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Flowchart 16

The document discusses the basic organization and design of computers. It provides an overview of instruction codes, computer registers, instructions, timing and control, the instruction cycle, memory reference instructions, input-output and interrupts. It also includes a flow chart of the instruction cycle and details on determining the type of instruction, with examples of register reference instructions.

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132 views4 pages

Flowchart 16

The document discusses the basic organization and design of computers. It provides an overview of instruction codes, computer registers, instructions, timing and control, the instruction cycle, memory reference instructions, input-output and interrupts. It also includes a flow chart of the instruction cycle and details on determining the type of instruction, with examples of register reference instructions.

Uploaded by

amit1650
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Computer Orgsnization and Design 1 Lecture 16

Overview
Instruction Codes

 Computer Registers

 Computer Instructions

 Timing and Control

 Instruction Cycle

 Memory Reference Instructions

 Input-Output and Interrupt

 Complete Computer Description

CSE 211, Computer Organization and Architecture Harjeet Kaur, CSE/IT


Basic Computer Orgsnization and Design 2 Lecture 16

Flow Chart (Instruction Cycle)


Start
SC <-- 0

T0
AR <-- PC

T1
IR <-- M[AR], PC <-- PC + 1

T2
Decode Opcode in IR(12-14),
AR <-- IR(0-11), I <-- IR(15)

(Register or I/O) = 1 = 0 (Memory-reference)


D7

(I/O) = 1 = 0 (register) (indirect) = 1 = 0 (direct)


I I

T3 T3 T3 T3
Execute Execute AR <-- M[AR] Nothing
input-output register-reference
instruction instruction
SC <-- 0 SC <-- 0 Execute T4
memory-reference
instruction
SC <-- 0

CSE 211, Computer Organization and Architecture Harjeet Kaur, CSE/IT


Basic Computer Orgsnization and Design 3 Lecture 16

Determining Type of Instruction

D'7IT3: AR M[AR]

D'7I'T3:Nothing

D7I'T3: Execute a register-reference instr.

D7IT3: Execute an input-output instr.

CSE 211, Computer Organization and Architecture Harjeet Kaur, CSE/IT


Basic Computer Orgsnization and Design 4 Lecture 16

Register Reference Instruction


Register Reference Instructions are identified when
- D7 = 1, I = 0
- Register Ref. Instr. is specified in b0 ~ b11 of IR
- Execution starts with timing signal T3

r = D7 IT3 => Register Reference Instruction


Bi = IR(i) , i=0,1,2,...,11
r: SC  0
CLA rB11: AC  0
CLE rB10: E0
CMA rB9: AC  AC’
CME rB8: E  E’
CIR rB7: AC  shr AC, AC(15)  E, E  AC(0)
CIL rB6: AC  shl AC, AC(0)  E, E  AC(15)
INC rB5: AC  AC + 1
SPA rB4: if (AC(15) = 0) then (PC  PC+1)
SNA rB3: if (AC(15) = 1) then (PC  PC+1)
SZA rB2: if (AC = 0) then (PC  PC+1)
SZE rB1: if (E = 0) then (PC  PC+1)
HLT rB0: S  0 (S is a start-stop flip-flop)
CSE 211, Computer Organization and Architecture Harjeet Kaur, CSE/IT

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