Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Quadratic Equations
Exercise A, Question 1

Question:
Draw a graph with the following equation, taking values of x from 4 to + 4. For each graph write down the equation of the line of symmetry. y = x2 3

Solution:
y = x2 3.

4 33 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 3 16 3 9 3 4 3 1 3 0 3 1 3 4 3 9 3 16 3 y 13 6 1 2 3 2 1 6 13 x2

Equation of line of symmetry is x = 0.

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Quadratic Equations
Exercise A, Question 2

Question:
Draw a graph with the following equation, taking values of x from 4 to + 4. For each graph write down the equation of the line of symmetry. y = x2 + 5

Solution:
y = x2 + 5.

4 33 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 + 5 16 + 5 9 + 5 4 + 5 1 + 5 0 + 5 1 + 5 4 + 5 9 + 5 16 + 5 y 21 14 9 6 5 6 9 14 21 x2

Equation of line of symmetry is x = 0.

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Quadratic Equations
Exercise A, Question 3

Question:
Draw a graph with the following equation, taking values of x from 4 to + 4. For each graph write down the equation of the line of symmetry. y=
1 2

x2

Solution:
y=
1 2

x2

x
1 2 x 2

4 33 2 1 0 1 2 3 8 8 4 4
1 2 1 2

4
1 2 1 2

2 2

1 2 1 2

0 0

1 2 1 2

24 24

8 8

Equation of line of symmetry is x = 0.

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Quadratic Equations
Exercise A, Question 4

Question:
Draw a graph with the following equation, taking values of x from 4 to + 4. For each graph write down the equation of the line of symmetry. y = x2

Solution:
y = x2

x y x2

4 33 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 16 9 4 1 0 1 4 9 16 16 9 4 1 0 1 4 9 16

Equation of line of symmetry is x = 0.

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Quadratic Equations
Exercise A, Question 5

Question:
Draw a graph with the following equation, taking values of x from 4 to + 4. For each graph write down the equation of the line of symmetry. y= (x1)
2

Solution:
y = (x 1)2

x (x y 1)2

4 33 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 25 16 9 4 1 0 1 4 9 25 16 9 4 1 0 1 4 9

Equation of line of symmetry is x = 1.

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Quadratic Equations
Exercise A, Question 6

Question:
Draw a graph with the following equation, taking values of x from 4 to + 4. For each graph write down the equation of the line of symmetry. y = x2 + 3x + 2

Solution:
y = x2 + 3x + 2

x y

4 6

33 2

2 0

1 0

0 2

1 6

2 12

3 20

4 30

x2 + 3x + 2 16 12 + 2 9 9 + 2 4 6 + 2 1 3 + 2 0 + 0 + 2 1 + 3 + 2 4 + 6 + 2 9 + 9 + 2 16 + 12 + 2

Equation of line of symmetry is x = 1

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Quadratic Equations
Exercise A, Question 7

Question:
Draw a graph with the following equation, taking values of x from 4 to + 4. For each graph write down the equation of the line of symmetry. y = 2x 2 + 3 x 5

Solution:
y = 2x 2 + 3x 5

4 33 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 2x2 + 3x 5 32 12 5 18 9 5 8 6 5 2 3 5 0 + 0 5 2 + 3 5 8 + 6 5 18 + 9 5 32 + 12 5 y 15 4 3 6 5 0 9 22 39

Equation of line of symmetry is x =

4.

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Solutionbank C1
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Quadratic Equations
Exercise A, Question 8

Question:
Draw a graph with the following equation, taking values of x from 4 to + 4. For each graph write down the equation of the line of symmetry. y = x2 + 2x 6

Solution:
y = x2 + 2x 6

4 33 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 + 2x 6 16 8 6 9 6 6 4 4 6 1 2 6 0 + 0 6 1 + 2 6 4 + 4 6 9 + 6 6 16 + 8 6 y 2 3 6 7 6 3 2 9 18 x2

Equation of line of symmetry is x = 1.

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Quadratic Equations
Exercise A, Question 9

Question:
Draw a graph with the following equation, taking values of x from 4 to + 4. For each graph write down the equation of the line of symmetry. y = ( 2x + 1 )
2

Solution:
y = (2x + 1)2

x 2x + 1 ( 2x + 1 )

4 33 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 8 + 1 6 + 1 4 + 1 2 + 1 0 + 1 2 + 1 4 + 1 6 + 1 8 + 1 7 5 3 1 1 3 5 7 9 25 9 1 1 9 25 49 81 y = (2x + 1)2 49

Equation of line of symmetry is x =

1 2

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 1

Question:
Solve the following equation: x2 = 4 x

Solution:
x2 4 x = 0 x(x4) =0 x = 0 or x 4 = 0 So x = 0 or x = 4
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Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 2

Question:
Solve the following equation: x2 = 25x

Solution:
x2 25x = 0 x ( x 25 ) = 0 x = 0 or x 25 = 0 So x = 0 or x = 25
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Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 3

Question:
Solve the following equation: 3 x2 = 6 x

Solution:
3 x2 6 x = 0 3x ( x 2 ) = 0 x = 0 or x 2 = 0 So x = 0 or x = 2
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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 1 C1

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 4

Question:
Solve the following equation: 5x2 = 30x

Solution:
5x2 30x = 0 5x ( x 6 ) = 0 x = 0 or x 6 = 0 So x = 0 or x = 6
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Solutionbank C1
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Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 5

Question:
Solve the following equation: x2 + 3 x + 2 = 0

Solution:
(x+1) (x+2) =0 x + 1 = 0 or x + 2 = 0 So x = 1 or x = 2
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Solutionbank C1
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Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 6

Question:
Solve the following equation: x2 + 5 x + 4 = 0

Solution:
(x+1) (x+4) =0 x + 1 = 0 or x + 4 = 0 So x = 1 or x = 4
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Solutionbank C1
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Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 7

Question:
Solve the following equation: x2 + 7x + 10 = 0

Solution:
(x+2) (x+5) =0 x + 2 = 0 or x + 5 = 0 x = 2 or x = 5
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Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 8

Question:
Solve the following equation: x2 x 6 = 0

Solution:
(x3) (x+2) =0 x 3 = 0 or x + 2 = 0 So x = 3 or x = 2
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Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 9

Question:
Solve the following equation: x2 8x + 15 = 0

Solution:
(x3) (x5) =0 x 3 = 0 or x 5 = 0 So x = 3 or x = 5
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Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 10

Question:
Solve the following equation: x2 9x + 20 = 0

Solution:
(x4) (x5) =0 x 4 = 0 or x 5 = 0 So x = 4 or x = 5
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Solutionbank C1
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Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 11

Question:
Solve the following equation: x2 5 x 6 = 0

Solution:
(x6) (x+1) =0 x 6 = 0 or x + 1 = 0 So x = 6 or x = 1
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Solutionbank C1
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Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 12

Question:
Solve the following equation: x2 4x 12 = 0

Solution:
(x6) (x+2) =0 x 6 = 0 or x + 2 = 0 So x = 6 or x = 2
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Solutionbank C1
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Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 13

Question:
Solve the following equation: 2 x2 + 7 x + 3 = 0

Solution:
( 2x + 1 ) ( x + 3 ) = 0 2x + 1 = 0 or x + 3 = 0 2x = 1 or x = 3 So x =
1 2

or x = 3

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Solutionbank C1
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Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 14

Question:
Solve the following equation: 6 x2 7 x 3 = 0

Solution:
( 3x + 1 ) ( 2x 3 ) = 0 3x + 1 = 0 or 2x 3 = 0 So x =
1 3

or x =

3 2

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Solutionbank C1
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Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 15

Question:
Solve the following equation: 6 x2 5 x 6 = 0

Solution:
( 3x + 2 ) ( 2x 3 ) = 0 3x + 2 = 0 or 2x 3 = 0 So x =
2 3

or x =

3 2

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Solutionbank C1
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Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 16

Question:
Solve the following equation: 4x2 16x + 15 = 0

Solution:
( 2x 3 ) ( 2x 5 ) = 0 2x 3 = 0 or 2x 5 = 0 So x =
3 2

or x =

5 2

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Solutionbank C1
Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 17

Question:
Solve the following equation: 3 x2 + 5 x = 2

Solution:
3 x2 + 5 x 2 = 0 ( 3x 1 ) ( x + 2 ) = 0 3x 1 = 0 or x + 2 = 0 So x =
1 3

or x = 2

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Solutionbank C1
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Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 18

Question:
Solve the following equation: ( 2x 3 )
2

=9

Solution:
2x 3 = 3 2x = 3 + 3 x=
3+3 2

So x = 3 or x = 0
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Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 19

Question:
Solve the following equation: (x7)
2

= 36

Solution:
x7= 6 x= 6+7 So x = 1 or x = 13
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Exercise B, Question 20

Question:
Solve the following equation: 2 x2 = 8

Solution:
x2 = 4 x= 2 So x = 2 or x = 2
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Solutionbank C1
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Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 21

Question:
Solve the following equation: 3 x2 = 5

Solution:
x2 =
5 3 5 3 5 3

x= \ So x = \

or x = \

5 3

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Solutionbank C1
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Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 22

Question:
Solve the following equation: (x3)
2

= 13

Solution:
x 3 = 13 x = 3 13 So x = 3 + 13 or x = 3 13
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Solutionbank C1
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Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 23

Question:
Solve the following equation: ( 3x 1 )
2

= 11

Solution:
3x 1 = 11 3x = 1 11 x=
1 11 3

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Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 24

Question:
Solve the following equation: 5x2 10x2 = 7 + x + x2

Solution:
6 x2 x + 7 = 0 ( 1 x ) ( 7 + 6x ) = 0 x = 1 or 6x = 7 So x = 1 or x =
7 6

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Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 25

Question:
Solve the following equation: 6x2 7 = 11x

Solution:
6x2 11x 7 = 0 ( 3x 7 ) ( 2x + 1 ) = 0 3x 7 = 0 or 2x + 1 = 0 So x =
7 3

or x =

1 2

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Solutionbank C1
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Quadratic Equations
Exercise B, Question 26

Question:
Solve the following equation: 4x2 + 17x = 6x 2x2

Solution:
6x2 + 11x = 0 x ( 6x + 11 ) = 0 x = 0 or 6x + 11 = 0 So x = 0 or x =
11 6

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Solutionbank C1
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Quadratic Equations
Exercise C, Question 1

Question:
Complete the square for the expression: x2 + 4 x

Solution:
= (x+2)
2

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Exercise C, Question 2

Question:
Complete the square for the expression: x2 6 x

Solution:
= (x3)
2

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Solutionbank C1
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Exercise C, Question 3

Question:
Complete the square for the expression: x2 16x

Solution:
= (x8)
2

64

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Exercise C, Question 4

Question:
Complete the square for the expression: x2 + x

Solution:

x+

1 2

1 4

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Exercise C, Question 5

Question:
Complete the square for the expression: x2 14x

Solution:
= (x7)
2

49

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Exercise C, Question 6

Question:
Complete the square for the expression: 2x2 + 16x

Solution:
= 2 ( x2 + 8x ) = 2 [ ( x + 4 ) 2 16 ] = 2 ( x + 4 ) 2 32
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Exercise C, Question 7

Question:
Complete the square for the expression: 3x2 24x

Solution:
= 3 ( x2 8x ) = 3 [ ( x 4 ) 2 16 ] = 3 ( x 4 ) 2 48
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Exercise C, Question 8

Question:
Complete the square for the expression: 2 x2 4 x

Solution:
= 2 ( x2 2x ) =2[ (x1) 21] =2(x1) 22
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Exercise C, Question 9

Question:
Complete the square for the expression: 5x2 + 20x

Solution:
= 5 ( x2 + 4x ) =5[ (x+2) 24] = 5 ( x + 2 ) 2 20
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Exercise C, Question 10

Question:
Complete the square for the expression: 2 x2 5 x

Solution:

=2

x2

5 2

x
5 4

2 2

=2

x
5 4

25 8

25 16

=2

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Exercise C, Question 11

Question:
Complete the square for the expression: 3 x2 + 9 x

Solution:
= 3 ( x2 + 3x ) =3

x+

x+
3 2

3 2

27 4

9 4

=3

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Exercise C, Question 12

Question:
Complete the square for the expression: 3 x2 x

Solution:

=3

x2

1 3

x
1 6

2 2

=3

x
1 6

3 36

1 36

=3

=3

1 6

1 12

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Exercise D, Question 1

Question:
Solve the quadratic equation by completing the square (remember to leave your answer in surd form): x2 + 6 x + 1 = 0

Solution:
x2 + 6 x = 1 (x+3) 29= 1 (x+3) 2= 1+9 (x+3) 2=8 x+3= 8 x= 3 8 x= 3 24 x= 322 So x = 3 + 2 2 or x = 3 2 2
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Exercise D, Question 2

Question:
Solve the quadratic equation by completing the square (remember to leave your answer in surd form): x2 + 12x + 3 = 0

Solution:
x2 + 12x = 3 ( x + 6 ) 2 36 = 3 ( x + 6 ) 2 = 33 x + 6 = 33 x = 6 33 So x = 6 + 33 or x = 6 33
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Exercise D, Question 3

Question:
Solve the quadratic equation by completing the square (remember to leave your answer in surd form): x2 10x = 5

Solution:
( x 5 ) 2 25 = 5 ( x 5 ) 2 = 5 + 25 ( x 5 ) 2 = 30 x 5 = 30 x = 5 30 So x = 5 + 30 or x = 5 30
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Exercise D, Question 4

Question:
Solve the quadratic equation by completing the square (remember to leave your answer in surd form): x2 + 4 x 2 = 0

Solution:
x2 + 4 x = 2 (x+2) 24=2 (x+2) 2=6 x+2= 6 So x = 2 + 6 or x = 2 6
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Exercise D, Question 5

Question:
Solve the quadratic equation by completing the square (remember to leave your answer in surd form): x2 3 x 5 = 0

Solution:
x2 3 x = 5

x x=

3 2

9 4

=5
9 4

3 2

=5+
29 4

x
3 2 3 2

3 2

=
2

29 2

29

So x =

3 + 29 2

or x =

3 29 2

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Exercise D, Question 6

Question:
Solve the quadratic equation by completing the square (remember to leave your answer in surd form): 2x2 7 = 4x

Solution:
2 x2 4 x = 7 x2 2 x = (x1) (x1) x1= x=1 x=1
3 2 32 2 7 2

1= =
3 2 9 2

7 2

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Exercise D, Question 7

Question:
Solve the quadratic equation by completing the square (remember to leave your answer in surd form): 4 x2 x = 8

Solution:
x2
1 4

x=2
1 8

x x=

1 64

=2
1 64

1 8

=2+
129 64

x
1 8 1 8

1 8

=
8

129 8

129

So x =

1 + 129 8

or x =

1 129 8

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Exercise D, Question 8

Question:
Solve the quadratic equation by completing the square (remember to leave your answer in surd form): 10 = 3x x2

Solution:
x2 3x = 10

3 2

9 4

= 10
31 4

3 2

No real roots as RHS is negative.

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Exercise D, Question 9

Question:
Solve the quadratic equation by completing the square (remember to leave your answer in surd form): 15 6x 2x2 = 0

Solution:
2x2 + 6x = 15 x2 + 3 x =
15 2

x+

x+

3 2

9 4

15 2

x+
3 2

3 2

39 4

=
3 2

39 2 39 2

x=

3 2

So x =

39 2

or x =

3 2

39 2

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Exercise D, Question 10

Question:
Solve the quadratic equation by completing the square (remember to leave your answer in surd form): 5 x2 + 8 x 2 = 0

Solution:
x2 +
8 5

x=
4 5

2 5

x+

x+

16 25

2 5

x+
4 5

4 5

26 25

=
4 5

26 5 26 5

x= So x =

4 + 26

or x =

4 26 5

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Exercise E, Question 1

Question:
Solve the following quadratic equation by using the formula, giving the solution in surd form. Simplify your answer: x2 + 3 x + 1 = 0

Solution:
3 \ 32 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

x= x= x=

21 3\94 2 3 5 2 3+ 5 2

Then x =

or x =

3 5 2

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Exercise E, Question 2

Question:
Solve the following quadratic equation by using the formula, giving the solution in surd form. Simplify your answer: x2 3 x 2 = 0

Solution:
( 3) \ ( 3) 24(1) ( 2)

x= x= x=
+3\9+8 2 3 17 2 3 + 17 2

21

Then x =

or x =

3 17 2

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Exercise E, Question 3

Question:
Solve the following quadratic equation by using the formula, giving the solution in surd form. Simplify your answer: x2 + 6 x + 6 = 0

Solution:
6\ (6) 24(1) (6)

x= x= x= x=

21 6 \ 36 24 2 6 12 2 623 2

x= 3 3 Then x = 3 + 3 or x = 3 3
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Exercise E, Question 4

Question:
Solve the following quadratic equation by using the formula, giving the solution in surd form. Simplify your answer: x2 5 x 2 = 0

Solution:
( 5) \ ( 5) 24(1) ( 2)

x= x= x=
+ 5 \ 25 + 8 2 5 33 2 5 + 33 2

21

Then x =

or x =

5 33 2

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Exercise E, Question 5

Question:
Solve the following quadratic equation by using the formula, giving the solution in surd form. Simplify your answer: 3x2 + 10x 2 = 0

Solution:
10 \ 102 4 ( 3 ) ( 2 )

x= x= x= x=

23 10 \ 100 + 24 6 10 124 6 10 2 31 6 5 + 31 3

Then x =

or x =

5 31 3

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Exercise E, Question 6

Question:
Solve the following quadratic equation by using the formula, giving the solution in surd form. Simplify your answer: 4 x2 4 x 1 = 0

Solution:
( 4) \ ( 4) 24(4) ( 1)

x= x= x= x=
+ 4 \ 16 + 16 8 4 32 8 442 8 1+ 2 2

24

Then x =

or x =

1 2 2

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Exercise E, Question 7

Question:
Solve the following quadratic equation by using the formula, giving the solution in surd form. Simplify your answer: 7 x2 + 9 x + 1 = 0

Solution:
9 \ 92 4 ( 7 ) ( 1 )

x= x= x=

27 9 \ 81 28 14 9 53 14 9 + 53 14

Then x =

or x =

9 53 14

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Exercise E, Question 8

Question:
Solve the following quadratic equation by using the formula, giving the solution in surd form. Simplify your answer: 5 x2 + 4 x 3 = 0

Solution:
4 \ 42 4 ( 5 ) ( 3 )

x= x= x= x=

25 4 \ 16 + 60 10 4 76 10 4 2 19 10 2 + 19 5

Then x =

or x =

2 19 5

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Exercise E, Question 9

Question:
Solve the following quadratic equation by using the formula, giving the solution in surd form. Simplify your answer: 4 x2 7 x = 2

Solution:
4 x2 7 x 2 = 0
( 7) \ ( 7) 24(4) ( 2)

x= x= x= x=
+ 7 \ 49 + 32 8 7 81 8 79 8

24

Then x = 2 or x =

1 4

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Exercise E, Question 10

Question:
Solve the following quadratic equation by using the formula, giving the solution in surd form. Simplify your answer: 11x2 + 2x 7 = 0

Solution:
2 \ 22 4 ( 11 ) ( 7 )

x= x= x= x= x=

2 11 2 \ 4 + 308 22 2 312 22 2 2 78 22 1 78 11 1 + 78 11

Then x =

or x =

1 78 11

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Exercise F, Question 1

Question:
Sketch the graphs of the following equations: (a) y = x2 + 3x + 2 (b) y = x2 3x + 10 (c) y = x2 + 2x 15 (d) y = 2x2 + 7x + 3 (e) y = 2x2 + x 3 (f) y = 6x2 19x + 10 (g) y = 3x2 2x 5 (h) y = 3x2 13x (i) y = x2 + 6x + 7 (j) y = 4 7x 2x2

Solution:
(a) a > 0 so graph is a shape. b2 = 9, 4ac = 8 b2 > 4ac, so there are two different roots of the equation y = 0. When y = 0, (x+2) (x+1) =0 x = 2 or x = 1 So crossing points are ( 2 , 0 ) and ( 1 , 0 ) . When x = 0, y = 2, so ( 0 , 2 ) is a crossing point.

(b) a > 0 so graph is a shape. b2 = 9, 4ac = 40 b2 < 4ac, so there are no real roots of the equation y = 0. So there are no crossing points at y = 0. When x = 0, y = 10, so crossing point is ( 0 , 10 ) .

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(c) a > 0 so graph is a shape. b2 = 4, 4ac = 60 b2 > 4ac, so two different roots of y = 0. When y = 0, 0= (x+5) (x3) x = 5 or x = 3 So crossing points are ( 5 , 0 ) and ( 3 , 0 ) . When x = 0, y = 15, so crossing point is ( 0 , 15 ) .

(d) a > 0 so graph is a shape. b2 = 49, 4ac = 24 b2 > 4ac, so two different roots of y = 0. When y = 0, 0 = ( 2x + 1 ) ( x + 3 ) x=
1 2

or x = 3

So crossing points are

1 2

,0

and ( 3 , 0 ) .

When x = 0, y = 3, so crossing point is ( 0 , 3 ) .

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(e) a > 0 so graph is a shape. b2 = 1, 4ac = 24 b2 > 4ac, so two different roots of y = 0. When y = 0, 0 = ( 2x + 3 ) ( x 1 ) x=
3 2

or x = 1

So crossing points are

3 2

,0

and ( 1 , 0 ) .

When x = 0, y = 3, so crossing point is ( 0 , 3 ) .

(f) a > 0 so graph is a shape. b2 = 361, 4ac = 240 b2 > 4ac, so two different roots of y = 0. When y = 0, 0 = ( 3x 2 ) ( 2x 5 ) x=
2 3

or x =

5 2

So crossing points are

2 3

,0

and

5 2

,0

When x = 0, y = 10, so crossing point is ( 0 , 10 ) .

(g) a > so graph is a shape. b2 = 4, 4ac = 60 b2 > 4ac, so two different roots of y = 0. When y = 0, 0 = ( 3x 5 ) ( x + 1 ) x=
5 3

or x = 1

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So crossing points are

5 3

,0

and ( 1 , 0 ) .

When x = 0, y = 5, so crossing point is ( 0 , 5 ) .

(h) a > 0 so graph is a shape. b2 = 169, 4ac = 0 b2 > 4ac, so two different roots of y = 0. When y = 0, 0 = x ( 3x 13 ) x = 0 or x =
13 3

So crossing points are ( 0 , 0 ) and

13 3

,0

When x = 0, y = 0, so crossing point is ( 0 , 0 ) .

(i) a < 0 so graph is a shape. b2 = 36, 4ac = 28 b2 > 4ac, so two different roots of y = 0. When y = 0, 0= (7x) (1+x) x = 7 or x = 1 So crossing points are ( 7 , 0 ) and ( 1 , 0 ) . When x = 0, y = 7, so crossing point is ( 0 , 7 ) .

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(j) a < 0 so graph is a shape. b2 = 49, 4ac = 32 b2 > 4ac, so two different roots of y = 0. When y = 0, 0 = ( 1 2x ) ( 4 + x ) x=
1 2

or x = 4

So crossing points are

1 2

,0

and ( 4 , 0 ) .

When x = 0, y = 4, so crossing point is ( 0 , 4 ) .

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Exercise F, Question 2

Question:
Find the values of k for which x2 + kx + 4 = 0 has equal roots.

Solution:
x2 + kx + 4 = 0 has equal roots if b2 = 4ac i.e. k2 = 4 1 4 = 16 k = 4
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Exercise F, Question 3

Question:
Find the values of k for which kx2 + 8x + k = 0 has equal roots.

Solution:
kx2 + 8x + k = 0 has equal roots if b2 = 4ac i.e. 82 = 4 k k = 4k2 So k2 =
64 4

= 16

k= 4

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Exercise G, Question 1

Question:
Draw the graphs with the following equations, choosing appropriate values for x. For each graph write down the equation of the line of symmetry. (a) y = x2 + 6x + 5 (b) y = 2x2 3x 4

Solution:

6 5 4 3 36 25 16 9 4 (a) + 6x 36 30 24 18 +5 +5 +5 +5 +5 + y 5 0 3 4 x2

10 1 2 1 0 1 4 12 6 0 + 6 + 12 5 +5 +5 +5 +5 3 0 5 12 21

x = 3 is line of symmetry.

2 10 1 2 3 2x2 8 2 0 2 8 18 (b) 3x + 6 + 3 0 3 6 9 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 y 10 1 4 5 25

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x=

3 4

is line of symmetry.

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Exercise G, Question 2

Question:
Solve the following equations: (a) y2 + 3y + 2 = 0 (b) 3x2 + 13x 10 = 0 (c) 5x2 10x = 4x + 3 (d) ( 2x 5 )
2

=7

Solution:
(a) ( y + 1 ) ( y + 2 ) = 0 y = 1 or y = 2 (b) ( 3x 2 ) ( x + 5 ) = 0 x=
2 3

or x = 5

(c) 5x2 14x 3 = 0 ( 5x + 1 ) ( x 3 ) = 0 x=

1 5

or x = 3

(d) 2x 5 = 7 2x = 7 + 5 x=
5 7 2

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Exercise G, Question 3

Question:
Solve the following equations by: (i) Completing the square. (ii) Using the formula. (a) x2 + 5x + 2 = 0 (b) x2 4x 3 = 0 (c) 5x2 + 3x 1 = 0 (d) 3x2 5x = 4

Solution:
(a) (i) x2 + 5x = 2

x+ x=

x+

5 2

25 4

= 2

x+
5 2

5 2

17 4

=
2

17 2

5 17

5 \ 52 4 ( 1 ) ( 2 )

(ii) x = x= x=
5 \ 25 8 2 5 17 2

(b)(i) x2 4x = 3 (x2) 24=3 (x2) 2=7 x2= 7 x=2 7 (ii) x = x= x=

( 4 ) \ 16 4 ( 1 ) ( 3 ) 2

+ 4 \ 16 + 12 2 4\47 2

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x=

427 2

x=2 7 (c) (i) 5x2 + 3x = 1 5

x2 +

3 5

x
3

10

=1

x+

x+
3 10

9 100

=1

9 100

1 5

x+
3 10

3 10

29 100

x+ x=

=
10

29 10

3 29

(ii) x = x=

3\94(5) ( 1) 10

3 29 10

(d)(i) 3

x2
5 6

5 3

=4
25 36

x
5 6

=4

25 36

4 3

x
5 6

5 6

73 36

x x=

=
6

73 6

5 73

(ii) x = x= x=

( 5 ) \ 25 4 ( 3 ) ( 4 ) 6

+ 5 \ 25 + 48 6 5 73 6

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Exercise G, Question 4

Question:
Sketch graphs of the following equations: (a) y = x2 + 5x + 4 (b) y = 2x2 + x 3 (c) y = 6 10x 4x2 (d) y = 15x 2x2

Solution:
(a) a > 0 so shape b2 = 25, 4ac = 16 b2 > 4ac, so two different roots of y = 0. y=0 0= (x+1) (x+4) x = 1 or x = 4 So x-axis crossing points are ( 1 , 0 ) and ( 4 , 0 ) . x = 0 y = 4 So y-axis crossing point is ( 0 , 4 ) .

(b) a > 0 So shape b2 = 1, 4ac = 24 b2 > 4ac, so two different roots of y = 0. y = 0 0 = ( 2x + 3 ) ( x 1 ) x=

3 2

or x = 1

So x-axis crossing points are x=0

3 2

,0

and ( 1 , 0 ) .

y = 3 so y-axis crossing point in ( 0 , 3 ) .

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(c) a < 0 So shape b2 = 100, 4ac = 96 b2 > 4ac, so two different roots of y = 0. y = 0 0 = ( 1 2x ) ( 6 + 2x ) x=
1 2

or x = 3

So x-axis crossing points are x=0

1 2

,0

and ( 3 , 0 ) .

y = 6 so y-axis crossing point is ( 0 , 6 ) .

(d) a < 0 so shape b2 = 225, 4ac = 0 b2 > 4ac, so two different roots of y = 0. y = 0 0 = x ( 15 2x ) x = 0 or x = 7
1 2

So x-axis crossing points are ( 0 , 0 ) and x=0

1 2

,0

y = 0 So y-axis crossing point is ( 0 , 0 ) .

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Exercise G, Question 5

Question:
Given that for all values of x : 3x2 + 12x + 5 = p ( x + q )
2

+r

(a) Find the values of p, q and r. (b) Solve the equation 3x2 + 12x + 5 = 0.

Solution:
(a) 3x2 + 12x + 5 = p ( x2 + 2qx + q2 ) + r 3x2 + 12x + 5 = px2 + 2pqx + pq2 + r Comparing x2 : p = 3 Comparing x : 2pq = 12 Comparing constants : pq2 + r = 5 Substitute into : 2 3q = 12 q=2 Substitute p = 3 and q = 2 into 3 22 + r = 5 12 + r = 5 r= 7 So p = 3, q = 2, r = 7 (b) 3x2 + 12x + 5 = 0 3(x+2) 27=0 3(x+2) (x+2)
2 2

=7
7 3 7 3

x+2= \
7 3

So x = 2 \

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Exercise G, Question 6

Question:
Find, as surds, the roots of the equation 2(x+1) (x4) (x2)
2

=0

Solution:
2 ( x2 3x 4 ) ( x2 4x + 4 ) = 0 2x2 6x 8 x2 + 4x 4 = 0 x2 2x 12 = 0 x= x= x= x=
( 2 ) \ 4 4 ( 1 ) ( 12 ) 2 + 2 52 2 2 \ 4 13 2 2 2 13 2

x = 1 13
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Exercise G, Question 7

Question:
Use algebra to solve ( x 1 ) ( x + 2 ) = 18 .

Solution:
x2 + x 2 = 18 x2 + x 20 = 0 (x+5) (x4) =0 x = 5 or x = 4
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