FORMULA SHEET EE2FH3

1
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
sin( ) sin cos cos sin A B A B A B =
cos( ) cos cos sin sin A B A B A B =
2sin sin cos( ) cos( ) A B A B A B = +
2sin cos sin( ) sin( ) A B A B A B = + +
2cos cos cos( ) cos( ) A B A B A B = + +
sin sin 2sin[( ) / 2]cos[( ) / 2] A B A B A B + = +
sin sin 2cos[( ) / 2]sin[( ) / 2] A B A B A B = +
cos cos 2cos[( ) / 2]cos[( ) / 2] A B A B A B + = +
cos cos 2sin[( ) / 2]sin[( ) / 2] A B A B A B = +
2
sin (1 cos 2 ) / 2 A A =
2
cos (1 cos 2 ) / 2 A A = +
2
sin 2 2sin cos 2tan / (1 tan ) A A A A A = = +
2 2 2 2
cos 2 cos sin 1 2sin 2cos 1 A A A A A = = =

DERIVATIVES OF ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS
( .) 0 const ' =
( ) 1 x ' =
1
( )
k k
x kx

' =
( )
x x
e e ' =
( ) ln
x x
a a a ' =
(ln ) 1/ x x ' =
1
(log ) , 1, 0
ln
a
x a x
x a
' = = >
(sin ) cos x x ' =
(cos ) sin x x ' =
2
1
(tan ) , (2 1)
cos
x x k
x
t ' = = +
2
1
(cot ) ,
sin
x x k
x
t ' = =
2
1
(arcsin ) ,| | 1
1
x x
x
' = <

2
1
(arccos ) ,| | 1
1
x x
x
' = <

2
1
(arctan )
1
x
x
' =
+

2
1
(arccot )
1
x
x
' =
+

(sinh ) cosh x x ' =
(cosh ) sinh x x ' =
2
2
1
(tanh ) 1 tanh
cosh
x x
x
' = =
2
2
1
(coth ) 1 coth
sinh
x x
x
' = =
2
1
(arcsinh )
1
x
x
' =
+

2
1
(arccosh ) , 1
1
x x
x
' = >

2
1
(arctanh ) ,| | 1
1
x x
x
' = <

2
1
(arccoth ) ,| | 1
1
x x
x
' = >

BASIC INTEGRALS OF ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS
1
, 1
1
n
n
x
x dx n
n
+
= =
+
}

x x
e dx e =
}
,
ln
x
x
a
a dx
a
=
}

sin cos xdx x =
}
,
cos sin xdx x =
}

2
cot
sin
dx
x
x
=
}

tan lncos xdx x =
}

ln
dx
x
x
=
}

2
tan
cos
dx
x
x
=
}

cot lnsin xdx x =
}

ln tan
cos 2 4
dx x
x
t ( | |
= +
| (
\ .
}

ln tan
sin 2
dx x
x
| |
=
|
\ .
}

SOME INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
2 2 3/ 2
2 2 2
1
( )
x
dx
a x
a a x
=

}

2 2 3/ 2
2 2
1
( )
x
dx
a x
a x
=
+
+
}

( )
2
2 2
2 2 3/ 2
2 2
ln
( )
x x
dx x a x
a x
a x
= + + +
+
+
}

3 2
2 2
2 2 3/ 2
2 2
( )
x a
dx a x
a x
a x
= + +
+
+
}

2 2
1 1
arctan
x
dx
a x a a
| |
=
|
+
\ .
}

( )
2 2
2 2
1
ln
2
x
dx a x
a x
= +
+
}

2 2
1 1
ln arctanh ,| |
2 1
1
arccoth ,| |
a x x
x a
a a x a a
dx
x a x
x a
a a
| | | |
= <
| |
+
\ . \ .
=

| |

>
|

\ .
}

2 2
2 2
x
dx a x
a x
= +
+
}

2
2 3/ 2
2
2(2 )
, 4
( )
xdx a bx
ac b
a bx cx
a bx cx
+
= A =
+ +
A + +
}

CONTINUED
FORMULA SHEET EE2FH3
2
( )
2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2
1
ln
2
x
dx x a x a x a x
a x
(
= + + +
(

+
}

2 2
2 2
1
ln( ) dx x a x
a x
= + +
+
}

2 2 1/ 2
2 2
1 1 ( )
ln
a a x
dx
a x
x a x
( + +
=
(
+
}

2 2 2 2 2
0.5 arcsin( / | |) a x dx x a x a x a
(
= +

}

( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
0.5 ln a x dx x a x a x a x
(
+ = + + + +
(

}

2
2 2 2
2 2
0.5 arcsin( / | |)
x dx
x a x a x a
a x
(
= +

}

2
ln | |
x x b
dx ax b
ax b a a
= +
+
}

2 2
1
ln | |
( )
x b
dx ax b
ax b a ax b
| |
= + +
|
+ +
\ .
}

2
sin( ) [sin( ) cos( )] / x ax dx ax ax ax a =
}

2
cos( ) [cos( ) sin( )] / x ax dx ax ax ax a = +
}

1
sinh( ) cosh( ) ax dx a ax

=
}
,
1
cosh( ) sinh( ) ax dx a ax

=
}

2 2
arcsinh( / ) arcsinh( / ) x a dx x x a x a = +
}

2 2
2 2
arccosh( / ) , if arccosh( / ) 0
arccosh( / )
arccosh( / ) , if arccosh( / ) 0
x x a x a x a
x a dx
x x a x a x a

>

+ <

}

2 2 2
1
arctan , ( )
( )
x ag bf dx
ag bf
b ag bf
ax b fx g b fx g
| |

| = >
|

+ + +
\ .
}

SOME DEFINITE INTGERALS
2
0
0 ,
sin sin
, 0
m n
mx nx dx
m n
t
t
=
=

= =

}

2
0
0 ,
cos cos
, 0
m n
mx nx dx
m n
t
t
=
=

= =

}

2
0
sin cos 0 mx nx dx
t
=
}

0
0 ,
sin sin
/ 2, 0
m n
mx nx dx
m n
t
t
=
=

= =

}

0
0 ,
cos cos
/ 2, 0
m n
mx nx dx
m n
t
t
=
=

= =

}

0 2 2
0 , even number
sin cos
2
, odd number
m n
mx nx dx
m
m n
m n
t
+ =

=

+ =

}

2 2
0
/ , 0
( cos )
0, 0 ( 2 cos )
a a b
a b x
dx
b a a b ab x
t
t > >
=

> > +

}


VECTOR IDENTITIES
( ) ( ) ( ) A B C C A B B C A = =


( ) ( ) ( ) A B C B A C C A B =



( ) V u + + = Vu + V+
( ) A B A B V + = V + V


( ) A B A B V + = V + V


( ) V u+ = uV+ + +Vu
2
u +Vu uV+ | |
V =
|
+ +
\ .

1 n n
n

Vu = u Vu
( ) A A A V u = Vu + uV


( ) A B B A A B V = V V


( ) A A A V u = Vu + uV


( ) ( ) ( ) A B A B B A B A A B V = V V + V V


( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) A B A B B A A B B A V = V + V + V + V


Note:
x y z
a a a a
x y z
c c c
V = + +
c c c

CONTINUED
FORMULA SHEET EE2FH3
3
2
V Vu = V u
0 A V V =

0 VVu =
2
A A A VV = VV V



DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENTS
Cartesian coordinates
dl dxx dyy dzz = + +

; ds dydzx dxdzy dxdyz = + +

; dv dxdydz =
Cylindrical coordinates

dl d d dzz || = + +

ds d dzr d dz d d z | | | = + +

; dv d d dz | =
Spherical coordinates

sin dl drr rd r d uu u || = + +

;
2
sin sin ds r d d r r drd rdrd u u | u |u u| = + +

;
2
sin dv r drd d u u | =

COORDINATE TRANSFORMATIONS
Rectangular Cylindrical
cos
sin
x
y
z z
|
|
=
=
=

2 2 1/ 2
( )
arctan( / )
x y
y x
z z

|
= +
=
=

Rectangular Spherical
sin cos
sin sin
cos
x r
y r
z r
u |
u |
u
=
=
=

2 2 2 1/ 2
2 2 2 1/ 2
( )
arccos[ / ( ) ]
arctan( / )
r x y z
z x y z
y x
u
|
= + +
= + +
=

Cylindrical Spherical
sin
cos
r
z r
u
| |
u
=
=
=

2 2 1/ 2
2 2 1/ 2
( )
arccos[ / ( ) ]
r z
z z

| |
u
= +
=
= +

VECTOR TRANSFORMATIONS
Rectangular Components Cylindrical Components
cos sin
sin cos
x
y
z z
a a a
a a a
a a
|
|
| |
| |
=
= +
=

cos sin
sin cos
x y
x y
z z
a a a
a a a
a a

|
| |
| |
= +
= +
=

Note: | is the position angle of the observation point.

Rectangular Components Spherical Components
sin cos cos cos sin
sin sin cos sin cos
cos sin
x r
y r
z r
a a a a
a a a a
a a a
u |
u |
u
u | u | |
u | u | |
u u
= +
= + +
=

sin cos sin sin cos
cos cos cos sin sin
sin cos
r x y z
x y z
x y
a a a a
a a a a
a a a
u
|
u | u | u
u | u | u
| |
= + +
= +
= +

Note: u and | are the position angles of the observation point.
Cylindrical Components Spherical Components
sin cos
cos sin
r
z r
a a a
a a
a a a
u
| |
u
u u
u u
= +
=
=

sin cos
cos sin
r z
z
a a a
a a a
a a

u
| |
u u
u u
= +
=
=

Note: u is the position angle of the point at which the vector exists.

SOME CONSTANTS
12
0
8.854187 10 c

= F/m, or
9
0
1
10
36
c
t

= F/m
7
0
4 10 t

= H/m; 9.8 g = m/s
2
(Earth acceleration)

ELECTROMAGNETIC EQUATIONS
Maxwells equations (differential form)
;
c
B D
E H E J
t t
o
c c
V = V = + +
c c


; ; 0 D B V = V =


Coaxial line
1
2
ln( / )
C
b a
tc
= , F/m;
0
1
0
ln
2 8
b
L
a

t t
|
|
.
+
|
=

\
, H/m
Twin-lead line
1
2
ln 1
C
h h
r r
tc
=
(
| |
(
+
|
( \ .

F/m;
2
1
ln 1
h h
L
r r

t
(
| |
(
= +
|
(
\ .

H/m
Parallel-plate Line
1 1
,
w h
C L
h w
c = =
CONTINUED
FORMULA SHEET EE2FH3
4
DIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS
Rectangular Coordinates
x y z
x y z
cu cu cu
Vu = + +
c c c

y x z
F F F
F
x y z
c c c
V = + +
c c c

y y z x z x
F F F F F F
F x y z
y z z x x y
c c | | | | c c c c | |
V = + +
| | |
c c c c c c
\ .
\ . \ .

2 2 2
2
2 2 2
( )
x y z
c u c u c u
V Vu V u Au = + +
c c c

2 2 2 2

x y z
F x F y F z F V = V + V + V

Cylindrical Coordinates
1

z
z
|
|
cu cu cu
Vu = + +
c c c

1 1
( )
z
F F
F F
z
|

|
c c c
V = + +
c c c

( ) 1 1 1

z z
F F F F F F
F z
z z
| |

|
| |
c c c c | | | | | | c c
V = + +
| | |
c c c c c c
\ . \ . \ .

2 2
2
2 2 2
1 1
( )
z

|
| | c cu c u c u
V Vu V u Au = + +
|
c c c c
\ .

Spherical Coordinates
1 1

sin
r
r r r
u |
u u |
cu cu cu
Vu = + +
c c c

2
2
1 1 1
( ) ( sin )
sin sin
r
F
F r F F
r r r r
|
u
u
u u u |
c c c
V = + +
c c c

1 1 1

( sin ) ( )
sin sin
1

+ ( )
r
r
F F
F F r rF
r r r
F
rF
r r
u
| |
u
u u
u u | u |
|
u
( ( c c c c
V = +
( (
c c c c

c c (

(
c c

2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1
sin
sin sin
r
r r r r r
u
u u u u |
c cu c cu c u | | | |
V u = + +
| |
c c c c c
\ . \ .

2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 1 cot
1 2 2cot 2

sin sin
r r r r
r
r
F F F F
F F
r r r r r r
F F F
F r
r r r r
| u
u
u
u u
u
u | u u |
| c c c c
V = + + + +

c c c c
\
c | c c
+
|
c c c
.

2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2
2 1 cot

sin
1 2 2cot

sin sin
r
F F F F F
r r r r r r
F F F
r r r
u u u u u
| u
u
u u u
u
u
u | u u |
| c c c c
+ + + +

c c c c
\
c | c c
+ +
|
c c c
.

2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2
2 1 cot

sin
1 2 2cot

sin sin sin
r
F F F F F
r r r r r r
F F F
r r r
| | | | |
| u
u
u u u
u
|
u | u | u |
| c c c c
+ + + +

c c c c
\
| c c c
+ +
|
c c c
.

THE END