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Number Patterns and Sequences f1

This document discusses number patterns and sequences, including finding common multiples, the lowest common multiple (LCM), common factors, and the highest common factor (HCF) of numbers. Examples are provided to illustrate each concept, as well as test questions and exercises.

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juriah binti ibrahim
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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55 views29 pages

Number Patterns and Sequences f1

This document discusses number patterns and sequences, including finding common multiples, the lowest common multiple (LCM), common factors, and the highest common factor (HCF) of numbers. Examples are provided to illustrate each concept, as well as test questions and exercises.

Uploaded by

juriah binti ibrahim
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOPIC : NUMBER PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES Sub Topic : 2.

7 Common Multiples and Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)


Learning Outcomes : i. Find the common multiples of two or three whole numbers. ii. Determine whether a number is the common multiple of two or three given numbers. iii. Determine the LCM of two or three given numbers.

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1 2 4

16

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Find the first three common multiples of 2 and 3 Solution 2 Multiples 2 :


.

4 6

6 9

10 12 14 16 18 20 18 15 18

Multiples 3 :

12

The first three common multiples of 2 and 3 are 6, 12 and 18


Wednesday, January 04, 2012

Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)


1. The lowest common multiple (LCM) of two or three given numbers is the smallest common multiple of the given numbers. 2. The lowest common multiple (LCM) can be found by two methods: (i) Listing down the multiples (ii) Using algorithm

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Example : Find the lowest common multiple 6, 8 and 12. Method (i) Method (ii)

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Listing down the multiples 6 8 12 12 16 24 18 24 30 36 42 48 24 32 40 48 36 48

Multiples of 6 : Multiples of 8 : Multiples of 12 :

The common multiples of 6, 8 and 12 are 24, 48 Therefore the lowest common multiple (LCM) of 6, 8 and 12 is 24.
Wednesday, January 04, 2012

Using algorithm
2 6, 8, 12 2 3, 4, 6 2 3, 2, 3 3 3, 1, 3 1 , 1, 1

Carry on the division although 3 is not divisible by 2.

Stop dividing when each quotient is 1

Therefore the LCM of 6, 8 and 12 =

= 24

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Common Factors
1. A common factor is a number which is a factor of two or more numbers For example :3 is a factor of 6 3 is a factor of 9 Therefore, 3 is a common factor of 6 and 9.

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Example :
Find the common factors of (a) 8 and 12 Solution ( a )
.

(b)

4, 6 and 8

Factors of 8 : Factors of 12 :

1 1

2 2 2 2

4 3

8 4 4 6 12

Therefore the common factors of 8 and 12 are 1, 2 and 4.


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Solution ( b )
.

Factors of 4 : Factors of 6 : Factors of 8 :

1 1 1

2 2 2 2

4 4 4 4 6 8

Therefore the common factors of 4, 6 and 8 are 1 and 2

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Test Yourself 1
The first three common multiples of 2, 3 and 4 are A B C D 6, 12, 18 6, 18, 24 12, 18, 24 12, 24, 36

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Test Yourself 2
If 8 is a multiple of three numbers, what are those numbers?
A B C D 1, 2, 4 2, 3, 4 3, 4, 8 4, 5, 8

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Test Yourself 3
Which of the following is not common multiple of 8 and 9?
A B C D 36 72 144 216

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Test Yourself 4
Find the lowest common multiple of 3, 4 and 6
A B C D 12 18 36 72

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TOPIC : NUMBER PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES


Sub Topic : 2.8 Common Factors and Highest Common Factor (HCF) Learning Outcomes : i. Find common factors of two or three whole numbers. ii. Determine whether a number is a common factor of two or three given whole numbers. iii. Determine the HCF of two or three given numbers.
Wednesday, January 04, 2012

Common Factors
1. A common factor is a number which is a factor of two or more numbers For example :4 is a factor of 8 4 is a factor of 16 Therefore, 4 is a common factor of 8 and 16.

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Example :
(a) Solution Factors of 12 : Factors of 16 : 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 8 6 16 12 Find the common factors of 12 and 16

The common factors of 12 and 16 are 1, 2 and 4


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Example :
(b) Find the common factors of 9, 15 and 21 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 9 5 7 15 21

Factors of 9

Factors of 15 : Factors of 21 :

Therefore the common factors of 9,15 and 21 are 1 and 3

Wednesday, January 04, 2012

Highest Common Factor (HCF)


1. The Highest Common Factor (HCF) of several number is the largest common factor of those numbers 2. The Highest Common Factor (HCF) can be found by two methods: (i) Listing Method (ii) Using algorithm

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Example : Find the Highest Common Factor (HCF) of 18, 24 and 36.

Method (i) Method (ii)

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Listing down the multiples 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 6 4 4 9 6 6 18 8 9 12 24 12 18 36

The factors of 18 : The factors of 24 : The factors of 36 :

The common factors of 18, 24 and 36 are 1, 2, 3 and 6 Therefore the highest common factor (HCF) of 18, 24 and 36 is 6.
Wednesday, January 04, 2012

Using algorithm
2 36, 18,24 3 3 18, 9, 12 6 , 3, 4

Division stops here because dividing when each quotient is 6, 3, and 4 do not have any common factors

Therefore the HCF of 18, 24 and 36 = = 6

Wednesday, January 04, 2012

Test Yourself 1
Find all the common factors of 12 and 16.
A B C D 1,2 and 4 1, 2 and 6 1,2,3 and 4 1,2,4,and 8

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Test Yourself 2
60 is the lowest common multiple of

A B C D

15 and 24 12 and 24 12 and 15 12 and 20

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Test Yourself 3
The highest common factor (HCF) of 27, 45 and 54 is A B C D 3 6 7 9

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Test Yourself 4
6 , 18 , 51 , 42 , 35 How many of the numbers above have a highest common factor of 6? A B C D 2 3 4 5

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EXERCISE : NUMBER PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES (LCM)

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EXERCISE : NUMBER PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES (HCF)

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CREATED BY: EN SALLEHUDIN BIN TAHIR PN LATIFAH BT OTHMAN PN HASNAH BT OSMAN PN SITI KARTINI BT JAMAL CIK ZAINAB BT SAMAD CIK AIDAH MAHERAN BT MD AZNAN CIK MARYANI BT SIRASH

Wednesday, January 04, 2012

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