Scribd
Upload
106 views7 pages

Motor Torque and Power: J. Michael Mccarthy

The document discusses DC motors and transmissions. It explains that a DC motor's torque decreases linearly with increasing angular velocity, as defined by its torque-speed curve based on stall torque and no-load speed. A transmission shifts the motor's power-speed curve by decreasing output speed but increasing torque. Different transmission types like linkages, belts, chains, and gears can provide varying speed ratios, but all introduce some losses through inertia, flexibility, and friction effects.

Uploaded by

Sidney Lins
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
106 views7 pages

Motor Torque and Power: J. Michael Mccarthy

The document discusses DC motors and transmissions. It explains that a DC motor's torque decreases linearly with increasing angular velocity, as defined by its torque-speed curve based on stall torque and no-load speed. A transmission shifts the motor's power-speed curve by decreasing output speed but increasing torque. Different transmission types like linkages, belts, chains, and gears can provide varying speed ratios, but all introduce some losses through inertia, flexibility, and friction effects.

Uploaded by

Sidney Lins
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Motor Torque and Power

J. Michael McCarthy

2009 Formula Hybrid Engineering

DC Motors

PITTMAN brand brush commutated gearmotors is a product of Ametek Technical and Industrial products, http://www.ametektip.com/

Local Representative: Halbar Associates Email: [email protected] Contact: 3002 Dow Avenue, #412 Tustin, CA 92780 Phone: 714-731-2222 Fax: 714-368-9781 www.halbar-assoc.com

2009 Formula Hybrid Engineering

Brush Commutated DC Motor


The classical DC motor consists of permanent magnets, a wire coil and commutator. The interaction of the current passing through the coil and the magnetic eld of the magnets generates a torque on the axis of the armature holding the coil. The commutator changes the direction of current in the coil as it turns so the torque is consistent.

The motor torque T is proportional to the armature current I, where kt is the torque constant. The current I is dened by the armature resistance R and the difference between the supply voltage Vs and the opposing electro-motive force Vb generated by the rotation of the armature windings.

Thus, the motor torque decreases linearly with increasing angular velocity.

2009 Formula Hybrid Engineering

Torque Speed Curve


The primary parameters used to characterize a DC Motor are its stall torque and its no-load speed. The torque speed curve of the motor is a line that connects these two points.

Torque-Speed Curve
1.800 1.600 1.400 Torque (N-m) 1.200 1.000 0.800 0.600 0.400 0.200 0.000 0 20 40 60 80 100 Angular Velocity (rad/sec) Actual Transmission

A transmission (4:1 reduction plotted above) decreases the output speed and increases the output torque.
2009 Formula Hybrid Engineering 4

Power-Speed Curve
The power delivered by the motor is the product of its torque and angular velocity, P=T. Notice that the power peak is at one-half the no-load speed.

Power-Speed Curve
10.000 9.000 8.000 Power (Watts) 7.000 6.000 5.000 4.000 3.000 2.000 1.000 0.000 0 20 40 60 80 100 Angular Velocity (rad/sec) Actual Transmission

A transmission does not change the value of peak power, but it does shift the speed at which it occurs.

A transmission with speed ratio R=4 shifts the power peak from 42 rad/sec (400rpm) to 10.5 rad/sec (100rpm).

A transmission shifts the peak of the power-speed curve to the desired range of the output.
2009 Formula Hybrid Engineering 5

Transmission
The choice of transmission components depends on the desired speed ratio: up to 2:1 can be achieved using a linkage. The links are stiff, and have low but variable inertia and low joint friction; up to 6:1 can be achieved by a belt, chain and cable drives. The pulleys of these drives have higher but constant inertia, and the belt, chain or cable introduce elastic and friction losses; and up to 8:1 and higher can be achieved by gear trains. Gears have constant inertia, and tooth exibility introduces elastic and friction losses.

Linkages, belt drives and gear trains can be combined to achieve a desired speed ratio.
2009 Formula Hybrid Engineering 6

Summary
o The torque of a DC motor decreases linearly with increasing angular velocity. o A motors stall torque and no-load speed dene its torque-speed curve. o The power peak of a DC motor occurs at one-half of its no-load speed. o A transmission shifts the peak of the power-speed curve to the desired range of the output. o A linkage, belt-drive, gears or a combination of these components can provide the speed-ratio that matches the motor to the desired application. o Transmission losses arise from inertia, elastic and friction effects.

2009 Formula Hybrid Engineering

You might also like