Interface dan adc/dac
Hardware interfaces Hardware interfaces exist in computing systems between many of the components such as the various buses, storage devices, other I/O devices, etc. A hardware interface is described by the mechanical, electrical and logical signals at the interface and the protocol for sequencing them (sometimes called signaling).[1]
Real Time Data Acquisition and Control.
Hardware interfaces
A standard interface, such as SCSI, decouples the design and introduction of computing hardware, such as I/O devices, from the design and introduction of other components of a computing system, thereby allowing users and manufacturers great flexibility in the implementation of computing systems.[1] Hardware interfaces can be parallel where performance is important or serial where distance is important. ISA, EISA, VESA, PCI , IDE
Rujukan 1
Rujukan 2
21.1 Input/Output Devices and Controllers
Table 3.3
Input type
Symbol
Some input, output, and two-way I/O devices.
Other examples
Music note, OCR
Prime examples
Keyboard, keypad
Data rate (b/s)
10s
Main uses
Ubiquitous
Position
Identity Sensory Audio Image
Mouse, touchpad
Barcode reader Touch, motion, light Microphone Scanner, camera
Stick, wheel, glove
Badge, fingerprint Scent, brain signal Phone, radio, tape Graphic tablet
100s
100s 100s 1000s 1000s-106s
Ubiquitous
Sales, security Control, security Ubiquitous Photos, publishing
Video
Camcorder, DVD
VCR, TV cable
1000s-109s
Entertainment
Output type
Symbol Position Warning Sensory Audio Image Video
Prime examples
LCD line segments Stepper motor Buzzer, bell, siren Braille text Speaker, audiotape Monitor, printer Monitor, TV screen
Other examples
LED, status light Robotic motion Flashing light Scent, brain stimulus Voice synthesizer Plotter, microfilm Film/video recorder
Data rate (b/s)
10s 100s A few 100s 1000s 1000s 1000s-109s
Main uses
Ubiquitous Ubiquitous Safety, security Personal assistance Ubiquitous Ubiquitous Entertainment
Two-way I/O
Mass storage Network
Prime examples
Hard/floppy disk Modem, fax, LAN
Other examples
CD, tape, archive Cable, DSL, ATM
Data rate (b/s)
106s 1000s-109s
Main uses
Ubiquitous Ubiquitous
Feb. 2011
Computer Architecture, Input/Output and Interfacing
Slide 5
Diagram Dasar
I/O Organization for Greater Performance
CPU
Cache
Interrupts
Main memory
Memory bus
Bus adapter Bus adapter
Proprietary
AGP
Intermediate buses / ports
PCI bus
Standard
I/O bus
Bus adapter
I/O controller I/O controller
Graphics display
I/O controller
I/O controller
Network
Disk
Disk
CD/DVD
Figure 21.2 Input/output via intermediate and dedicated I/O buses (to be explained in Chapter 23).
Feb. 2011 Computer Architecture, Input/Output and Interfacing Slide 7
Baca Memori
Tulis Memori
Baca I/O PORT
Tulis I/O Port
Timing
Counters
Timers
Antarmuka Parallel Vs. Serial
Using Serial than Parallel Transmitting data to a relatively distance peripherals Requires only one data wire
8 wires for parallel
Less cable, line drivers and receivers
Esp. Long distance
To use commercial communication facilities such as regular telephone or data lines
Chap 0 16
Slot paralel
Port
Sistem interupsi
Pengontrol interupsi
Peta Memori
Desain interface
Kaset
Decoder addr 703
Latch
Antarmuka paralel
Printer
Data bus paralel port
Buffer + latch
Antarmuka arus/tegangan besar
Paralel port
Rs 232-c
Current-loop
Komunikasi Asinkron
Asinkronus Adapter
25 pin communication
ADC vs DAC
konverter
ADC vs DAC
Analog to Digital? How's it done?
Forouzan Chapter 4.3 (around lecture 16)
3 March 2004
Peter Komisarczuk & VUW, 2004.
40
ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER
Diagram ADC
Rangkaian ADC
Contoh ADC
Komponen ADC
DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER (DAC)
Contoh Rangkaian DAC
Komponen DAC
BIOS
SEKIAN
SCSI: Small Computer System Interface
SCSI is actually an acronym for Small Computer System Interface and it is pronounced as "skuzzy". It is the second-most popular hard disk interface used in PCs today. It's a high-speed, intelligent peripheral I/O bus with a device independent protocol for transferring data between different types of peripheral devices. The SCSI bus connects all parts of a computer system so that they can communicate with each other. The bus frees the host processor from the responsibility of I/O internal tasks. A SCSI bus can be either internal, external, or cross the boundary from internal to external. The SCSI protocol is a peer-to-peer relationship: one device does not have to be subordinated to another device in order to perform I/0 activities. Only two of these devices can communicate on the bus at any given time.
Each SCSI bus can connect up to 8 or up to 16 peripherals; one of those devices will always be the computer or the SCSI card, because they too are devices on the SCSI. SCSI devices are designated as either initiators (drivers) or targets (receivers) and the interface to the host computer is called the host adapter. Every device connected to the bus will have a different SCSI ID, ranging from 0 to 7. The host adapter takes up one ID leaving 7 ID's for other hardware. SCSI hardware typically consists of hard drives, tape drives, CD-ROMs, printers and scanners Reference: http://seminarprojects.com/Thread-small-computersystem-interface--3468#ixzz1qbhKlhNt
