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CH 05

This document describes various organizational systems used in businesses. It discusses transaction processing systems, enterprise resource planning systems, data warehousing, office automation, groupware, intranets, and factory automation. It also covers managerial support systems like decision support systems and distributed systems like client/server architectures. The document provides examples and brief explanations of these different types of organizational systems used by businesses.

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49 views

CH 05

This document describes various organizational systems used in businesses. It discusses transaction processing systems, enterprise resource planning systems, data warehousing, office automation, groupware, intranets, and factory automation. It also covers managerial support systems like decision support systems and distributed systems like client/server architectures. The document provides examples and brief explanations of these different types of organizational systems used by businesses.

Uploaded by

fajfaj
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 5

Organizational Systems
ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEMS
• TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS
• ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEMS
• DATA WAREHOUSING
• OFFICE AUTOMATION
• GROUPWARE
• INTRANETS
• FACTORY AUTOMATION
*
MANAGERIAL SUPPORT
SYSTEMS
• DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
• DATA MINING
• GROUP SUPPORT SYSTEMS
• GEOGRAPHIC INFO SYSTEMS
• EXECUTIVE INFO SYSTEMS
• EXPERT SYSTEMS
• NEURAL NETWORKS
• VIRTUAL REALITY
*
BATCH vs. ON-LINE
PROCESSING
• BATCH PROCESSING: Accumulate a
suitable batch of transactions, then
process entire batch
• ON-LINE PROCESSING: Process
transactions as they occur, updating all
files almost immediately
*
DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS &
CLIENT/SERVER SYSTEMS
• THE DISTRIBUTION OF
PROCESSING POWER TO MULTIPLE
SITES
• TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND
NETWORKING BECOMES CRITICAL
*
CLIENT/SERVER SYSTEMS
• PROCESSING POWER DISTRIBUTED BETWEEN
A CENTRAL SERVER, SUCH AS A
MINICOMPUTER OR POWERFUL
WORKSTATION, AND A NUMBER OF CLIENT
COMPUTERS, USUALLY DESKTOP
MICROCOMPUTERS
• SPLIT IN RESPONSIBILITIES BETWEEN
SERVER AND CLIENT VARIES FROM
APPLICATION TO APPLICATION
*
CLIENT/SERVER SYSTEMS
• BUILDING BLOCKS OF A CLIENT/SERVER
SYSTEM:
– Client: Wants file, data, or service
– Server: Location of desired support
• MIDDLEWARE: Software needed to
support interaction between clients and
servers
*
CLIENT / SERVER
CLIENT SERVER
REQUESTS

DATA,
SERVICE

USER INTERFACE DATA


APPLICATION APPLICATION FUNCTION
FUNCTION NETWORK RESOURCES
ALTERNATIVE
CLIENT/SERVER MODELS
• TWO-TIER FAT CLIENT OR THIN
SERVER MODEL: Most work done on
client
• TWO-TIER THIN CLIENT OR FAT
SERVER MODEL: Most work done on
server
*
ALTERNATIVE
CLIENT/SERVER MODELS
• THREE-TIER MODEL: Separate
application and database servers. User
interface is on client (tier 1), processing is
on application server (tier 2), and data is
on database server (tier 3)
*
TRANSACTION PROCESSING
SYSTEMS
• PAYROLL
• ORDER ENTRY
• INVENTORY
• ACCOUNTS PAYABLE
• ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
• HUMAN RESOURCES
• MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS PLANNING (MRP)
*
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE
PLANNING SYSTEMS (ERP)
• SPECIAL TYPE OF TRANSACTION
PROCESSING SYSTEM
• A SET OF INTEGRATED BUSINESS
APPLICATIONS PURCHASED FROM A
SOFTWARE VENDOR
• USUALLY INCLUDE MODULES TO CARRY
OUT COMMON BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
*
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE
PLANNING SYSTEMS (ERP)
• DISTINGUISHING FEATURES FROM
EARLIER TPS: Modules integrated
through common definitions, common
database. Modules reflect a particular set
of business processes
• LEADING VENDORS: SAP (German),
Baan, Oracle, and PeopleSoft
*
DATA WAREHOUSING
• ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF
A LARGE DATA STORAGE FACILITY
CONTAINING DATA ON MANY ASPECTS
OF THE ENTERPRISE
• DATA PULLED FROM OPERATIONAL
SYSTEMS, PLACED IN A SEPARATE “DATA
WAREHOUSE”: Users may analyze data
without endangering operational systems
*
DATA WAREHOUSING
THREE TYPES OF SOFTWARE :
• WAREHOUSE CONSTRUCTION SOFTWARE:
Extracts relevant data from databases
• WAREHOUSE OPERATION SOFTWARE:
Stores data, manages warehouse
• WAREHOUSE ACCESS AND ANALYSIS
SOFTWARE: Catalog, query reporting tools
*
OFFICE AUTOMATION
THE USE OF
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY TO
AUTOMATE
VARIOUS
ASPECTS OF
OFFICE
OPERATIONS
OFFICE AUTOMATION
• MICROCOMPUTERS CONNECTED BY
LOCAL AREA NETWORKS (LAN)
• WORD PROCESSING AND APPLICATION
SUITES
• ELECTRONIC MAIL
• WORD PROCESSING
• PHOTOCOPYING
*
OFFICE AUTOMATION
• DOCUMENT PREPARATION
• VOICE MAIL
• DESKTOP PUBLISHING
• PERSONAL DATABASES
• ELECTRONIC CALENDARING
• FACSIMILE MACHINES
*
GROUPWARE

• Software designed to support the work of


groups by facilitating collaboration,
communication, and coordination.
• Groupware technologies are categorized
along two dimensions: “synchronous or
asynchronous“ and “face-to-face
(colocated) or distance".
• Advantages
• Functions or Applications
Groupware Categories

  Same time Different time


"synchronous" "asynchronous"

voting,
shared
Same Place presentation
computers
"colocated" support

videophones, email,
Different Place chat workflow
"distance"
Reasons to use Groupware
o to facilitate communication: make it faster
o to enable communication
o to enable telecommuting
o to cut down on travel costs
o to bring together multiple perspectives and
expertise
o to form groups with common interests where it
wouldn't be possible to gather a sufficient
number of people face-to-face
o to save time and cost in coordinating group work
o to facilitate group problem-solving
o to enable new modes of communication, such as
anonymous interchanges
Groupware
Functions or Applications
Asynchronous Synchronous
Groupware Groupware
• Email • Shared whiteboards
• Newsgroups and mailing • Video communications
lists • Chat systems
• Workflow systems • Decision support systems
• Hypertext • Multi-player games
• Group calendars
• Collaborative writing
systems
INTRANETS
• NETWORK OPERATING WITHIN AN
ORGANIZATION THAT EMPLOYS THE
TCP/IP PROTOCOL
• USES SAME WEB BROWSER, CRAWLER,
SERVER SOFTWARE AS INTERNET
• INTRANETS DELIVER FUNCTIONALITY
OF GROUPWARE AT LOWER COST
*
FACTORY AUTOMATION
• NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED MACHINES
• MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS PLANNING
(MRP)
• COMPUTER-INTEGRATED
MANUFACTURING (CIM)
• COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (CAD): Computer
generates plans for parts
*
FACTORY AUTOMATION
• COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING (CAE):
Computer generates calculations
• GROUP TECHNOLOGY (GT)
• MANUFACTURING RESOURCE PLANNING
(MRP II): Computer consolidates capacity needs
• SUPPLY-CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM):
Controls distribution of raw materials, finished products
*
FACTORY AUTOMATION
• COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING
(CAM): Computers control processes
• MANUFACTURING AUTOMATION
PROTOCOL (MAP): Protocol to ensure open
manufacturing system
• ROBOTICS
*
CHAPTER 5

Organizational Systems

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