ccro'lcered cuc<o;acuomecBuA Lo.tccucro'l
dolcrJccolo mr"occor'l eolcm 05.

a"loroocmilolo
34
coro]eua oJ(')oS p etouaoroo otJcojlgJols
dOJCm O'Doolooff)ol5gooo (vascular bundle)
mruJ66BClel3and. potoor'lo8 oomrelo (xylem),
(phloem)
"-dcAccoro "Ocml @6rBJrDroo oDooJ
or)cDeereuE 6c6rDoHSJml. pnD ffi)oolco
cDeFJogJOS o€rSCD orOC6Lo5E3glOS ffDoOl
orlcDoojld orgoo GyacDlcao)ctsJac6nj. eottol
er;ers o: e:1o4 sloolcm € eLo p€-Jagil cetoao Oo(ruelo
"dcACcOo
oro)loD orcco ecsrrt€olcm ojOl#,gzemo s"lg - s.rz
"-ilgrirro
CTUoQIof)CD CUJ]oOo
ojos m)ooco)Gotocos olrJor]ccncoo;.

O O 0D 01 0l f o nnt gt ol ot3o

cloo G e c uo 6cB g s oanlcot e: o] m) $1 6 em o etcolcerd o er cru el o.


cr,:'lo.:'l cu

potlot, ocum-ler;au0, LS6o"lRll]6uE odrelo.loo 619


"6cr-olsonom
er; e crO p end. sr cr m-r eJ] 6 uA ed 1s eo"l n r,r1 e o g ro'o c o..ro,*fl 9] o5 c m; o
o s ; al a3 end. cd g 6 4 o eoomr'lcor o cu mJ eJ J e p ; o 1s eo1 cu-l; 6 e I o CIA o')
g

c 6 c uo6-sn p cerd. e..rlo cracuateJ; o s eetcororl o


"6e,1 Qcotlo etcu6m
568 glOsaolo fiUoolooCDo Cr)S6OJ Cm]. C6'rdctl c QO)coScSo 6 c5rTl]ffn

.rr c o oi oo a o G 6 c cro 6-68 cr0 e1 cu m; gp ct t co ceni. p ot ao) o fiu o cuoo ff)

c6lo.)l cd m),'o ccorT ao} cm 3.

mlru5oat: giloE oo cruaje com) co sc

Halgg oogc@] ouooJoocD6Al


m.rloimcgil
eoJc6rd .,-d'cgccoro. pelogioE
crr'lc d oT g"ocoo cr.t'lcr-ilcr.l crucruJ
G6croLGolJo
eoegT co6ol cruootool 6srl
ffUooc6CCroo
cm <til a;vro8c orcoel 1ao"1eo14i) o-illroo - 3.13. oocruelo

g; gp "-dc
g cco)oro'l et;oscotcard.
G €)cuodGBUA acm'lm; aga gilo6 oo gcemccorl m"l gomrloE
goa"l oo12[1 S) pE 6]eoEG olcoeJ *.u-1* m-r"lojmcg')
(sieve rube) corcanj alotJectno. m-r"loi mcgil
"-dcpccoxomrloet
oegcsl co-rdeni cruone6c(roeonuE lcompanion cells) o41cm
jllroro - s.r+. .-dcgccoro 1.,1C ro5 ecOt'l cDo G &CUO66B g;o odc gce)o otc@fiEo 6)6 a
G6C@56Bglo a'leo m)ruj6c'ngletlo 6c6rDJcm).

.lsoangila;o cfomSoglalo cruoco6l'0 reccneongccor'l olorccrooo..H5l5lge cotd, 6c6rnDo


o0 cml ru at s ] o 1o.@ oo c o o om ; cm oY g c cor comr'l et g er s ot c erd.
"6 "dc
"-dcgccoronrilelJos
crgortcroo 6scrD)GLrcoJcrDloorcrd ao; .,-Lo"losj6moroilellos oo.lCilqotdocoA
aulcor;o. ao] o"-LslcotJos caco-Jao)ad "i3g3o3gg "-dcgcooo
guaoHslcm eio.)cejlco;3os Gcoo
c<03 cl"locrilo( rsOoloncoloS olcr1gJocgJ6. rol;Sdcd rorg crocelao)ed geneca;rm ocgdcBua
c:ccoo o'rgd-Lolet;o crr'l@'laei'ldoJ6. ac6rruomJlocf, o;agi1eL;o o..rcoeao;algts cccn6cBg;os
otgdgcolo8 oooololJoJcm)ac6rd 6cernJ(m(d? crto"laei6meonuA crueo)oami o-ucorcrlcolo8 eoei-t
oHsJo.ro)J.

ffuooloJ)rn&elagfaJos m"l66B]cm Go-lcosce66BUa G'rdcrodolJcoJoto otvl og cactroeangilceted


e s 6sll nnol:l ellos o0 Hc m)rDJ G6c co ocna0oo;o G.-rc o9j6 et eJ o.l p o Hc eJ cm;"
tOt'l--
elocrocm5iroo
35

You might also like