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UT Equations

The document provides formulas for key ultrasonic parameters used in testing, including longitudinal and transverse wave velocities, acoustic impedance, near-field distance, beam divergence angle, reflection and transmission coefficients, Snell's law, amplitude attenuation, sound amplitude gain or loss, surface distance and depth calculations, and skip distance. It defines the variables in each formula and provides brief remarks about their usage and relationships between parameters.

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Navneet Singh
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922 views2 pages

UT Equations

The document provides formulas for key ultrasonic parameters used in testing, including longitudinal and transverse wave velocities, acoustic impedance, near-field distance, beam divergence angle, reflection and transmission coefficients, Snell's law, amplitude attenuation, sound amplitude gain or loss, surface distance and depth calculations, and skip distance. It defines the variables in each formula and provides brief remarks about their usage and relationships between parameters.

Uploaded by

Navneet Singh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UT Useful Formulas

Main ultrasonic parameters and their definition or relationship:

Feature
Longitudinal (Compression) velocity

Formula

Remarks
Where: = Modulus of elasticity (Youngs modul 2 us) [N/m ] = Mass density [kg/m ] Poissons ratio
3

; [ m/s ] Transverse (shear) velocity ; [m/s ] Frequency

= Where: =

Shear modulus [N/m ]

Where: =

Wave Length [m] Velocity [m/s]

; [Hz] Acoustic impedance

Where: =

Velocity [m/s] Density [kg/m ]


3

; [kg/m2s]
Nearfield (circular) ; [mm]

= Where: = = =

Transduser diameter [mm] Transduser frequency [Hz] Sound velocity [mm/s]

Beam divergenceangle (circular) Reflection coefficient Transmission coefficient

Where: =

Beam divergence angle from centerline to point where signal is at half strength
Acoustic impedance of Medium 1 Acoustic impedance of Medium 2

Where: = = Where: =

Reflection coefficient

UT Useful Formulas

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Snells law

Where: = the longitudinal wave velocities in the first and second materials, respectively the shear wave velocities in the first and second materials, respectively the angles of incident and refracted longitudinal waves, respectively the angles of the converted reflected and refracted shear waves, respectively

Amplitude attenuation

Where: = = =

Initial (unattenuated) amplitude Attenuation coefficient [dB/m] Traveled distance [m] = Amblitude of the first pulse = Amblitude of the second pulse

Sound amplitude gain (or loss) in Decibel Distance to reflector or discontinuity (normal or angle beam) Surface Distance & Depth (1st Leg)

Where:

; [dB]
Where: = =

Sound velocity (longitudinal or shear) [m/s] Time difference [s]

Surface Distance & Depth (2nd Leg)

Skip Distance for weld inspection

UT Useful Formulas

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