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Lec14a C

Arrays in C are collections of values indexed by integers that must have a known type and size at compile time. Arrays store elements sequentially in memory. An array name is a pointer to the first element, and pointer arithmetic can be used to access elements. Strings are arrays of characters terminated by a null character. Pointers can be used to iterate through arrays and process each element.

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31 views

Lec14a C

Arrays in C are collections of values indexed by integers that must have a known type and size at compile time. Arrays store elements sequentially in memory. An array name is a pointer to the first element, and pointer arithmetic can be used to access elements. Strings are arrays of characters terminated by a null character. Pointers can be used to iterate through arrays and process each element.

Uploaded by

vivekscribd1
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Arrays

Array: Typed collection of values indexed by nonnegative integers. Type and size must be known at compile time, except in the case of formal parameters:
int a[20]; void sort(int b[], int n);

Arrays in C are stored one-dimensionally:


piece chess[8][8]; (chess has type piece *)

Strings are arrays of characters:


char msg[21] = Enter your password:;
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Pointers and Arrays


An array name is considered pointer to first element: int a[5];
a is pointer to a[0] pa = &a[0] and pa = a mean the same thing a+1 means L-value of a[0] plus as many bytes as are needed to store value of elements of as type
Pointer arithmetic is an address calculation with respect to the underlying representation

An array name is a constant pointer


a++ and a = pa are illegal
21

CS 314 - Spring 2004 Doug DeCarlo

Arrays and Pointers


Pointer Arithmetic:
int j = 5; int *k = &j; (*k+2) means ((*k)+2) : legal R-value, illegal L-value (k+2) : legal R-value, illegal L-value *(k+2) : legal R-value, legal L-value
(perhaps not meaningful)
1024

5 j
1024

1032

General Rule:
Given declaration T *ptr; (ptr + k) points to location ptr + k sizeof(T)
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Arrays and Pointers


Two ways to process the array A[20]
with subscripts: int k; for(k=0; k < 20; k++){ A[k] = 0; } with pointers: int *ap; for(ap=A; ap < A+20; ap++){ *ap = 0; }

23

CS 314 - Spring 2004 Doug DeCarlo

Strings and Pointers


The library package string.h assumes that a string is an array of characters terminated by \0. Thus:
char name[5] = Mary;

Example:
int strlen(char const *str) { int n=0; for( ; *str != \0; str++) { n+=1;} return n; }
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Strings and Pointers


Example:
char *strcpy(char *dst, char const *src) { char *str = dst; for( ; *src != \0 ; src++, dst++) {*dst = *src;} *dst = \0; return str; }

Caution: Programmer must guarantee that dst has been allocated enough memory to store src
25

CS 314 - Spring 2004 Doug DeCarlo

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