SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN TUANKU LAILATUL SHAHREEN, PADANG BEHOR, 01000 KANGAR PERLIS THE LATEST OPEN SOURCE

OPERATING SYSTEM

NAME: I/C NO : INDEX NO: CLASS: TEACHER:

CONTENT 1.0 2.0 INTRODUCTION The Latest Open Source Operating System (OS) 2.1 2.2 3.0 Meaning of open source (OS) Example of open source (OS)

The Latest Open source Application Software 3.1 3.2 Meaning of open source Examples of open source (OS)

4.0

The Latest Deveplopment in ICT 4.1 4.2 Hardware Software

5.0

Pervasive Computing 5.1 5.2 Meaning of pervasive computing Examples of pervasive computing

6.0

Conclusion

Reference

1.0 Introduction 1.1 Meaning of Open Source Generically, open source refers to a program in which the source code is available to the general public for use and/or modification from its original design free of charge, i.e., open. Open source code is typically created as a collaborative effort in which programmers improve upon the code and share the changes within the community. Open source sprouted in the technological community as a response to proprietary software owned by corporations. A certification standard issued by the Open Source Initiative (OSI) that indicates that the source code of a computer program is made available free of charge to the general public. The rationale for this movement is that a larger group of programmers not concerned with proprietary ownership or financial gain will produce a more useful and bug -free product for everyone to use. The concept relies on peer review to find and eliminate bugs in the program code, a process which commercially developed and packaged programs do not utilize. Programmers on the Internet read, redistribute and modify the source code, forcing an expedient evolution of the product. The process of eliminating bugs and improving the software happens at a much quicker rate than through the traditional development channels of commercial software as the information is shared throughout the open source community and does not originate and channel through a corporation's research and development cogs. 1.2 Meaning of Hardware Hardware means Refers to objects that you can actually touch, like disks, disk drives, display screens, keyboards, printers, boards, and chips. In contrast, software is untouchable. Software exists as ideas, concepts, and symbols, but it has no substance. Books provide a useful analogy. The pages and the ink are the hardware, while the words, sentences, paragraphs, and the overall meaning are the software. A computer without software is like a book full of blank pages -- you need software to make the computer useful just as you need words to make a book meaningful.

1.3 Meaning of Software Software is a generic term for organized collections of computer data and instructions, often broken into two major categories: system software that provides the basic non-task-specific functions of the computer, and application software which is used by users to accomplish specific tasks. System software is responsible for controlling, integrating, and managing the individual hardware components of a computer system so that other software and the users of the system see it as a functional unit without having to be concerned with the low-level details such as transferring data from memory to disk, or rendering text onto a display. Generally, system software consists of an operating system and some fundamental utilities such as disk formatters, file managers, display managers, text editors, user authentication (login) and management tools, and networking and device control software. Application software, on the other hand, is used to accomplish specific tasks other than just running the computer system. Application software may consist of a single program, such as an image viewer; a small collection of programs (often called a software package) that work closely together to accomplish a task, such as a spreadsheet or text processing system; a larger collection (often called a software suite) of related but independent programs and packages that have a common user interface or shared data format, such as Microsoft Office, which consists of closely integrated word processor, spreadsheet, database, etc.; or a software system, such as a database management system, which is a collection of fundamental programs that may provide some service to a variety of other independent applications. Software is created with programming languages and related utilities, which may come in several of the above forms: single programs like script interpreters, packages containing a compiler, linker, and other tools; and large suites (often called Integrated Development Environments) that include editors, debuggers, and other tools for multiple languages

2.0 The Latest Open Source Operating System (OS) 2.1 Meaning of open source(OS)
An operating system is a set of programs containing instructions that coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources. Most operating system perform similar function that includes starting a computer, provide a user interface, managing program, managing memory and configuring devices. Some operating system also allows user to control a network and administer security. Open Source Operating System is any operating system that is free to use and which provides the original code where the source code is available (under a copyright license) to the public, which enables them to use, modify / enhance the operating system, and redistribute the modified (or unmodified) form of the operating system. The advance user can modify the code of the operating system to make it works better for them in starting the computer or a likely user interface.

2.2 Example of open source (OS)

Ubuntu releases are made semiannually by Canonical Ltd, the developers of the Ubuntu operating system, using the year and month of the release as aversion number. The first Ubuntu release, for example, was Ubuntu 4.10 and was released on 20 October 2004. Consequently, version numbers for future versions are provisional; if the release is delayed until a different month (or even year) to that planned, the version number changes accordingly.

Ubuntu releases are timed to be approximately one month after GNOMEreleases, which are in turn about one month after releases of X.Org, resulting in each Ubuntu release including a newer version of GNOME and X. Every fourth release, in the second quarter of even-numbered years, has been designated as a Long Term Support (LTS) release, indicating that they are supported and receive updates for five years, with paid technical support also available from Canonical Ltd. However the desktop version of LTS releases before 12.04 were supported for only three years. Releases 6.06, 8.04, 10.04 and 12.04 are the LTS releases. Non-LTS releases prior to 13.04 have typically been supported for 18 months, and have always been supported until at least the date of the next LTS release. This has changed, however, for 13.04 and subsequent non-LTS releases, with the support period being halved to 9 months.

Linux is very similar to other operating systems, such as Windows and OS X. Linux is developed collaboratively , meaning no one company is solely responsible for its development or ongoing support. Companies participating in the Linux economy share research and development costs with their partners and competitors. Linux OS is Linux Ubuntu, Linux Redhat, Linux Caldera. On 21 July 2011 Linus Torvalds announced the date of
release.

3.0 The Latest Open Source Application Software 3.1 Meaning of open source application software
Open source application software is computer software that is available in source code form for which the source code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under a software license that permits users to study, change, and improve the software. Open source licenses often meet the requirements of the Open Source Definition. Some open source application software is available within the public domain. Open source application software is very often developed in a public, collaborative manner. Open source application software is the most prominent example of open source development and often compared to user-generated content or open content movements. The term open source application softwareoriginated as part of a marketing campaign for free application software originated as part of a marketing campaign for free application software

3.2 Examples of open source application software BLENDER(SOFTWARE)

Blender is a free and open-source 3D computer graphics software product used for creating animated films, visual effects, art, 3D printed models, interactive 3D applications and video games. Blender's features include 3D modeling, UV unwrapping, texturing, rigging and skinning, fluid and smoke simulation, particle simulation, soft body simulation, animating, match moving, camera tracking, rendering, video editing and compositing. It also features a built-in game engine.

GIMP

GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program) is an image retouching and editing tool and is released under the GPLv3 license as free and open-source software. There are versions tailored for most operating systems including Linux, OS X, and Microsoft Windows. GIMP has tools used for image retouching and editing, free-form drawing, resizing, cropping, photo-montages, converting between different image formats, and more specialised tasks. Animated images such as GIF and MPEG files can be created using an animation plugin. The developers and maintainers of GIMP strive to create a high-end free software graphics application for the editing and creation of original images, photos, icons, graphical elements of web pages, and art for user interface elements .

4.0 The Latest Deveplopment in Ict 4.1Hardware Canon Pixma 280

Canon Pixma Mx360

Launch January 2010 Level The Canon Pixma MP280 is an entry level all-in-one printer, scanner, and copier withenhanced photo printing capabilities. It was thebudget-friendly model out of its line of eight photo printers. Advantage The Canon Pixma MP280 taking on the new Pixma photo printer look, itfeatures a simple glossy black design withsilver accents. Canon has included Full HD Movie Print and photo editing software, as well as the Easy Photo Print app for Android smartphonesin the package.Moreover, this photo all-in-one offers high color resolution color photocapabilities with a maximum of 4800 x 1200dpi and is Energy Star certified.

Launch January 2012 Level The Canon Pixma MX360 It is an entry level model designed forsmall office/home office use, alongside the Pixma MX410.

Advantage The Canon Pixma MX360 is four-inone can print, scan, copy, and fax and connectsto a computer via HighSpeed USB 2.0 (notethat the MX410 has wireless connectivity). It has an automatic document feeder that can fitup to 30 sheets and a 100-sheet rear feed tray.

Photoshop cs5

Photoshop cs6

Launch Launch 12 April 2010 Tool CS5 introduces new tools such as the Content-Aware Fill, Refine Edge, Mixer Brush, Bristle Tips and Puppet Warp. The community also had a hand in the additions made to CS5 as 30 new features and improvements were included by request. These includes automatic image straightening, the Rule-of-Thirds cropping tool, colour pickup and saving an 16-bit image as a JPEG. Another features includes the Adobe Mini Bridge which allows for efficient file browsing and management. Advantage CS5 Extended includes everything in CS5 plus features in 3D and video editing. A new materials library was added, providing more options such as Chrome, Glass and Cork. Tool CS6 brings the straighten tool to Photoshop, where a user simply draws a line anywhere on a image, and the canvas will reorient itself so that the line drawn becomes horizontal, and adjusts the media accordingly. This was created with the intention that users will draw a line parallel to a plane in the image, and reorient the image to that plane to more easily achieve certain perspectives. 7 May 2012

Advantage Adobe has responded to feedback from graphic designers and has modified the User Interface accordingly. Now, it boasts a more unified, static look, and is easier to keep track of all the palttes and documents.

5.0 Pervasive Computer 5.1 Pervasive computer

Pervasive computing means that the technology is gracefully integrated in our everyday life. The user is no longer aware of this embedded technology. It also refers to computers contained in common place objects such as cars and etc. It appliances and implies that people are unaware of their presence. Pervasive computing uses web technology, portable devices, mobile devices, wireless communications and nomadic or ubiquitos computing system. Other terms for pervasive computing are Ubiquitous Computing, Calm Technology and Thing That Think. It is about the ability to deliver any information to any device over any network. In short, it is about computers everywhere, where computers are embedded into equipment, machines, furniture or people. The current technology has evolved into embedded network and wireless.

5.2 Examples of Pervasive Computer ASUS Eee Pad 101TC

The Eee Pad 101TC is in some respects a whole different kettle of fish to its bigger brother. It's not just the 10 inches of glass that follows in the iPad's footsteps, but also the metal sleeve around the edge now. Either way, this has become an aesthetically acceptable style and the textured backside also looks good and adds grip, however in the early sample on show the quality of manufacture still needs some tweaking around the edges.

SMARTPHONE

A smartphone is a mobile phone offering advanced capabilities, often with PClike functionality. There is no industry standard definition of a smartphone. For some,a smartphone is a phone that runs complete operating system software providing astandardized interface and platform for application developers. For others, asmartphone is simply a phone with advanced features like e-mail, Internet and e-book reader capabilities, and/or a built-in full keyboard or external USB keyboard andVGA connector. In other words, it is a miniature computer that has phone cabalitiy.

6.0 Conclusion

Open Source Operating System is any operating system that is free to use and which provides the original code where the source code is available to the public, which enables them to use, modify / enhance the operating system, and distribution of the operating system. The advance user can modify the code of the operating system to make it works better for them in starting the computer or a likely user interface. Other than that, software that is not part of an operating system is application software. It can be portrayed as computer programs that are used to accomplish specific tasks not related to the computer itself where they can be installed on your machine using disks or CDs. Software can be acquired in two days which the custom software and public software. Most modern software is written in Visual BASIC, Delphic or database languages. Software is divided into three categories which are operating system, programming and application software,

Lastly, Most of the open source software is licensed under what is often termed a "copyleft"license[citation needed], a term which emphasizes the license's reversal of the principles of copyright. A traditional license is used to limit freedoms, which the free software movementconsiders essential, the "four software freedoms",taking them away from the users eithercompletely ("you may not distribute the software") or partially ("you can use the software for anevaluation period of 30 days; after that you must either pay a license registration fee ordiscontinue the software

Reference

http://www.hardwareheaven.com/reviews/755/pg2/logitech-g19-gaming-keyboard-withlcd-packaging-bundle.html

http://www.trustedreviews.com/Logitech-G15-Gaming-Keyboard_Peripheral_review

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIMP