Generally many interested to learn many things on Hindus cosmology..

But, could not have read many of the wonderful things and also most amazing advancement made by the Vedic people known to very few only. It is more scientific! Anyhow, many of us know generally existing Time concepts in other culture. But, not Vedic time concepts and related Cosmogony! Some of the very ancient version of time concepts with accuracy still existing only in Vedic culture. Mathematical advancement made by Vedic people both in micro and macro level definitely most amazing. This is brilliant creation of Vedic Rishis and Sages of ancient India. Hindu religion originally called as Sanadhan Dharma only, meaning Most ancient Dharma or religion. Hindus is the later coinage of the outsiders to denote the people who lived in Indus region and beyond. Micro level Time concepts of Hindus Hindus has given the idea of the smallest and the largest measure of time from the antiquity. Krati Krati = 34,000th of a second 1 Truti = 300th of a second 2 Truti = 1 Luv 2 Luv = 1 Kshana 30 Kshana = 1 Vipal 60 Vipal = 1 Pal 60 Pal = 1 Ghadi (24 minutes) 2.5 Gadhi = 1 Hora (1 hour) 24 Hora = 1 Divas (1 day) 7 Divas = 1 saptaah (1 week) 4 Saptaah = 1 Maas (1 month) 2 Maas = 1 Rutu (1 season) 6 Rutu = 1 Varsh (1 year) 1. Thithi: This is the distance between the Sun and the Moon in the stratosphere representing in terms of time to traverse as the lunar day approximately 30 of which make a lunar month. The month itself is divided into two fortnights of 15 Thithis each and called 'Paksha'. The period from the full moon day ( Pournami) to the New moon day (Amavasya) is called the 'Krishna Paksha' - dark fortnight. and the period from the New moon to the full moon is called 'Sukla paksha'- the bright fortnight. 2.. Vaara: Vaara or Vasara refers to the day of the week. The days correspond to the days followed in the Western Calendar. 3. Nakshatra: the star ruling over any day is decided by the sojourn of the moon on its journey through the 12 zodiacal spheres in a cyclical manner. The moon sojourns in each sphere for approximately 2 1/2 days so that it would complete the 12 spheres in 30 days. There are 27 stars listed in the almanac, each having 4 quarters (Padas). Thus, there are 27 x 4= 108 Padas

4. Yoga: This Yoga is different from the Yoga we discussed under Karma yoga, Gnana yoga , Bhakti yoga etc. Yoga here refers to the total distance traversed by the Sun and the Moon from any specified point. Like Nakshatra, 27 yogas have been listed 5. Karana : This represents half the period of Thithi which we saw earlier. There are 11 Karanas listed in the almanac. The Sun also moves through these zodiacal Raasis. The Sun sojourns in each Raasi(zodiac) for approximately one month. Completing the round in one year. The other planets also move through these zodiacal stations taking varying lengths of time to traverse each ( e.g.) Jupiter, Rahu and Ketu take about one year while Saturn takes about 2 1/2 years 6. MASA (MONTHS): There are 12 months as in the Western Calendar 7. RITU (Seasons): Unlike the Western calendar which has only 4 seasons of Spring, Summer, Fall and Winter, the Hindu calendar has 6 seasons of 2 months' duration called 'Ritus': 8. AYANA (Half - Years): The year is also divided into 2 half - years called Ayanas.: 1. The period beginning from Makara to the end of Mithuna is called Uttarayana to denote the Sun's movement from the tropic of Capricorn NORTHWARDS to the tropic of Cancer. 2. The period beginning from Kataka to the end of Dhanus is called Dakshinayana. 9. CYCLE OF YEARS: The Hindu calendar lists a cycle of 60 years from Prabhava to Akshaya MACRO LEVEL COMPUTATIONS Now, let us take the Macro level computations. Several technical terms have been used to denote the mega computations of time. like 1. YUGAS, 2. MAHAYUGAS, 3. MANVANTARAS, 4. KALPAS, 5. PARARDHA. PARAM. We shall try to understand what these mean in an attempt to comprehend the magnitude of the calculations adopted and followed in Hindu Cosmic time panorama. The time of one year for humans represents one day for the divine beings. 360 such divine days make one divine year. (i.e)I Hindu year=1 day for Deva.Therefore,360 human years=1 Deva year or Divine year. The time of one year for humans represents one day for the divine beings. 360 such divine days make one divine year. (i.e)I Hindu year=1 day for Deva.Therefore,360 human years=1 Deva year or Divine year. MACRO LEVEL TIME CONCEPTS OF HINDUS:: Yugas:Yugas are very basic time periods of Macro level.They are four in number with the following time length Kali Yuga = 432,000 Human Years Dwapara Yuga = 864,000 Human Years Treta Yuga = 1,296,000 Human Years

Krita Yuga = 1,728,000 Human Years Take T as notation for denoting Kaliyuga,Then T=432,000 years(human) Now, Duration of Dvapara-yuga (2T ) Duration of Treta-yuga (3T ) Duration of Satya-yuga (4T) Take T as notation for denoting Kaliyuga,Then T=432,000 years(human) Now,Duration of Dvapara-yuga (2T ) Duration of Treta-yuga (3T ) Duration of Satya-yuga (4T) MAHA YUGA:Maha yuga refers just one cycle of the all the 4 yugas. That is,T+2T+3T+4T=10T One Maha yuga=10T Now, we see, Hindus How developed concepts and very accurately arrived modern results for age of Earth and age of universe. 71 Mahayugas constitutes one 'Manvantara' (i.e.) the life of a Manu, the law giver and also of Indra, the Lord of the Devas . 14 such Manvantaras plus Twilight periods make one day or Kalpa of the Lord Brahma Each Manvantare after a period known as Sandhya Kala(Twilight Period) follows. In that period the entire creations will be under water for the period equal to on Satya yuga=4T This implies after every Manvantara end A Pralayam(Great flood) occurs. Manvantara or Manuvantara , or age of a Manu , the Hindu progenitor of mankind, is an astronomical period of time measurement. Manvantara is a Sanskrit sandhi, a combination of words manu and antara, manu-antara or manvantara, literally meaning the duration of a Manu, or his life span . Each Manvantara is created and ruled by a specific Manu, who in turn is created by Brahma, the Creator himself. Manu creates the world, and all its species during that period of time, each Manvantara lasts the lifetime of a Manu, upon whose death, Brahma creates another Manu to continue the cycle of Creation or Shristi, Vishnu on his part takes a new avtar, and also a new Indra and Saptarishis are appointed. Eventually it takes 14 Manus and their respective Manvantaras to create aKalpa, Aeon, or a Day of Brahma, according to the Hindu Time Cycles and also the Vedic timeline. Thereafter, at the end of each Kalpa, there is a period of dissolution or Pralaya , wherein the world is destroyed and it is lies in a state of rest, under the water t the time equal to one Satya Yuga
Eventually it takes 14 Manus and their respective Manvantaras to create a Kalpa or aeon or a Day of Brahma, according to the Hindu Time Cycles Thereafter, at the end of each Manvantara there is Pralaya,that is great flood,after which everything swallowed by water and still in the water to the period equal

to one Satya or Krita yuga.After which once again,creation start and next Manu will take charge.This is continuous till 14 Manus,at the end of 14 Manus or Kalpa,the entire Earth itself destroyed.

This also basic scientific concepts of Hindus and referred in the Bhagavat Gita By God Krishna Himself.. One Day of Lord Brahma=14Manvantras or Each one got separate generic name. !Day=!4Manvantras !Manvantra=71Maha Yugas=71*10T 1Day of Brahma=1Kalpa=14Manvantras=14* 71T plus Sandya period Here replacing T=432000 Human years. 1 Day of Brahma=1Kalpa=4.32 BILLION human years Vedic text clear says, Brahma every day and night destroy earth and every other day and night creates the world once again. Here Day period clearly refers Day time of God Brahma, similarly HIS night time also same length. Like, twilight(Sandy period) in the day and night, those twilight period the entire world will be inside water. After twilight, the creation starts once again. Brahma destroys earth in one day=human years equal to Brahmas one day time=4.32human billion years=Life of earth and Solar System. Similiarly,the Night time same length=4.32 Billion years Therefore 1 entire day length=8.62Billion years. What science says on the life of the earth. We will see. As per Modern science destruction of Earth by Exhaustion of Sun changing into Red Giant star=4.5billion years.(anybody can verify) Scientists accepting Hindus calculation value which is 4.32Billion years also quite accurate value for life of the earth. Next we will calculate the age of Cosmos. The fact that the Sun gives rise to planet Earth, sustains it (through continuous supply of energy), and finally destroys it (when it explodes into a Red Giant) is also stated in Ancient Hindus Texts in a symbolic and subtle way: "Srishti Sthiti Laya Hetave Virinchi Narayana Sankaratmane", says the Aditya Hridayam. This is again agreeing with 1 Brahma Day and the Sun's life as a "main sequence star. Now,we see According to Hindu Cosmogony, what is the age of Cosmos. Cosmos here denote entire galaxies,black holes , nebulas etc I meant the entire creation in the macro level.Lord Brahma is the Supreme commander of this entire creation..Vedic texts say,in the 100 years completion of Brahma the entire creation come to end and Brahma himself destroyed.The destructing work and absorbing work done by ever lasting God Shiva. New Brahma will be created by indestructible Ever lasting God Narayana.

Age of entire creation =Age of God Brahma=100 years. One Day of Brahma=8.64 Billion years.=1Kalpa One Brahma year=30 days multiplied by 12=30*8.64Billion years*12=3.1104Trillion years. 50Years of God Brahma=3.1104 x 10 to the power 12 x 50 = 155.52 Trillion Years=Para ardham .Total Age of Cosmos or creation=100 Brahma years=2*50 Brahma Years=2*155.52Trillion years=313 trillion human years=Param or Paraa.. This called Param,that is total age of God Brahma=Total life of Cosmos. Half of this age is called Para Ardham. Now,Brhama is in his Second Para Ardham.More than 50 years old. Next, we will calculate Current age of the Earth and Current age of God Brahma or present age of entire creation one after other. These are very good accuracies of destruction and creation details of the cosmos and our Solar System as per the modern Science The concepts are created by greatest intellectual minds of Rishis and Sages.This is more accurate and Valid. As we already seen One Day time of Brahma is time of the life of the Solar System and earth. Now we see the Present Day time of Brahma how much elapsed, then it is easy to find balance left. # The one day of Brahma is divided into 14 periods. Six such periods are over. We are now in the 7th. # Each period is named after the One Ruler who is appointed to rule the entire earthly world during that period. The generic name for such a ruler is Manu. The period is called a Manvantara. # The name of the present Manu is Vaivasvata, the son of the Sun-God. # How long is the day of Brahma ? (4.32 billion years)Already arrived. # What is the present age of this universe ? Names and reign of Manus already elapsed. 1.Svaayambhuva Beginning of Creation Dhruva Episode Descent of the Lord as Half-man-half-lion to bless Prahlada 2.Svaarochisha The Episode of King Suratha 3. Uttama 4.Taamasa 5. Raivata 6. Chaakshusha 7. Vaivasvata PRESENT MANVANTARA There are seven more manvantaras to go in the future We are in the 7th manvantara . Take Notation for Kali yuga as T = 432,000 human years.

Age of the Universe Portion of Brahmas day elapsed so far (till say, 2000 A.D.) consists of the following. Details to know for the calculation: 1 Manantara=71 Mahayugas plus twilight period 4T=4Kaliyuga=one Satya yuga 1Mahayuas=10Kaliyugas=10T the present running seventh Manavantara already 27 Mahayugas elapsed out of 71 Mahayugas.28th Maha yuga is running. Which means in this Mahayuga Satya yuga=4T and Treta Yuga=3T and Dwapara Yuga=2T already completed In Kali yuga 5102 years. already elapsed as on 2000AD.This also added to know the present age. The current Kali Yuga began at midnight 17 February / 18 February in 3102 BC in the proleptic Julian calendar. Duration Table Each Manvantara consists twilight period equvalent to one Satya Yuga=4T(Definition) Therefore, 6 manvantara-twilights (6 x 4T ) PLUS 6 manvantaras completed (6 x71x10T) PLUS 1manvantara-twilight before 7th=( 4T) PLUS 27 maha-yugas past in this manvantara (27 x 10T ) PLUS elapsed yugas in this maha-yuga ((4 + 3 + 2) T ) PLUS 5102 years in kali-yuga(the present Kali yuga) 1Maha Yuga=!0T(already shown) This adds up to 4567 T+ 5102 = 1,972,949,102 human years=1.972 Billion years. (Replace the Value of T in Multiplication) This is the present (as of 2000A.D.) age of the Earth and Soar System in this DAY OF BRAHMA. If you deduct from Total age of the solar System of 4.32 Billion years is the balance years left for our Solar system to dismantle WHAT IS THE PRESENT AGE OF COSMOS? Currently, 50 years of Brahma have elapsed and we are in the first Day of the 51st year. This Brahma's day, Kalpa, is named as ShvetaVaraha Kalpa. Within this Day, six Manvantaras have already elapsed and we are in the seventh Manvantara, named as Vaivasvatha Manvantara. Within the Vaivasvatha Manavantara, 27 Mahayugas (4 Yugas together is a Mahayuga), and the Krita, Treta and Dwapara Yugas of the 28th Mahayuga have elapsed. We are in the Kaliyuga of the 28th Mahayuga. This Kaliyuga began in the

year 3102 BC in the proleptic Julian Calendar. Since 50 years of Brahma have already elapsed, we are in the second Parardha, also called as Dvithiya Parardha. 50 Years of God Brahma=3.1104 x 1012 x 50 = 155.52 Trillion Years (6 x 71 x 4320000 ) + 7 x 1.728 x 106 = 1.973 billion years elapsed in first six Manvataras plus Sandhi Kalas. 27 Maha yugas=27 x 4320000 = 116.640000 million years In 28th Maha Yuga Satya Yuga 4T plusTreta Yuga 3T plus Dwapara Yuga 2T already elaped PLUS kali yuga 5102 elaped as on 2000AD Replacing the value of T and adding which gives 3.888 million years elapsed in current Mahayuga So the total time elapsed since current Brahma is 155.52 x 10 to the power 12 + 1.973x10 to the poser 9 + 0.00012053302 = 155.52 Trillion Years (Note:Now seventh Manvantara in running. which constitute 71 Mahayugas out of which 27 already elaped,and were are in 28th Maha Yugas,Which means in this Mahayuga Satya yuga=4T and Treta Yuga=3T and Dwapara Yuga=2T already completed and Kali yuga years 5102 already passed as on 2000AD) This is present age of Cosmos which include Galaxies and constellations is 155.52 trillion years. If we deduct this value from the Param( i.e)Total value of Cosmos which is 311 trillion years,we can get the balance year yet available to the entire Cosmos to dismantle.

Now, to know the role of Trinity of Gods.BRAHMA,VISHNU,SHIVA. God Shiva finally destroys the world when the EVIL cross the limit of the controls of the Gods. In that sense, he is the protector of Dharma and nobleness. God Vishnu being Himself create God Brahma and Maintains the power and control of Brahma till the end by incarnations. God Brahma is our True Father and root. After 100 years of Brahma, automatically another Brahma will be created by God Vishnu.

Old Brahma will be destroyed for this, may be considered the destruction of Cosmos like modern Bigbang theory. Supreme Brahman which is different from God Brahma, is formless, controller of controllers and still reachable and residing in the ever living Gods of Shiva and Vishnu. Brahman is beyond time and space, beyond all Qualities, beyond physical form and all attributes. Brahman is truly beyond the understanding of the human beings in it true form! Brahman is the basic inherent power within the Gods Shiva and Vishnu. But, in physical world, we have to reach Brahma only through God of trinity. Those Gods can come in Physical form. Vedic texts vouch impossibility of human beings to know Brahman directly! To Merge in Brahman, you have Merge with God Shiva or God Vishnu. Even, you can do it by Praying Our creative father God Brahma. In nutshell, one has to merge in Brahman only through its manifestations Hindus have many Gods which represents peculiar aspects and manifestations of Supreme Power Brahman! One focusing on any manifestations of God automatically achieves those attributes which elevates him to higher level of spiritual being. THUS HINDU COSMOLOGY IS TRULY MOST SCIENTIFIC!!