SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY 1. Define matter. Mention its different states. 2. What are colloids? 3.

Mention the basic units of the SI system and their corresponding physical quantities. 4. Give the SI unit of density, pressure, volume, work, force and concentration of a substance. 5. How many significant figures are there in 0.0062 and 6.20x10-3? 6. When are the zeros present in a number considered to be insignificant? 7. Differentiate between precision and accuracy. 8. Which is more precise measurement of a volume: (a) 10.0cm3 (b) 10.00cm3? 9. Write the relationship between Celsius and kelvin. 10. State law of conservation of mass, law of definite proportions and multiple proportions. Illustrate with examples. 11. Give the statement of Gay Lussacs and Avogadros laws. 12. Explain the main features of Daltons atomic theory. 13. Mention the limitations of Daltons theory of atom. 14. Calculate the value of one a.m.u. Define the same. 15. Give the value of Avogadros number. Mention its signi ficance. 16. Define relative atomic and molecular mass. 17. What is meant by gram atomic mass and gram molecular mass? Give example. 18. Most of the atoms have fractional atomic masses. Why? 19. How much volume does one mole of a gas occupy at NTP? 20. Describe formula mass with an example. 21. Define mole. Give its relation with various quantities of a substance. 22. What is molar mass? 23. How is mass converted to moles? 24. Define and give the mathematical representation of: percentage composition, mass percent, molarity, molality, mole fraction and normality. 25. What is a limiting reagent? 26. Write a balanced equation for the combustion of methane. Identify the limiting reagent and explain. 27. Define empirical and molecular formulae. How are they related? 28. Mention two examples for molecule whos empirical and molecular formulae are same. 29. Give the normality equation. 30. How is normality related to molarity? 31. Molality, mole fraction etc are preferred over molarity, normality etc. Why? ****************************

SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY: NUMERICAL PROBLEMS 1. How many significant figures are there in the following? (a) 0.0026 (b) 74000 (c) 0.300 (d) 6.625 x1034 (e) 5.00 8 (f) 3.00 x 10 (g) 2.010 (h) 10057.0 (i) 0.5 (j) 0.006300 2. Correctly report the answer to the addition/subtraction of the following numbers: (a) 124.69 + 6.13 + 11 (b) 24.438 2.9 (c) 1.23 0.9253 (d) 12.7 + 0.9811 + 0.025 (e) 12.11 1.0124 (f) 11.1 + 1.11 + 0.11 3. Multiply/divide the following numbers and report correctly: (a) 4.327 x 2.8 (b) 0.46 15.374 (c) 3.2120 x 0.023 (d) 27.25 4.12 (e) 6.2211 3.76 (f) 5.286 x 4.12 (g) 13.4730 17.11 (h) 71.028 x 0.09 4. Express 20000 as two, three and four significant numbers. 5. In which of the following cases all the zeros are significant? (a) 0.0059 (b) 0.030 (c) 91.000 (d) 0.100 6. Round off the following numbers to four significant figures: (a) 5.607982 (b) 32.392800 (c) 1.78986x103 (d) 0.007837 7. Express the following in scientific notations: (a) 0.0048 (b) 234000 (d) 8008 (d) 0.001056 8. Add/subtract the following numbers: (a) 6.234 x 104 + 1.203 x103 (b) 2.561 x103 - 1.203 x105 (c) 7.263 x 102 + 1.803 x103 (d) 5.901x106 - 9.482x104 9. Express the following in SI units: (a) 92 million miles (b) 5 feet 4 inches (c) 6 cubic meter (d) 2.6 hrs (e) 32.7kcal (f) 75 lb (g) 0.81 bar (h) 37oC 10. Copper exists in two isotopic forms 63Cu and 65Cu with a percentage of 75 and 25 respectively. Calculate the average atomic mass of copper. 11. The relative abundance of chlorine 34.5 and chlorine 37 are 0.735 and 0.245 respectively. Find the average atomic mass of chlorine. 12. Calculate (a) mass of 2.5g atom of magnesium (b) gram atoms in 1.4g of nitrogen (c) gram molecules in 56g of H2SO4 (d) mass of 0.72 g molecule of carbondioxide 13. Calculate the number of atoms/molecules in: (a) 0.25 mole atoms of carbon (b) 0.5 mole molecules of oxygen 3 (c) 1 g gold (d) 100cm of hydrogen gas (e) 2.7g atom of magnesium 14. Convert the following to moles: (a) 2.05 x 1025 atoms of sodium (b) 56g of chlorine gas (c) 20g of benzene (d) 2500mL of nitrogen gas (e) 1kg of water (f) 0.63g of copper 15. Find the mass of (a) 0.25mol of methane (b) 5x1020 atoms of copper (c) 78.3 dm3 of butane (d) 5 g atom of ammonia (e) 0.72g molecule of glucose (f) 1.263x1022molecules of sugar 16. Calculate the volume occupied by the following at STP: (a) 9.6g of helium (b) 2.2moles of carbondioxide (c) 8 g molecule of SO2 21 (d) 10 molecules of chlorine (e) 12g of methane 17. Calculate the mass of one amu in grams.

SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY: NUMERICAL PROBLEMS

18. Determine the empirical formula of an oxide of iron which has 69.9% iron and 30.1% oxygen by mass. (Atomic mass of Fe = 55.85amu) (Fe2O3) 19. A carbohydrate containing 40% C, 6.73% H and 53.3% O has a molecular mass of 180.2. Determine its molecular formula. (C6H12O6) 20. A compound whose molecular mass is 28 contains 85.6% carbon and 14.4% hydrogen. Determine its molecular formula. (C2H4) 21. 1.025g of a hydrocarbon gave 3.01g of carbondioxide and 1.855g water when burnt. Calculate the empirical formula of the compound. (CH3) 22. 0.1g of an organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen was completely burnt in oxygen to produce 0.1910g of CO2 and 0.1772g of H2O. What is its empirical formula? (C2H6O) 23. A compound on analysis was found to contain C = 34.6%, H = 3.85% and oxygen = 61.55%. Calculate its empirical formula. (C3H4O4) 24. An organic compound has C = 48%, H = 8%, N = 28%. Find the empirical formula of the compound. (C4H8N2O) 25. A welding fuel gas containing carbon and hydrogen on combustion formed 3.38g of carbon dioxide and 0.69g of water. A volume of 10mL of this gas is found to weigh 11.6g at STP. What is its molecular formula? (C2H2) 26. A carbohydrate sample of weight 310g leaves a residue of 124g of carbon on heating in absence of air. If 0.0833mole of it contains 1.0g of hydrogen, what is its molecular formula? (C6H12O6) 27. A compound contains 4.07% hydrogen, 24.27% carbon and remaining chlorine. Its molar mass is 98.96g. What are its empirical and molecular formulae? (C2H4Cl2) 28. 2.746g of a compound gave on analysis 1.94g of silver, 0.268g of sulphur and 0.538g of oxygen. Calculate its empirical formula. (Atomic mass of Ag = 108) (Ag2SO4) 29. A compound made up of A & B has 70% by mass of A and 30% by mass of B. Their relative numbers of moles in the compound are 1.25 and 1.88 respectively. Calculate its molecular formula. (A2B3) 30. A compound contains 42.3913% K, 15.2173% Fe, 19.5652% C and 22.8660% N. The molecular mass of the compound is 368u. Find its molecular formula. (K4FeC6N6) 31. Calculate the empirical formula of the compound, if it contains 38.8% of carbon, 16% of hydrogen and 45.2% of nitrogen in it. (CH4N2) 32. 60g of a compound on analysis gave 24g of carbon, 4g of hydrogen and 32g of oxygen. Calculate its molecular formula. (C2H4O2) 33. A compound with a molecular formula 34g/mol contains 5.88% hydrogen and 94.12% oxygen. Find the molecular formula of the compound. (H2O2) 34. An amino acid called serine has an approximate molar mass of 100g/mol. The percent compositions of C, O, H and N in it are 34.95%, 46.56%, 6.844% and 13.59% respectively. What is the molecular formula of this amino acid? (C3H7O3N) 35. An unknown compound was found to contain 47% potassium, 14.5% carbon and 38.5% oxygen. If its molecular mass is 166.22, what is its molecular formula? (K 2C2O4)

SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY: STOICHIOMETRIC CALCUATIONS

36. Calculate the mass of oxygen evolved by the complete decomposition of 5g of potassium chlorate (KClO3) (1.959g) 37. What mass of aluminium oxide will be formed when 12.5g of oxygen reacts completely with aluminium. (26.56g) 38. How many grams of calcium evolved by complete decomposition of 21.6g of mercuric oxide at 300K and 680mm of Hg pressure.(Atomic mass Hg = 200) (1.376dm3) 39. How many grams of oxygen are needed to burn 1.8moles of ethyl alcohol on combustion? (172.8g) 40. Aluminium reacts with oxygen to form aluminium oxide. How many grams of oxygen are required to react with 0.3mole of aluminium? (7.2g) 41. How many moles of carbondioxide will be formed when 0.274mole of ethyl alcohol is burnt? (0.548) 42. Calculate the number of moles of calcium required to react with 2.5moles of chlorine to produce calcium chloride. (1.25) 43. 20kg of hydrogen and 30kg of oxygen are heated to get water. Calculate the amount of water formed. Identify the limiting reagent in the reaction. Also find what amount of reactant is left over. 44. 50kg of dinitrogen and 15kg of dihydrogen are mixed to produce ammonia gas. Calculate the volume of ammonia formed. Identify the limiting reagent.(79.968dm3, N2) 45. Calculate the mass of sodium which contains the same number of atoms as are present in 5g of calcium. (2.3g) 46. Calculate the mass of oxygen that has the same number of molecules as there are in 5g of carbondioxide. 47. Calculate the amount of carbondioxide that could be produced when 2moles of carbon are burnt in 16g of dioxygen. (22g) 48. Find the mass of sodium acetate required to make 500mL of 0.375molar aqueous solution. (15.38g) 49. How much of copper can be obtained from 100g of copper sulphate? (39.81g) 50. Calculate the number of hydrogen atoms in 3moles of ethane. 51. A sample of drinking water was found to be contaminated with chloroform whose level was found to be 15ppm. Determine the molarity of chloroform in the sample. (1.266x10-4) 52. 2kg of dinitrogen and 1kg of dihydrogen react to form ammonia. Calculate the mass of the left over reactant. (H2 = 571.4g) 53. What volume of oxygen at NTP is needed to cause the complete combustion of 200mL of acetylene? Also calculate the volume of carbondioxide formed. (500mL, 400mL) 54. Crystalline magnesium sulphate on heating becomes anhydrous and loses 51.2% of its mass. Calculate the number of molecules of water present in the crystal. (7 molecules) 55. Gastric juice contains about 3g of HCl per liter. If a person produces about 2.5L of gastric juice per day, how many antacid tablets each containing 400mg of aluminium hydroxide are needed to neutralize all the HCl produces in one day? (13.35 14)

56. Potassium bromide contains 32.9% by mass of potassium. If 6.4g of bromine reacts with 3.6g of potassium, calculate the number of moles of potassium which combines with bromine to form potassium bromide. 57. Calculate the mass of graphite that must be burnt to produce 13.2g of carbondioxide. 58. Calculate the amount of lime, Ca(OH)2, required to remove hardness of 50,000 litres of well water which has been found to contain 1.62g of calcium bicarbonate pre 10L. (3.7kg) 59. Calculate the volume of hydrogen liberated at STP when 500cm3 of 0.5N sulphuric acid reacts with excess of zinc. 60. If 20g of calcium carbonate is treated with 20g of hydrochloric acid, how much grams of carbondioxide will be produced? Identify the limiting reagent. (8.8g) 3 61. Calculate the mass of potassium dichromate required to prepare 100cm of decinormal solution 62. Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by diluting 250cm3 of 0.2N sulphuric acid with 500cm3 of water. 63. Calculate mass percent of sulphur and oxygen in sodium sulphate. (22.54 & 45.07) 64. The density of 3M solution of sodium chloride is 1.25g/mL. Calculate the molality of the solution. (2.75m) 65. How many gram of HCl are required to prepare 4L of 5M hydrochloric acid solution? 66. 3L of water are added to a 2L of 5M nitric acid solution. What is the molarity of the resultant solution? 67. 2.8g of potassium hydroxide is dissolved in water to give 200cm3 of solution. Calculate the molarity of the solution. (0.25M) 68. A 13.13g sample of potassium iodide is dissolved in water to produce a total volume of 200cm3. Calculate the molarity of potassium iodide (molecular mass KI = 166) (0.395M) 69. Calculate the molarity of a solution containing 4.9g of sulphuric acid in dissolved 100g of water. (0.5M) 70. Balance the following equations: (a) SO2 + H2S S + H2O (b) Al4C3 + H2O Al(OH)3 + CH4 (c) FeS + O2 Fe2O3 + SO2 (d) KMnO4 + HCl KCl + MnCl2 + H2O + Cl2 (e) Zn + NaOH Na2ZnO2 + H2 (f) KMnO4 + KOH K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 (g) C2H6 + O2 CO2 + H2O (h) Na2S2O3 + I2 Na2S4O6 + NaI (i) Ca3P2 + H2O Ca(OH)2 + PH3 (j) Fe3O4 + H2 Fe + H2O 71. What is the concentration of sugar solution in molarity if 20g of it is dissolved to form a 2L solution? 72. Calculate the molarity of a solution of ethanol in water in which the mole fraction of ethanol is 0.04. 73. What will be the molarity of a solution which contains 5.85g of sodium chloride per 500mL? 74. A solution of glucose contains 30% by mass of glucose. Calculate the mole fraction of the solution. 75. What will be the molality of a solution containing 18.25g of HCl in 500g of water? ********************