Charlie Christian Biography
Born: July 29, 1916
Charlie Christian - electric guitar (1916-1942)
As the man who popularized the guitar in a jazz setting, his legacy lives on.
Charlie Christian was born on July 29, 1916 in Bonham, Texas but was raised in
Oklahoma City from the time he was two years old. Charlie's immediate family were all
musically talented - his mother played the piano; his father sang and played the trumpet
and guitar; his brother, Clarence, played the violin and the mandolin; and his oldest
brother, Edward, played the string bass. His parents made a living writing
accompaniments for silent movies. At the age of twelve, Charlie was playing on a guitar
that he had made from a cigar box in a manual training class. Charlie was actually first
trained on the trumpet which was a huge contribution to his fluid single-note guitar style.
Then, his father and brothers formed a quartet and Charlie got a real guitar. They
performed in Oklahoma City clubs and Charlie even met Lester Young (tenor
saxophonist) during one of his performances. Charlie was fascinated by Lester's style
which helped in shaping his own stylistic development.
At the age of twenty-one he was playing electric guitar and leading a jump band. At the
age of 23 (1939), Charlie was discovered by a talent scout, John Hammond, who had
stopped in Oklahoma city to attend Benny Goodman's first Columbia recording sessions.
Pianist Mary Lou Williams had actually recommended Charlie to John Hammond.
Goodman was not very excited, this was due to the fact that Charlie was an unknown
musician playing an electric instrument. The amplified electric guitar was fairly new at
the time (trombonist and arranger Eddie Durham began playing it as a solo instrument in
Jimmie Lunceford's band in 1935). It was essentially an amplified “f-hole,” and it helped
in making the jazz guitar solo a practical reality for the first time.
Previously relegated to a chordal rhythm style by the limitations of the acoustic
instrument, jazz guitarists could now revel in the volume, sustain, and tonal flexibility
provided by amplification. Charlie quickly realized the potential of the electric guitar, and
developed a style which made the most of the unique properties of the instrument. When
Charlie arrived in Los Angeles, he was only allowed a brief audition and he was not even
allowed the time to plug in his amp. Goodman was not impressed so Hammond decided
to sneak Charlie onstage later that night during a concert at the Victor Hugo. This made
Goodman angry and he responded by launching into “Rose Room,” which he assumed
Charlie would be unfamiliar with. Charlie performed an impressive extended solo on the
piece. This impressed Goodman and Charlie was let into the band.
Charlie was a hit on the electric guitar and remained in the Benny Goodman Sextet for
two years (1939-1941). He wrote many of the group's head arrangements (some of
which Goodman took credit for) and was an inspiration to all. The sextet made him
famous and provided him with a steady income while Charlie worked on legitimizing,
popularizing, revolutionizing, and standardizing the electric guitar as a jazz instrument.
After working at nights with Goodman, Charlie would seek out jam sessions. He
discovered a club in Harlem, Minton's, located on New York's West 118th Street. At
Minton's Charlie played with such greats as Dizzie Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Thelonius
Monk, Joe Guy (trumpet), Nick Fenton (bass), Kenny Kersey (piano), and Kenny Clarke
(drums). Charlie impressed them all by improvising long lines that emphasized off beats,
and by using altered chords. He even bought a second amp to leave at Minton’s.
Jamming sessions would usually last until about 4 A.M. and Minton’s became the cradle
of the bebop movement. Charlie's inventive single-note playing helped popularize the
electric guitar as a solo instrument and helped usher in the era of bop.
In the summer of 1941, Christian was touring the Midwest when he began showing the
first signs of tuberculosis. He left the tour and was admitted to the Seaview Sanatorium
on Staten Island. While he was there, he died on March 2, 1942 at the age of twenty-
five.
Charlie Christian’s most familiar recordings are those with Benny Goodman which were
available on vinyl for years (”Solo Flight”) and which are now available on cd as “Charlie
Christian: Genius of the Electric Guitar.” There are recorded sessions from when he
played with members of the Goodman and Count Basie bands, Lester Young, and
numerous artists at Minton's. Charlie Christian had an immense influence on the
development of BeBop and the transition from Swing to BeBop.
