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The document describes constant pressure heating of liquid water in a cylinder-piston assembly using diagrams. It explains that as the water is heated at constant pressure, its temperature and specific volume increase along path 12. At point 2, vaporization starts and continues along path 2-3 where temperature and pressure remain constant until point 3 of saturated vapor is reached. Further heating produces superheated vapor above the saturation temperature. Heating at different pressures results in the temperature-volume diagram shown in Fig 11.3(b) with saturated liquid and vapor lines. The document then refers to the T-s and h-s diagrams in Figures 11.4 and 11.5 respectively.

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233 views

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The document describes constant pressure heating of liquid water in a cylinder-piston assembly using diagrams. It explains that as the water is heated at constant pressure, its temperature and specific volume increase along path 12. At point 2, vaporization starts and continues along path 2-3 where temperature and pressure remain constant until point 3 of saturated vapor is reached. Further heating produces superheated vapor above the saturation temperature. Heating at different pressures results in the temperature-volume diagram shown in Fig 11.3(b) with saturated liquid and vapor lines. The document then refers to the T-s and h-s diagrams in Figures 11.4 and 11.5 respectively.

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vijay_khandge
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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(c)

Diagram

Refer to diagram shown in Fig 11.3. Let us consider constant pressure heating of liquid water in a cylinder-piston assembly. If the water is initially at state 1, on heating at constant pressure, the temperature and the specific volume of the water increase and follows the path 12 as shown in Fig 11.3(a).

Figure 11.3
At point 2 vaporization starts. The vaporization process is represented by 2-3. During vaporization, temperature and pressure remain constant. The point 3 represents saturated vapour. Further heating produces super heated vapour, that is vapour above its saturation temperature at the specified pressure. If the constant pressure heating is done at several different pressures, the resulting temperature-volume diagram becomes as it is shown in Fig 11.3 (b). The curve AC represents saturated liquid line and the curve BC represents the saturated vapour line.

(d) T-s diagram


Let us refer to the T-s diagram shown in Figure 11.4

Figure 11.4

(e) Enthalopy-entropy diagram or Mollier diagram. Refer to figure 11.5 which is known as h-s diagram.

 

Heat interaction in an isobaric process is equal to change in enthalpy of the system. For a flow process (will be discussed later) the work done by an adiabatic device is equal to the decrease in enthalpy of the flowing fluid. A throttling process is an isenthalpic process. A throttling process is a process in which a fluid flows from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure without exchanging energy as heat or work. A reversible adiabatic process is an isentropic process.

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