AIRFRAME STRUCTURAL DESIGN Practical Design Information and Data on Aircraft Structures By MICHAEL CHUN-YUNG NIU Lockheed Aeronautical Systems Company Burbank, California CONMILIT PRESS LTD,© 1988 Conmilit Press Lid. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval devices or systems, ‘nithout prior written permission from the publisher. ‘Second printing, January, 1989 Allenquiries should be directed to: CONMILIT PRESS LTD. 22/F, Sing Pao Building 101 Ring's Road North Point HONG KONG Thx: 62489 CANID HX or: TECHNICAL BOOK COMPANY 2056 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, California 90025, USA, Telephone: (213}475-5 Any suggestions and comments, please forward to: Michael C. Y. Niw ‘Author of the book “AIRFRAME SfRUCTURAL DESIGN™ cfa TECHNICAL BOOK COMPANY ISBN No: 962-7128-04-XPreface This book is intended to advance the technical understanding and practical knowledge of both py engineers and students. The book represents several decades of data collection, research, conve Gifferent airframe specialist, plus the author's more than twenty years’ experience in aifframe structs design. In addition, the text 1s partly based on the author's lecture (Structures, Symposium of Airframe Design) for the Lockheed Extension Education Program (LEEP). Its, therefore, equally useful to these aves primary degrees in engincering fields as.a reference for designing advanced structures, From a structural standpoint, the book is intended to be used asa tool to lelp achieve strctuel integrity according to, government regulations, specications, criteria, te, for designing commercial or miltary transport, military fighters, as well as genera aviation airraft 1 ean also be consiered as a toubeshootg bide for airline structural maintenance and repair engineers ov as a supplementary handbook in teaching suteraft structural design in college. Airerat design encompasses almost al he engineering daciplines ard is not prattcal to cover all the information and data within one book, Instead, relevant relerenese ane Dresented at the end of each chapter so thatthe reader can explore his own personal imerests tr preter detail. This book does not cover basic strength of materials and Structural (or stress) analysis Its seemed that the reader already has this background knowledge [This book is divided into a total of sixteen chapters and emphasizes itemized write-ups, tables, graphs and iihsrations to lead directly to points of intrest, The data can be used for designing and sizing drframe structures and, wherever needed, example calculations are presented for clatfication. As. technslogy continues to progress, basic technical data hold true, however, to suit today’s design such as advanced ‘composite structure some modification to the analysis may be required. In preparing this book, it was necessary to obtain and collec! vast amounts of information and data from many sources, (Information and data used in this book does not constitute official endorsement, elther expressed or implied, by the manufacturers or the Lockheed Aeronautical Systems Company) Sincere appreciation is given to the Technical Information Center of Lockheed Actottautical Systems Company (LASC) for their gracious help. Thanks also to those who conributed to this book. my colleagues at Lessee and other specialists from various companies. Special thanks 0 Mr. Richard W Baker (Research wad Development Engineer of LASC) for his valuable comments in reviewing most of thc drafts Also, | would lke £0 express my appreciation to Mr. Anthony C Jackson (Composite Design Depariment Manager of LASC) for bis comments on Chapter 14.0, Advanced Composite Structures; and to my daughter Nints Niu for her help with this book. Lastly, itis my hope that this book, with its wide scope and information on the application of technology on aircraft structural design wil prove not only to be a valuable reference tool for desgning sound airframe ith structural imegrty but also as a “bridge” to carry over the valuable experience and knowledge from those who have retired from the aircraft industry 10 the next generation of engineers, However, ay Suggestions and comments for revision would he greatly appreciated by the author. Michact Chun-yung Niw California USA, Mareh, 1988