Modul : 01
PT3163
SISTEM KOMUNIKASI BERGERAK
Pengenalan Sistem Cellular
Program Studi D3 Teknik Transmisi
Jurusan Teknik Elektro – Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Telkom
BANDUNG, 2006
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Klasifikasi WIRELESS
contoh :
point to point communication, infra
Non
red communication, LMDS,
Cellular
Fixed Microwave communication
Wireless
contoh :
Cellular PHS, CT2, PACS, DCS1800,
DECT
Wireless
Communication contoh :
Non paging system (ERMES, NTT, NEC)
Cellular , dispatching system, PAMR (Public
Access Mobile Radio) dsb
Mobile
Wireless contoh :
Cellular GSM, CDMA/IS-95, AMPS, UMTS,
PHS, DCS1800, NMT450, TACS,
C-450, dsb
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Sistem Komunikasi Bergerak
Syarat
Ada sedikitnya satu terminal bergerak di dalam komunikasi
Pada awalnya
Daya pancar tinggi
Antena setinggi-tingginya
Cakupan sel sebesar-besarnya
Konsep Handoff tidak ada
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Generasi Awal Sistem Komunikasi
Bergerak
Radio tower
Kelemahan
Radio tower
Biaya mahal karena perlu penguat
daya tinggi dan antena tinggi
Kenyamanan pelanggan terganggu
saat berpindah cakupan
Kapasitas rendah
Efisiensi spektrum rendah
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Perkembangan Siskomber
Satelit
GMPCS (Global Mobile
Personal Communication
System)
Sistem Komunikasi Iridium,Globalstar
bergerak
Terestrial
Siskomber Selluler
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Klasifikasi Sistem Cellular
Menurut Daerah Jangkauan Menurut Sistem Transmisi
(Coverage) yang digunakan
1. Large Zone (Single 1. STB dgn Transmisi
Cell/Convensional). Tereterial.
* Radius +/- 20 miles. * Radio Teresterial
* STKB – Inti. (VHF/UHF).
2. Multi Zone (Cellular). * Single Cell
* STB ( NMT, GSM, Convensional & Cellular.
CDMA. 2. STB dgn Transmisi
3. Global System (Mobile Satelite.
Satelite). * Iridium , Globalstar,
* Iridium, GMPCS
Globalstar,GMPCS
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Standar Sistem Seluler
Sistem Seluler Analog – Generasi Pertama
AMPS ( Advanced Mobile Phone System )
NMT 450 ( Nordic Mobile Phone )
TACS ( Total Access Communication System )
Sistem Seluler Digital – Generasi Kedua
GSM ( Global System for Mobile Communication )
DAMPS ( Digital AMPS )
CDMA/IS-95
Generasi Ketiga
IMT 2000
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Technology Cellular.
1G - Analog voice service
AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service)
wireless - No data service
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) - Digital voice service
2G - 9.6K to 14.4K bit/sec.
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)
- CDMA, TDMA and PDC offer
wireless GSM one-way data transmissions only
(Global System for Mobile - Enhanced calling features
Communications) like caller ID
- No always-on data connection
PDC (Personal Digital Cellular)
W-CDMA - Superior voice quality
3G - Up to 2M bit/sec.
(Wide-band Code Division Multiple
- always-on data
wireless Access) - Broadband data services
like video & multimedia
CDMA-2000 - Enhanced roaming
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Cellular Evolution : European ways
1G 2G 2.5G 3G
IMT-2000/
TACS, GPRS &
GSM
NMT, etc EDGE UMTS
Analog Digital speech, Digital speech, 4 QoS Class :
speech low speed data low speed data, Conversational,
medium speed streaming,
interactive, &
up to 384 kbs background
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2G Vs 3G
2G 3G
Layanan Suara+ Aplikasi
Low data rate Multimedia
Kapasitas 22,8 kb/s 2 Mb/s
Transmisi
Switching/ Routing Circuit Packet
Pentarifan Time and Location Volume Based
based
1980: 1990: 2000:
s s s
1 2 3
st nd rd
Generasi Generasi Generasi
Analog Digital pita lebar
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Advanced Mobile Phone Service.
• Pioneer of cellular telecommunications
• FDMA-based analog system
– Low capacity of subscriber per cell
• Unsecure
– Phone number can be scanned and copied
– Voice conversation is not encrypted
Cell
Scanner
Mobile Identifier Base Station
Number, Equipment
Serial Nubmer,
Voice data
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Global System for Mobile Communications.
• The most popular of cellular technologies
– Supported in nearly all countries
• TDMA-based digital system
– 8 times capacity of AMPS per frequency band
• Secure
– All information exchange between Mobile Station (MS)
and Base Station (BS) are encrypted
A5 A5
Algorithm Algorithm
BS/MSC/AU
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Cellular System Architecture.
Mobile Stations
(MS)
Base Transceiver
Station (BTS) A interface
Base Station
Controller (BSC)
Base Transceiver
Station (BTS)
Abis interface
Base Station (BS)
Public Switche
Mobile
Telephone Netw
Switching
Um interface Centre
(PSTN)
(MSC)
Base Transceiver
Station (BTS)
Base Station
Controller (BSC) CCITT
Signalling
Base Transceiver
Station (BTS)
Abis interface System No. 7
Base Station (BS) (SS7)
interface
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CDMAOne.
• Newest cellular phone standard
– Developed by Qualcomm
– Supported mainly in the Americas and East Asia
• CDMA-based digital system
– Up to 18 times capacity of AMPS per frequency
band
• Very Secure
– Listeners need the right descrambler key
– Optional encryption is also available
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Perbandingan
AMPS GSM CDMA/IS-95
Akses jamak FDMA TDMA DS-CDMA
Modulasi FM GMSK QPSK
Bandwidth RF 30 kHz 200 kHz 1,25 MHz
Kanal / carrier RF 1 8 20 – 30
Frekunsi Uplink 824 – 849 890 – 915 824 – 849
MHz MHz MHz
Frekuensi Downlink 869 – 894 935 – 960 869 – 894
MHz MHz MHz
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Trend Teknologi Seluler
Syarat Pelayanan
Aplikasi multimedia baru
Arsitektur layanan terpadu
Layanan berbasis Internet Protocol
Data Kecepatan tinggi
Suara kualitas tinggi
Teknologi Akses
WCDMA ( Wideband Code Division Multiple
Access)
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Cellular Evolution and 3G Roadmap.
GSM GSM GPRS W-CDMA HSDPA
Europe
HSCSD EDGE UMTS
PDC
Japan PDC PDC+
D-AMPS D-AMPS
North America CDMA2000
IS-95 IS-95 1X-RTT EV-DV
North America
IS-95B EV-DO
2G 2.5G 3G 3G+
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9.6-14 kbps 114-384 kbps 0.384-2 Mbps >5 Mbps
Data Rate and Mobility.
Mobility
Vehicle
4G
Mobile
3G
Pedestrian Mobile
IEEE802.11a
HIPERLAN/2
IEEE802.11g
IEEE802.11b
Stationary
Future high
IEEE802.15.3
Bluetooth speed RLAN
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Data Rate [Mbps]
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3G Open Systems Technology Platform
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Visi dari Teknologi Wireless 3G
Global
Satellite
Suburban Urban
In Building
Picocell
Microcell
Macrocell
PDA Terminal
Audio Visual
Basic terminal Terminal
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GMPCS
Global Mobile Personal Communication System
Definisi awal : Sistem satelit orbit non
geostasioner , disebut juga Big Leo
Frekuensi diatas 1 GHz
Layanan suara dan data narrow band
Dianggap sebagai komponen IMT 2000 , yang
menyatukan berbagai sistem dalam satu
infrastruktur radio terpadu
Komunikasi anywhere and anytime
Definisi sekarang : Semua sistem yang
memberikan layanan telekomunikasi dari
gugusan satelit baik trans-nasional, regional,
maupun basis global
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