Scribd
Upload
121 views8 pages

Sense and Reference

This document discusses different linguistic concepts including sense, reference, hyponymy, and synonymy. Sense refers to the inherent meaning of a linguistic form, while reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real world. Hyponymy describes sets of words that share a common feature or characteristic, with superordinates as the upper terms and hyponyms as the lower terms. Synonymy refers to words that have the same or nearly the same meaning, with examples given of words that can substitute for each other in sentences. Examples are provided to illustrate synonymy and how meanings can vary slightly based on context.

Uploaded by

Muhd Faisal Samsudin
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
121 views8 pages

Sense and Reference

This document discusses different linguistic concepts including sense, reference, hyponymy, and synonymy. Sense refers to the inherent meaning of a linguistic form, while reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real world. Hyponymy describes sets of words that share a common feature or characteristic, with superordinates as the upper terms and hyponyms as the lower terms. Synonymy refers to words that have the same or nearly the same meaning, with examples given of words that can substitute for each other in sentences. Examples are provided to illustrate synonymy and how meanings can vary slightly based on context.

Uploaded by

Muhd Faisal Samsudin
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

GROUP 3

Sense & Reference : Polysemy, Synonymy, hyponymy and Antonymy


Member Group : Muhd Faisal Syamim Mohd Fahmi Yusuf Mohd Ridhauddin Wan Afandi Ooi Wen Bin Muhammad Nazreen

SENSE & REFERENCE


y

Sense: Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. It is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form; it is abstract and decontextualized.

Reference: Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.

HYPONOMY
Hyponomy are sets of words that have the same feature. y Examples : transport = aeroplanes, ship, car, van, lorry y The lexical representation for the word : dress, shirt, pants, jackets have all the feature clothes.
y

The name for the class, which is the upper term in this sense relation, is called SUPERORDINATE , and the lower terms, the members, HYPONYMS. A superordinate usually has several hyponyms. These members of the same class are CO-HYPONYMS.

SYNONYMY
Sameness of meaning. Synonyms are words that sound different but have the same or nearly the same meaning. Synonyms are two or more forms with same sense, which are often, but not always, intersubstitutable in sentences. For example:

broad=wide, hide=conceal, almost=nearly, cab=taxi, liberty=freedom, There is a degree of closeness in meaning. Strict and loose synonymy Synonymy like all sense relations is context dependent.

Examples of sentences that have very similar meanings


Examples 1 He looks at me. He stares at me. He glances at me. He winks at me. He calls me. He contacts me. He messages to me. He loves me.

Examples 2 Hes always in my head. Hes always in my mind. Examples 3 I want to detest him. I want to hate him. I want to abhor him. I want to dislike him.

Examples 4 I cant stand this situation. I cant bear to be away from him.

You might also like