5.
4: The Difference of Two Squares
Objectives:
Within the learning period, I will be able to Factor the difference of two squares. Factor a perfect square trinomial. Factor a polynomial by first factoring out the greatest common factor and then factoring the polynomial that remains.
Prepared by Jowelyn Joy Domocmat for EIS MS Algebra 1 Classes AY 2013-14
Review: Perfect Squares
1 4 = 12 = 22
9
16
=32
=42
You should be able to list the first 15 perfect squares in 30 seconds
25
36
=52
=62
Perfect squares 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169, 196, 225
Review: 3 Special Products (Perfect Square Trinomials)
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 (a b)2 = a2 2ab + b2 (a + b) (a b) = a2 b2
If the first and last terms of the polynomial to be factored can be written as expressions in squared, and the middle term of the polynomial is twice the product of those two expressions (2ab), then it is possible that the equation can be factored using the square of the binomial & the sum and difference patterns.
Example 1
Factor the polynomial 16x2 8xy + y2.
This is in the form a2 2ab + b2, factors: (a b)2
First term: 16x2 can be written as (4x)2 Last term: y2 can be written as (y)2 Middle term: 8xy = 2(4x)(y) Therefore 16x2 8xy + y2 = (4x y)2. Check: Use FOIL method: (4x y)(4x y) = 16x2 - 4xy 4xy + y2 = 16x2 - 8xy + y2
Example 2
Factor the polynomial 9x2 25y2.
This is in the form a2 b2, factors: (a + b) (a b)
First term: 9x2 can be written as (3x)2 Last term: 25y2 can be written as (5y)2 Middle term: none Therefore 9x2 25y2 = (3x + 5y) (3x 5y) Check: Use FOIL method: (3x + 5y)(3x 5y) = 9x2 + 15xy 15xy 25y2 = 9x2 25y2
Example 3
Factor the polynomial 3b3 27b.
It does not appear in the form a2 b2. Factor out the GCF: 3b(b2 9)
First term: b2 can be written as (b)2 Last term: 9 can be written as (3)2 Middle term: none Therefore 3b3 27b = 3b(b + 3) (b 3) Check: Use FOIL method. 3b(b + 3)(b 3) = 3(b2 + 3b 3b 9) = 3b(b2 9) = 3b3 27b
Guided Practice: Problem Set 5.4
Factor the following trinomials.
11. 25x2 - 169
23. 8x2y 18y
(5x + 13) (5x - 13)
2y (4x2 9) = 2y (2x + 3) (2x - 3)
29. 3x3y 75xy3
41. m2 12m + 36
3xy (x2 25y2) = 3xy (x + 5y)(x 5y) (m 6) (m 6) = (m 6)2
(3y 5) (3y 5) = (3y 5)2
47. 9y2 30y + 25
59. x2 3x + 9 4 64
x3 8
x3 = x3 8 8
Guided Practice: Problem Set 5.4
Factor by first factoring out the GCF. 67. 5x3 + 30x2y + 45xy2 5x(x2 + 6xy + 9y2) = 5x(x + 3y)(x + 3y) = 5x (x + 3y)2 Factor by grouping the first three terms. 71. x2 + 2xy + y2 9 (x2 + 2xy + y2) 9 = (x + y) 2 9 [(x + y) + 3] [(x + y) 3) = (x + y + 3) (x + y 3) 75. Find the value of c for which of the polynomial x2 + 10x + c factors to (x + 5)2 (x + 5)2 = x2 + 5x + 5x + 25 = x2 +10x + 25 Therefore c = 25.
Individual Practice - Homework
Problem Set 5.4, TB p. 306 Multiples of 4 (numbers 4, 8,, 76)
