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What Is Engine ?: Engine Is A Device Which Converts Other Form of Energy Into Mechanical Energy

The document provides information on engines and their components. It defines an engine as a device that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy. It then defines a diesel engine as a reciprocating engine that uses compressed air to spontaneously ignite fuel through an atomized injection system. The diesel engine was invented in 1896 by Rudolf Diesel and provides higher efficiency than previous engines.

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24 views16 pages

What Is Engine ?: Engine Is A Device Which Converts Other Form of Energy Into Mechanical Energy

The document provides information on engines and their components. It defines an engine as a device that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy. It then defines a diesel engine as a reciprocating engine that uses compressed air to spontaneously ignite fuel through an atomized injection system. The diesel engine was invented in 1896 by Rudolf Diesel and provides higher efficiency than previous engines.

Uploaded by

kazishah
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WHAT IS ENGINE ?

ENGINE IS A DEVICE WHICH CONVERTS OTHER FORM OF ENERGY INTO MECHANICAL ENERGY.

UGA / NOV 99 / BASICS / 1 / 15

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WHAT IS DIESEL ENGINE ?

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A RECIPROCATING ENGINE IN THE CYLINDERS OF WHICH AN INTRODUCED CHARGE OF AIR IS COMPRESSED SUFFICIENTLY TO ENSURE SPONTANEOUS IGNITION AND COMBUSTION OF AN ATOMISED STREAM OF FUEL INJECTED INTO THE SAID CHARGE OF COMPRESSED AIR.
ENGINE CYCLE. WHICH WORKS ON THE DIESEL PRINCIPLE OR DEISEL

DR. RUDALF DIESEL, A GERMAN, IN 1896 INVENTED A PROCESS OF COMBUSTION WHICH GIVES LOWER FUEL CONSUMPTION & HIGHER THERMAL EFFICIENCY
UGA / NOV 99 / BASICS / 2 / 15

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ENGINE HISTORY:
Year 1860 1867 1876 1886 1890 1896 Name Jean Lenoir Otto & Eugene Langen Otto Bentz Herbert Akroyd Stuart Rudolf Diesel Engine 2 Stroke 2 Stroke 4 Stroke 4 Stroke 4 Stroke 4 Stroke Fuel Petroleum Gas Petrol Gas Poor Quality Poor Quality

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4% 14% 14% 7% 14% 25%

UGA / NOV 99 / BASICS / 3 / 15

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GAS LAW

PV =nRT
P - PRESSURE V - VOLUME

T - TEMPERATURE

n & R - CONST.

UGA / NOV 99 / BASICS / 4 / 15

TRAINING
IMPORTANT ENGINE TERMINOLOGY
TDC & BDC TURNING POINTS OF PISTON ARE CALLED TDC & BDC STROKE LENGTH DISTANCE BETWEEN TDC & BDC IS CALLED STROKE (350) SWEPT VOLUME VOLUME BETWEEN THESE POINTS IS SWEPT VOLUME COMPRESSION SPACE SPACE BETWEEN PISTON & CYL. HEAD IS COMPN. SPACE. COMPRESSION RATIO IS THE RATIO OF VOLUMES BEFORE & AFTER COMPRESSION. (12 : 1) COMBUSTION PRESSURE

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IS THE MAXIMUM PRESSURE DEVELOPED DURING COMBUSTION. ALSO CALLED PEAK PR.
UGA / NOV 99 / BASICS / 5 / 15

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IMPORTANT ENGINE TERMINOLOGY
MEAN INDICATED PRESSURE

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IS THEORETICAL MEAN PRESSURE ACTING ON PISTON DURING POWER STROKE INDICATED POWER IS THE POWER CALCULATED WITH MIP. EFFECTIVE POWER

POWER AVAILABLE AT ENGINE SHAFT.


MEAN EFFECTIVE PRESSURE PRESSURE CALCULATED FROM EFFECTIVE POWER. THERMAL EFFICIENCY IS THE RATIO OF THE ENERGY RECEIVED BY THE PISTON THE ENERGY CONTAINED IN FUEL.
UGA / NOV 99 / BASICS / 6 / 15

TRAINING

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UGA / NOV 99 / BASICS / 7 / 15

TRAINING

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SUCTION
COMPRESSION EXPANSION

EXHAUST
UGA / NOV 99 / BASICS / 8 / 15

TRAINING
OTTO (CONSTANT VOLUME) CYCLE:
3

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1-2
2-3

ISENTROPIC COMPN (PV =C)


HEAT ADDITION AT CONST. V ISENTROPIC EXPANSION HEAT REJECTION AT CONST. V

P
2 0 4 1

3-4 4-1

TH

= 1 - (1/ r ) -1

r = COMPN RATIO V1/V2

UGA / NOV 99 / BASICS / 9 / 15

TRAINING
DIESEL (CONSTANT PRESSURE) CYCLE:

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1-2

ISENTROPIC COMPRESSION

2-3
3-4 4-1

HEAT ADDITION AT CONST. PR


ISENTROPIC EXPANSION HEAT REJECTION AT CONST. V TH = 1 - (1/ r) -1

P
0

4 1

rc - 1 rc -1)

r = COMPN RATIO V1 / V2 rc = FUEL CUT OFF RATIO V3 / V4

UGA / NOV 99 / BASICS / 10 / 15

TRAINING
DUAL COMBUSTION CYCLE: 3 2

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TH = 1-(1/
1

r)

r r -1 (r -1)+r r (r

P. c P P. 1 2 4 3 3 2

-1 c )

V
0

r = COMPN RATIO V /V r = FUEL CUT OFF RATIO V /4 r = PR. RATIO P /P


c p

5
1

1-2 ISENTROPIC COMPN.


2-3 HEAT ADDN. AT CONST. V. 3-4 HEAT ADDN. AT CONST. PR. 4-5 ISENTROPIC EXPN.

5-1 HEAT REJ. AT CONST. V.

UGA / NOV 99 / BASICS / 11 / 15

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ACTUAL INDICATOR DIAGRAM

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POWER STROKE

COMPRESSION STROKE

EXHAUST STROKE

SUCTION STROKE

V
UGA / NOV 99 / BASICS / 12 / 15

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TDC 1 10 5 7 6 1 2

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OPERATION TIMINGS
1,6 3,9 2
8 4 3 (ECONOMY)

: TDC : BDC : EXHAUST VALVE CLOSES (400 ATDC) : INLET VALVE CLOSES (100 ABDC)

5 TO 7 : FUEL INJECTION (COMMENCES 180 BTDC)


BDC

8 10

: EXHAUST VALVE OPENS (550 BBDC) : INLET VALVE OPENS (400 BTDC)

SUCTION STROKE COMPRESSION STROKE

EXPANSION / POWER STROKE

EXHAUST STROKE
UGA / NOV 99 / BASICS / 13 / 15

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INDICATED HORSE POWER = PLAN n

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(Metric H. P.)

4500
P - MEAN INDICATED PR.(KGF/CM2) L - LENGTH OF STROKE IN M A - CYL. X-SECTION IN CM2 N - NO. OF WORKING STROKE / MIN. (FOR 4 STROKE - RPM/2) n - NO. OF CYL

( 1 MHP = 735.5 WATT)


UGA / NOV 99 / BASICS / 14 / 15

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MPS = N ( RPM ) x L ( STROKE IN M ) 30 8.4 M/S ( 720 RPM ) 8.75 M/S ( 750 RPM )

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= =

SIGNIFICANCE
INDICATES THE RAPIDITY WITH WHICH AIR IS COMPRESSED. EFFECTS SPEED OF COMBUSTION AND SCAVENGING EFFICIENCY.

LIMITATIONS
FRICTIONAL LOSSES IN LINER & PISTON RINGS. ACCELERATION STRESSES IN COMPONENT MATERIAL. SPEED OF COMBUSTION. COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY. SERVICE LIFE OF PARTS.

UGA / NOV 99 / BASICS / 15 / 15

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HIGHER MIP MEANS LIMITATIONS
HIGHER PEAK PR. HIGHER MECHANICAL LOAD ON CONROD, CONROD BOLTS ETC. HIGHER LOAD ON OIL FILM BEARINGS,

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CRANKSHAFT,

HIGHER MECHANICAL LOAD ON PISTON TOP, LINER TOP & CYL. HEAD UNDERSIDES LARGER AMOUNT OF FUEL TO BURN. HIGHER MECHANICAL LOAD ON FUEL INJ. EQUIPMENT. HIGHER THERMAL LOAD ON PISTON, LINER & CYL. HEAD. RESISTANT MATERIAL FOR COMP. ADVERSE EFFECTS ON LINER LUBRICATION. HIGHER LEVEL OF THE THERMAL STRESSES IN PISTON, LINER & CYL. HEAD. HEAT

UGA / NOV 99 / BASICS / 16 / 15

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