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Voltage and Current

- The document discusses various electrical and electronics concepts including voltage, current, Ohm's law, schematic diagrams, components, sensors, prototyping methods, and debugging techniques. - It provides information on different prototyping methods like breadboards, vero boards, wire wrapping, and printed circuit boards. It also outlines tips for layout, soldering, and debugging circuits. - Various electronic components are described including resistors, capacitors, transistors, op amps, ICs, batteries, grounds, LEDs, and the BasicX-24 microcontroller. Different types of sensors for measuring temperature, pressure, humidity and more are also listed.

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devilishere316
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63 views23 pages

Voltage and Current

- The document discusses various electrical and electronics concepts including voltage, current, Ohm's law, schematic diagrams, components, sensors, prototyping methods, and debugging techniques. - It provides information on different prototyping methods like breadboards, vero boards, wire wrapping, and printed circuit boards. It also outlines tips for layout, soldering, and debugging circuits. - Various electronic components are described including resistors, capacitors, transistors, op amps, ICs, batteries, grounds, LEDs, and the BasicX-24 microcontroller. Different types of sensors for measuring temperature, pressure, humidity and more are also listed.

Uploaded by

devilishere316
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Voltage and current

Two different kinds: AC and DC do not confuse... Polarity Fixed voltage, varying current consumption

Ohms law
V=RI I=V/R This is the most common case, finding what current a certain load consumes at a fixed voltage R=V/I Very useful for calculating what load we need to draw a certain current at a fixed voltage

Schematic diagrams
Symbolic Not always representing component layout Lines crossing, with and without connection

Connections
Wires, Connected, Crossing

Wires, Not Connected, Crossing

Schematic diagram

Components
Resistor Capacitor Transistor Inductor

Op Amp IC Battery Ground LED/Diode

BasicX-24
Basic Speed

18 mm x 32 mm ~ 50 mA Basic Price ~ $50

65,000 instructions per second 32K bytes (User program and data storage) 8000+ lines of Basic code 400 bytes 21 (16 standard + 2 serial only + 3 accessed outside standard dip pin area) 8 (8 of the 16 standard I/O pins can individually function as 10bit ADCs or standard digital I/Os or a mixture of both) 1200 - 460.8K Baud High speed Serial 24 pin DIP module

EEPROM Max program length RAM Available I/O pins

Analog Inputs (ADCs)

Serial I/O speed Programming interface Physical Package

Some Sensors
Temperature Pressure Humidity Soil humidity Acceleration Noise Material stress Biometric Motion Distance Touch Location Orientation Light

Classification
Simple vs. complex Analog vs. digital Continuous vs. discrete Active vs. passive Cost Energy consumption Size

RFID
Radio transmits energy to a tag that sends back its unique id Antenna and tag size determine reading distance Reading distance 3 cm up to 10-20 m

Cables and conventions


Black = Ground, negative, Red = Positive,+ Use different colors for different signals except for above Stiff wire on circuit board, soft wire for connections Universial standard

Prototyping
Breadboard Prototype board Wire wrapping Printed circuit board

Breadboard
Push components in Certain holes are connected Be careful not to short circuit

Prototype board
Also called vero board Copper on the back solder side Three different layouts

Strips (shown) Groups of three Single rings

Wire wrapping
Quick prototyping Risk for rats nests Requires special sockets and tools

Layout
Start with the IC:s and work outwards Keep wires short Make a ground bus and a positive bus A neat layout is easy to debug

Soldering
Components as close as possible Components resting on the board for stability Solder flowing out like a tent

Printed circuit board


Better layout Reproducible Long lasting

Debugging
Use beep mode on multi meter Ceck that theres one ground everywhere Check voltages on all IC:s and other places Break problem into small blocks and debug them first Use different cable colors

Tomorrow
Exercise: Chuckles Prototyping both on bread board and vero board Soldering Check webpage

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