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Computer Architecture &organization Text Book:Computer Organization & Architecture by William Stallings

This document provides an outline for a course on computer architecture and organization. It introduces key concepts like architecture, which defines attributes visible to programmers like instruction sets, and organization, which is how features are implemented internally. The chapter will cover computer evolution and performance, functions and interconnections, memory types, and input/output. It will also examine the relationships between structure and function at different levels, from top-level components like peripherals and memory, down to the internal structure of the CPU and its control unit.

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Talha Mujahid
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113 views15 pages

Computer Architecture &organization Text Book:Computer Organization & Architecture by William Stallings

This document provides an outline for a course on computer architecture and organization. It introduces key concepts like architecture, which defines attributes visible to programmers like instruction sets, and organization, which is how features are implemented internally. The chapter will cover computer evolution and performance, functions and interconnections, memory types, and input/output. It will also examine the relationships between structure and function at different levels, from top-level components like peripherals and memory, down to the internal structure of the CPU and its control unit.

Uploaded by

Talha Mujahid
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Architecture &Organization

Text Book :Computer Organization & Architecture by William Stallings

Course OUtline
Introduction Computer Evolution and Perfomance Computer Function & Interconnection Cache Memory Internal Memory External Memory Input/Output

Computer Architecture and Organization

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Architecture & Organization 1


Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer
Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques. e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?

Organization is how features are implemented


Control signals, interfaces, memory technology. e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition?

Architecture & Organization 2


All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture

This gives code compatibility


Organization differs between different versions

Structure & Function


Structure is the way in which components relate to each other Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure

Function
All computer functions are:
Data processing Data storage Data movement Control

Functional View

Operations (a) Data movement

Operations (b) Storage

Operation (c) Processing from/to storage

Operation (d) Processing from storage to I/O

Structure - Top Level

Peripherals

Computer
Central Processing Unit Main Memory

Computer

Systems Interconnection

Input Output

Communication lines

Structure - The CPU

CPU
Computer
I/O System Bus Memory CPU

Registers

Arithmetic and Login Unit

Internal CPU Interconnection

Control Unit

Structure - The Control Unit

Control Unit
CPU
ALU Internal Bus Registers Control Unit

Sequencing Login Control Unit Registers and Decoders

Control Memory

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