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Study of DC Motors

The document describes experiments conducted on DC motors, including testing a DC series motor and a separately excited DC motor. The objectives were to study the construction and components of DC machines, and analyze the performance characteristics of the two types of DC motors. Tests were performed to determine speed-torque and input-output power relationships by varying the load on the motors and measuring electrical and mechanical parameters. Observations from the tests were then plotted on graphs and discussed.

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656 views20 pages

Study of DC Motors

The document describes experiments conducted on DC motors, including testing a DC series motor and a separately excited DC motor. The objectives were to study the construction and components of DC machines, and analyze the performance characteristics of the two types of DC motors. Tests were performed to determine speed-torque and input-output power relationships by varying the load on the motors and measuring electrical and mechanical parameters. Observations from the tests were then plotted on graphs and discussed.

Uploaded by

LAKSITH
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE xxxx – Laboratory Practice III

Study & Test of DC Motors

Instructed by: Mr. Lathika Attanayaka

Name : K.L.U. Sirisena

Index No : 090493R

Field : EE

Date of Exp. : 2010.11.10

Date of Sub. : 2010.11.24


Experiment:

1. Study of DC motors
2. Test on DC Series motors
3. Test on a separately excited DC motor

Objectives:

1. To study the basic construction of a DC machine and to get familiarized with


armature windings and other associated components.

2. To study the actions of eddy current braking and mechanical braking.

3. To study the performance characteristics of DC series motor and separately excited


DC motor.

Apparatus:

Part 1 Part 3
Dismantled DC machine
3 ammeters 0-1-3-10A DC
Part 2 2 voltmeter 0-150-300V DC
DC series motor 3 Rheostats 25 Ω / 10A
Absorption dynamometer 990 Ω / 0.75A
1 ammeter 0-20A 490 Ω / 2A
1 voltmeter 0-300V Tachometer
1 Rheostat 20A/6Ω
Calculations

Part 2 – Dynamometer

Radius of pulley (r) = Circumference/2π = 72cm/2π = 11.46cm = 0.1146 m

Sample Calculation

Input power = Electrical power supplied = V x I

For, W=23 lbs, Input Power = 202 x 13.2 = 2666.4 W


T = (W-w).g.r = (12.7 - 5.443) x 9.8 x 0.1146 = 8.1502 Nm
Output Power = Nrad/s .T = 201.06 x 8.1502 = 1638.68 W

Observations Calculations
Weight on Spring Input Output
Speed/Nr Voltage Current Torque
pan / W balance / w Power Power
(V) (A) (Nm)
lb kg lb kg rpm rad/s (W) (W)
0 0 4 1.814 - - - - - - -
28 12.700 12 5.443 1920 201.06 202 13.2 2666.4 8.1502 1638.68
30 13.607 12 5.443 1880 196.87 202 13.8 2787.6 9.1688 1805.07
32 14.514 13 5.897 1840 192.68 201 14.6 2934.6 9.6776 1864.68
34 15.422 13 5.897 1780 186.40 202 15 3030 10.6973 1993.98
36 16.329 13 5.897 1740 182.21 202 15.4 3110.8 11.7160 2134.77
38 17.236 14 6.350 1720 180.11 202 15.6 3151.2 12.2258 2202.00
40 18.143 14 6.350 1700 178.02 202 15.8 3191.6 13.2445 2357.78
42 19.050 15 6.804 1680 175.92 202 16.2 3272.4 13.7532 2419.47
44 19.958 16 7.257 1640 171.74 202 16.6 3353.2 14.2642 2449.74
46 20.865 16 7.257 1620 169.64 202 17 3434 15.2832 2592.64
48 21.772 16 7.257 1600 167.55 200 17.2 3440 16.3015 2731.32
50 22.679 16 7.257 1500 157.08 200 18 3600 17.3201 2720.65
52 23.586 16 7.257 1400 146.61 198 19.2 3801.6 18.3388 2688.65

Part 3 – Separately Excited DC Motor

Armature Resistance (Ra) = 5.1 Ω

Sample calculation (considering 1st entry)

Pin = V2.I2 = 208 x 1 = 208W


Copper loss = I22 . Ra = 12.(5.1) = 5.1W
Mech. Loss = P2(0) = V2(0).I2(0) - I22(0).Ra = 210x0.5 – 0.52x5.1 = 103.725W
Pout = P2 – P2(0) = Mech. Power developed – Mech. Loss
= (Electrical power input – Armature copper loss) – Mech. Loss
= (V2.I2 - I22 . Ra) - P2(0)
= (208 – 5.1 – 103.725) W
= 99.175 W
Observations Calculations
I2(A) V2(V) N(rpm) I2(0)(A) V2(0)(V) Pin(W) Copper Mechanica Pout (W)
loss (W) l Loss (W)
1 208 1500 0.5 210 208 5.1 103.725 99.175
2 208 1486 0.5 210 416 20.4 103.725 291.875
3 206 1478 0.5 210 618 45.9 103.725 468.375
4 206 1468 0.5 210 824 81.6 103.725 638.675
5 204 1462 0.5 210 1020 127.5 103.725 788.775
6 204 1454 0.5 210 1224 183.6 103.725 936.675
7 202 1448 0.5 210 1414 249.9 103.725 1060.375
8 200 1440 0.5 210 1600 326.4 103.725 1169.875
9 200 1432 0.5 210 1800 413.1 103.725 1283.175
10 198 1425 0.5 210 1980 510 103.725 1366.275
Results

(a) Speed Vs Torque


(b) Speed Vs Armature Current
(c) Pin Vs Pout
Discussion

(1).

In construction of motors, different materials are used for different application considering
their electrical and mechanical properties for better performance motor configuration.

Stator –

Rotor –

Windings – copper wires

Commutators -

Brushes – Graphite,xx

(2).

A DC motor basically consists of Stator, Rotor, Commutator, Brushes (opt.) and


Bearings. A brief description of each part is as belows.

And following figure gives a general idea about the construction.

(Fundamental parts of a direct current machine)

1 =  bearings         7 =  collector


2 =  lifting eyebolt 8 =  stator
3 =  bearings 9 =  brushes and brush holder
4 =  shaft support flange 10= collector support flange
5 =  ventilation turbine 11= cover
6 =  armature

(http://www.delorenzogroup.com/dl/demo/DLelma/VirLab/A_teor_E/T_Con/Con_Gen.htm)
Stator

S tator stays still inside the motor while in operation. It supplies the electromagnetic field for
the armature winding to exert a force on itself (armature wng) when a current passes.
Two types of stators,

 Permanent magnet
 Electromagnet (using a field winding)

As shown in figure, the winding is wound through


the slots and thereby, magnetizing the pole shoes
of the stator. Stator is constructed with the parts
labeled in the figure.

A =  commutating pole       F =  armature conductors


B =  commutating winding G =  frame
C =  inductor coil H =  bar collector
D =  polar core I =  brushes and brush holder
E =  pole shoe L =  balancing conductors
(http://www.delorenzogroup.com/dl
/demo/DLelma/VirLab/A_teor_E/T_Con/Con_Gen.htm)

Rotor

Rotor is the moving part of the motor. This consists of the armature winding which is
wound around its slots. Usually the rotor is constructed by packing a set of laminations to
minimize eddy current losses. And its shaft is mounted to the bearings of the motor.

As illustrated above the rotor arrangement is position in between of the stator pole (pole
shoes).

Commutator and Brushes


Commutator is the collection of copper strips which distribute the supplied current
among parallel armature winding paths.
Speed Vs Torque – DC series motor

Speed (rpm) Torque (Nm)


1400 18.3388
1500 17.3201
1600 16.3015
1620 15.2832
1640 14.2642
1680 13.7532
1700 13.2445
1720 12.2258
1740 11.7160
1780 10.6973
1840 9.6776
1880 9.1688
1920 8.1502
Speed Vs Torque – Separately Excited DC motor

Speed (rpm) Torque (Nm)


1500
1486
1478
1468
1462
1454
1448
1440
1432
1425
Speed Vs Armature Current – DC series motor

Speed (rpm) Current (A)


1400 19.2
1500 18.0
1600 17.2
1620 17.0
1640 16.6
1680 16.2
1700 15.8
1720 15.6
1740 15.4
1780 15.0
1840 14.6
1880 13.8
1920 13.2
Speed Vs Armature Current – Separately Excited DC motor

Speed (rpm) Torque (Nm)


1500 1
1486 2
1478 3
1468 4
1462 5
1454 6
1448 7
1440 8
1432 9
1425 10
Input Power Vs Output Power – DC series motor

Pin (W) Pout (W)


2666.4 1638.68
2787.6 1805.07
2934.6 1864.68
3030.0 1993.98
3110.8 2134.77
3151.2 2202.00
3191.6 2357.78
3272.4 2419.47
3353.2 2449.74
3434.0 2592.64
3440.0 2731.32
3600.0 2720.65
3801.6 2688.65
Input Power Vs Output Power – Sep. Exc. DC motor

Pin (W) Pout (W)


208 99.175
416 291.875
618 468.375
824 638.675
1020 788.775
1224 936.675
1414 1060.375
1600 1169.875
1800 1283.175
1980 1366.275

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