Optical Applications with CST Microwave Studio
Dr. Frank Demming-Janssen
Outline
Whats so special on optical simulations?
optics for beginners materials
Solver overview for optical simulation Application examples
2n dO
na nd k
l n o i at
rd er an d
TF
F S /
u c l Ca
3r dOr de rn on
ss au G
lin e
ar ma ter
am Be
ial s
Gradien t Index
Fiber/O
Fresnel equations
ptics
m s a Pl on
n and k
are called the refractive index and extinction coefficient
) * n = n + i k = n (1 + i )
re = n k im = 2nk
2
optical user will ALWAYS use these parameters
* sometimes:
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) n = n + i
Calculate Drude Parameter Macro
Optical WG Modes with CST MWS
n = 1.16 a = 500 nm
n = 1.45
Freq: 330 THz -> 909 nm wavelength
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optical_wg_sweep.zip
www.cst.com
Theoretical Dispersion Plot
With:
b=
/ ko n2
n1 n2
V = ko a n1 n2
2
1 2 2
*G.P. Agrawal: Fiber Optics Communication Systems, Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical Engineering, pp 34
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Modes
HE11
HE12
8 www.cst.com
Modedispersion Mode 1
Error calculation: Because of the use of the normalized propagation const. b the error in this curve seems larger then it is! An error of less the 1% in the might show up as a error of more then 5% in b!
9 www.cst.com
Modedispersion Higher Order modes
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Plasmon
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Materials
For metals the real part of eps is NOT negligible and is negative and dispersive!
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CST MICROWAVE STUDIO Solver Overview Optical Applications
Large Problems Memory efficient algorithm Hardware Accelerator, Cluster Computing Perfect Boundary approximation eliminates staircase error at dielectric/dielectric and dielectric/PEC interface Broadband Solution Broadband Farfield Monitor periodic structures with Floquet port modes unit cells surface plasmons TET mesh accurate field solutions at dielectric/Drude metal interface periodic boundaries (unit cells) Dispersion diagrams
Transient
Frequency Domain
Eigenmode
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Transient Solver - advantages Memory efficient algorithm
solves electrical large problems
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Transient Solver - advantages Memory efficient algorithm Perfect Boundary Approximation
eliminates staircase error at dielectric/dielectric and dielectric/PEC interface
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Transient Solver - advantages Memory efficient algorithm Perfect Boundary Approximation Calculates Broadband Solution
Coated Silica Sphere
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Transient Solver - some weaknesses -
Local Field Error (Drude Material)
MWS
FDTD from publication
PBA works only perfect on normal dielectric materials. On Drude materials with a sign change of real par of at interface PBA has no effect only affect local field values
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Frequency Domain Solver - advantages TET and HEX mesh
TET mesh resolves material interfaces: Accurate local field information for Drude Materials
HEX
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TET
Frequency Domain Solver - advantages -
TET and HEX mesh
TET mesh resolves material interfaces: Accurate local field information for Drude Materials
HEX
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TET
Fields along line across material interface
Example: Nanometric Optical Tweezers
metal tip
P
dielectric Sphere: 5 nm radius
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Reference: Lukas Novotny, Randy X. Bian, and X. Sunney Xie, Physical Review Letters, Volume 79, No. 4, 28 July 1997
Acrobat-Dokument
Field enhancement
Incident field = 810 nm
P E
Polarization of the incident E-field aligned with tip axis: enhancement factor 75
Polarization of the incident E-field perpendicular to the tip axis: no enhancement E P
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Trapping a particle underneath the tip
Incident field = 810 nm
Trapped dielectric particle
Trapped metallic particle
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Frequency Domain Solver - advantages TET and HEX mesh Periodic and Unit cell calculation
Allows arbitrary angle of incidents for plane waves
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Example: Frustrated Total Reflection
Transmission vs. Gap Width
Power Flow vs. Gap Width
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Example: Surface Plasmon Generation
= 1.69
= -15.99 + 0.8i
P E
metal sheet 50 nm
= 2.56
Incident field phi > phi critical
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Example: Surface Plasmon Generation
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Example: Plasmon Scattering
Grating distance
P E
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Example: Plasmon scattering by grading scattered field
P E
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Example: Plasmon excitation by grading
E P
Surface Plasmon
Grating distance
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Example: Plasmon excitation by grading - structure setup -
2 D Solution
setup only 1 mesh cell in height
Periodic Boundaries Ports at both ends
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Example: Plasmon excitation by grading - structure setup -
record balance: Energy absorb by system
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Example: Plasmon excitation by grading TD Simulation
grating 450 THz
550 THz
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Frequency Domain Solver - advantages TET and HEX mesh Periodic and Unit cell calculation Arbitrary material dispersion
For FD Solver ignore warning concerning material fit
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Example: Scattering on a coated sphere
Test vehicle: nano shell - silver coated silica
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Results: Extinction Cross Section
Published results
MWS: different solvers
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Thank you
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