Everyday Math Algorithms

Partial Sums
An Addition Algorithm

Partial Sums
Add the hundreds (200 + 600) Add the tens (80 +20) Add the ones (7 + 5) Add the partial sums
(800 + 100 + 12)

287 + 625 800 100 + 12

Partial Sums
Add the hundreds (300 + 600) Add the tens (40 +70) Add the ones (5 + 9) Add the partial sums
(900 + 110 + 14)

345 + 679 900 110 + 14

Partial Sums
Add the hundreds (400 + 200) Add the tens (80 +10) Add the ones (9 + 3) Add the partial sums
(600 + 90 + 12)

489 + 213 600 90 + 12

Counting Up/ Hill Method

Counting Up/Hill Method

38-14= 24
1. Place the smaller number at the bottom of the hill and the larger at the top. 2. Start with 14, add to the next friendly number. (14+6=20) 3. Start with 20, add to the next friendly number. (20+10=30) 4. Start with 30, add to get 38. (30+8=38)

30
+10

38
+8

20
+6

14

Record the numbers added at each interval:

(6+10+8=24)

Counting Up/Hill Method

57-28= 29
1. Place the smaller number at the bottom of the hill and the larger at the top. 2. Start with 28, add to the next friendly number. (28+2=30) 3. Start with 30, add to the next friendly number. (30+20=50) 4. Start with 50, add to get 57. (50+7=57)

50
+20

57
+7

30
+2

28

Record the numbers added at each interval:

(2+20+7=29)

Counting Up/Hill Method

129-46= 83
1. Place the smaller number at the bottom of the hill and the larger at the top. 2. Start with 46, add to the next friendly number. (46+4=50) 3. Start with 50, add to the next friendly number. (50+50=100) 4. Start with 100, add to get 129. (100+29=129)

100
+50

129
+29

50
+4

46

Record the numbers added at each interval:

(4+50+29=83)

Trade First
(Subtraction algorithm)

Trade First
1. The first step is to determine whether any trade is required. If a trade is required, the trade is carried out first.
2. To make the 1 in the ones column larger than the 5, borrow 1 ten from the 3 in the tens column. The 1 becomes an 11 and the 3 in the tens column becomes 2.

8 -4

12 2

11

1 5

3. To make the 2 in the tens column larger than the 8 in the tens column, borrow 1 hundred from the 8. The 2 in the tens column becomes 12 and the 8 in the hundreds column becomes 7. 4. Now subtract column by column in any order.

Trade First
1. The first step is to determine whether any trade is required. If a trade is required, the trade is carried out first.

9 -3

11 1

14

4 5

2. To make the 4 in the ones column larger than the 5, borrow 1 ten from the 2 in the tens column. The 4 becomes an 14 and the 2 in the tens column becomes 1. 3. To make the 1 in the tens column larger than the 7 in the tens column, borrow 1 hundred from the 9. The 1 in the tens column becomes 11 and the 9 in the hundreds column becomes 8. 4. Now subtract column by column in any order.

Trade First
1. The first step is to determine whether any trade is required. If a trade is required, the trade is carried out first.
2. To make the 2 in the ones column larger than the 5, borrow 1 ten from the 1 in the tens column. The 2 becomes an 12 and the 1 in the tens column becomes 0.

7 -4

10 0

12

2 5

3. To make the 0 in the tens column larger than the 9 in the tens column, borrow 1 hundred from the 7. The 0 in the tens column becomes 10 and the 7 in the hundreds column becomes 6. 4. Now subtract column by column in any order.

Partial Product
(Multiplication Algorithm)

Partial Product
When multiplying by Partial Products, you must first multiply parts of these numbers, then you add all of the results to find the answer.
Multiply 20 X 60 (tens by tens)

2 7 (20+7) X 6 4 (60+4)

Multiply 60 X 7 (tens by ones) Multiply 4 X 20 (ones by tens) Multiply 7 X 4 (ones by ones) Add the results

1,200 420 80 + 28 1,728

Partial Product
When multiplying by Partial Products, you must first multiply parts of these numbers, then you add all of the results to find the answer.
Multiply 40 X 50 (tens by tens)

4 8 (40+8) X 5 3 (50+3)

Multiply 50 X 8 (tens by ones) Multiply 3 X 40 (ones by tens) Multiply 8 X 3 (ones by ones) Add the results

2,000 400 120 + 24 2,544

Partial Product
When multiplying by Partial Products, you must first multiply parts of these numbers, then you add all of the results to find the answer.
Multiply 60 X 50 (tens by tens)

6 9 (60+9) X 5 8 (50+8)

Multiply 50 X 9 (tens by ones) Multiply 8 X 60 (ones by tens) Multiply 9 X 8 (ones by ones) Add the results

3,000 450 480 + 72 4,002

Partial Quotients
(Division Algorithm)

Partial Quotient
Start Partial Quotient division by estimating your answer. Check by multiplying and subtraction. The better your estimate, the fewer the steps you will have.

97 R3

1. Estimate how many 9s are in 876. (90)

2. Estimate how many 9s are in 66. (7)

876 Subtract - 810 66 Subtract - 63 3

90 x 9 =810 (1st estimate)

7 x 9 =63

(2nd estimate)

3. Because 3 is less than 9, you have finished dividing and you now need to add the estimates to get your answer and the 3 left over is your remainder.

97

(Add the estimates)

Partial Quotient
Start Partial Quotient division by estimating your answer. Check by multiplying and subtraction. The better your estimate, the fewer the steps you will have.

49 R3

1. Estimate how many 8s are in 395. (40)

2. Estimate how many 8s are in 75. (9)

395 Subtract - 320 75 Subtract - 72 3

40 x 8 =320 (1st estimate)

9 x 8 =72

(2nd estimate)

3. Because 3 is less than 8, you have finished dividing and you now need to add the estimates to get your answer and the 3 left over is your remainder.

49

(Add the estimates)

Partial Quotient
Start Partial Quotient division by estimating your answer. Check by multiplying and subtraction. The better your estimate, the fewer the steps you will have.

96 R1

1. Estimate how many 6s are in 577. (90)

2. Estimate how many 6s are in 37. (6)

577 Subtract - 540 37 Subtract - 36 1

90 x 6 =540 (1st estimate)

6 x 6 =36

(2nd estimate)

3. Because 1 is less than 6, you have finished dividing and you now need to add the estimates to get your answer and the 1 left over is your remainder.

96

(Add the estimates)

Lattice

(Multiplicati

on Algorithm)

Solve: 197 x 23 =
1. Create a 3 by 2 grid. Copy the 3 digit number across the top of the grid, one number per square. Copy the 2 digit number along the right side of the grid, one number per square. 2. Draw diagonals across the cells. 3.Multiply each digit in the top factor by each digit in the side factor. Record each answer in its own cell, placing the tens digit in the upper half of the cell and the ones digit in the bottom half of the cell. 4. Add along each diagonal and record any regroupings in the next diagonal

0 4

0 2 0 3
15

1 8 2 7
13

1 4 2 1
1

Answer

0 4

0 2 0 3
5

1 2

9 1

1 8 2

7 1

4 1
1

7
3
=

197 x 23

4 5 31

Solve: 169 x 35 =
1. Create a 3 by 2 grid. Copy the 3 digit number across the top of the grid, one number per square. Copy the 2 digit number along the right side of the grid, one number per square. 2. Draw diagonals across the cells. 3.Multiply each digit in the top factor by each digit in the side factor. Record each answer in its own cell, placing the tens digit in the upper half of the cell and the ones digit in the bottom half of the cell. 4. Add along each diagonal and record any regroupings in the next diagonal

0 5

0 3 0 5
19

1 8 3 0
11

2 7 4 5
5

Answer

0 5

0 2 0 3
9

1 2

6 1

1 2

9 1

8 7
1
=

4 1
5

169 x 35

5 915