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Assignment 1
Question No 1: Solve the given differential equation by Separation of variables.
e y sin 2 x dx  cos x  e2 y  y  dy  0

cos x  e 2 y  y  dy  e y sin 2 x dx
 e2 y  y  sin 2 x
 y  dy   dx
 e  cos x
e 2y
y 2sin x cos x
 y  y  dy   dx
e e  cos x
(e 2 y  y  ye  y ) dy  2sin x dx
(e y  ye  y ) dy  2sin x dx

 e dy   ye dy  2  sin x dx
y y

  d  
e y   y  e  y dy     e  y dy. ( y )  dy   2cos x  c
  dy  
e y    ye  y   e  y dy   2cos x  c
 
e y  ye  y   e  y dy  2cos x  c
e y  ye  y  (e  y )  2cos x  c
e y  ye  y  e  y  2cos x  c is the required general solution of given D.E.

Question No 2: Solve the following Differential Equations

 x 
ydx   y cos  x  dy  0
 y 

 x 
 y cos  x  dy   y dx
 y 
dy y
      (i )
dx x
y cos  x
y
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y
f ( x, y )  
x
y cos  x
y
ty y
f (tx, ty )   
tx x
ty cos  tx y cos  x
ty y

As f ( x, y)  f (tx, ty) , so the given D.E. is homogeneous

Let

x
u
y
x
y
u
d d
( x).u  x (u )
dy dx dx
  2
dx u
du
ux
dy dx

dx u2

So equation (i) becomes

du x
u-x 
dx  u
2
u x
cos u  x
u
x
 (u 2 )
du u
u-x 
dx x
cos u  x
u
du  xu
u-x 
dx x
cos u  x
u
du  xu
u-x 
dx 1 
x  cos u  1 
u 
du u
u-x 
dx 1
cos u  1
u
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du u
-x  u
dx 1 cos u  1
u
1 
u  u  cos u  1
-x
du
 u 
dx 1
cos u  1
u
du u  cos u  u
-x 
dx 1
cos u  1
u
du  cos u
-x 
dx 1 cos u  1
u
du cos u
x 
dx 1
cos u  1
u
1
cos u  1
u 1
du  dx
cos u x
cos u  u 1
du  dx
u cos u x
 cos u u  1
   du  dx
 u cos u u cos u  x
1  1
  sec u  du  dx
u  x
ln u  ln sec u  tan u  ln x  ln c
u
ln  ln cx
sec u  tan u
u
 cx
sec u  tan u
x
Put u 
y
x
y
 cx is the required solution of given D.E.
x x
sec  tan
y y

Question No 3: Solve the following Differential Equation

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x 2
 y 2  dx  2 xy dy  0

M  x2  y 2 N  2 xy
M N
 2y  2y
y x

M  N
As  , so the given D.E. is exact
y x
f
 x 2  y 2        (i )
x
f
 2 xy          (ii )
x

Integrate equation (i) wrt x

f ( x, y )   ( x 2  y 2 )dx
x3
f ( x, y )   xy 2  h( y )
3

Differentiate above equation wrt y

f
 2 xy  h / ( y )
y

Compare above equation with equation (ii)

2 xy  h / ( y )  2 xy
 h/ ( y)  0
 h( y )  c

So general solution of given D.E. is

x3
y  xy 2  c
3

Question No 4: Solve the initial value problems

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 2 y  x  e3 x  e 2 x  ,
dy
y  0  2
dx

dy
 2 y  x (e 3 x  e 2 x )
dx
 P( x)  2

Q( x)  x(e  e )
3x 2x

I .F .  u ( x )  e 
P ( x ) dx

=e 
2 dx

=e 2 x

y
 u ( x)Q( x)dx  c
u ( x)

 (e
2 x
)( x)(e3 x  e 2 x ) dx  c
y
e 2 x
 ( xe
3x2 x
 xe 2 x  2 x )dx  c
y
e 2 x
 ( xe
3x2 x
 xe 2 x  2 x )dx  c
y
e 2 x
 ( xe  x)dx  c
x

y
e 2 x
 d  x2
x  e x dx     e x dx ( x ) dx   c
y  dx  2
2 x
e
2
x
xe x  e x   c
y 2
e 2 x
xe x ex x2 c
y  2 x  2 x  2 x  2 x
e e 2e e
1
y  xe3 x  e3 x  x 2e 2 x  ce 2 x
2
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y (0)  2
1
 2  (0)e3(0)  e3(0)  (0)2 e2(0)  ce2(0)
2
 2  1  c
c3

So

1
y  xe3 x  e3 x  x 2e2 x  3e2 x
2
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Assignment 2
Q#1:

dy
Solve x.  y  y 2 . ln x
dx

Solution

dy
x.  y  y 2 . ln x
dx
Dividing by x
dy 1 ln x
 .y  y2.
dx x x
It is bernoulli D.E.
divide by y 2 above eq
dy 1 1 ln x
y 2  y 
dx x x
Multiply by (1) above eq.
dy 1 1 ln x
 y 2  y   (1)
dx x x
put y 1  v
diff w.r.t.x
dy dv
 y 2 
dx dx
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dv 1 ln x
 v
dx x x
It is linear in v
1
  dx 1
I .F  e x  e  ln x  e ln x  x 1
1
I .F 
x
Multiply I .F by eq (1)
1 dv 1 1 1 ln x
.  ( v)   ( )
x dx x x x x
1 ln x
d (v. )   ( 2 ) dx
x x
Taking int egrate both sides.
1 ln x
 d (v. x )    ( x 2 ) dx
1 x 1 x 1 1
v.   (ln x.  . )
x 1 1 x
y 1 1 x 1
 .ln x  c
x x 1
1 1 1
 .ln x   c
xy x x
or
1
 ln x  1  xc
y

Q#2:

Find the orthogonal trajectory to the family of curve x  cy 2

Solution:
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x  cy 2  (1)
diff w.r.t.x
dy
1  2cy
dx
1 dx
c put in eq (1)
2 y dy
1 dx 2
x( )y
2 y dy
dy y

dx 2 x
is a differential eq. of eq (1)
So differential equation of family of orthogonal trajectories is \
dy 2x

dx y
It can be separable.
y dy  2 x dx

 y dy    2 x dx
y2
  x2  c/
2
y2   2x2  c , where c  2c /

Q#3:

If the rate of spread of dengue virus is proportional to infected & non infected persons.
Then what will be number of infected persons after 2 weeks provided that a man carrying
this virus, come back to his community of 10000.Further it is provided that after one week,
carriers increase to 98.

Solution:
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 a man carries dengue virus initially enter community

 x(0)  1 {i  e no of carrier at t  0}
Assuming no one leaves from community of 10,000.
So, initial value problem is
 kt 10,000  t  ;
dy
x(0)  1
dt
i  e logistic equation when comparing with
dP
 P(a  bP) such that a  10000k , b  k
dt
It ' s solution is given by
aP0
P(t )  ; Here P0  x(0)  1
bP0   a  bP0  e at
So,
10,000k 10,000
x(t )  10,000 kt
      (1)
k  9999e 1  9999e10,000kt
 it is given that after one week ,

Q a man carries dengue virus initially enter community

\x(0)=1 {i-e no of carrier at t=0}
Assuming no one leaves from community of 10,000.
So,initial value problem is
=kt 10,000-t  ;
dy
x(0)=1
dt
i-e logisticequation when comparing with
dP
=P(a-bP) such that a=10000k, b=k
dt
It's solution is given by
aP0
P(t)= ; Here P0 =x(0)=1
bP0 +  a-bP0  e-at
So,
10,000k 10,000
x(t)= -10,000kt
= -----(1)
k+9999e 1+9999e-10,000kt
Q it is given that after one week,
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Q#4:

Determine whether the functions f1  x   e x , f 2  x   xe x and f3  x   x 2e x are linearly

independent or linearly dependent.

Solution

The functions
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f 1  x   e x , f 2  x   xe x , and f 3  x   x 2 e x

ex xe x x 2e x
W  e x , xe x , x 2e x   e x xe x  e x x 2e x  2 xe x
ex xe x  2e x x 2e x  4 xe x  2e x

 2 e3 x
0

Thus the functions are linearly independent on any interval of the x-axis because for all x  R .
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Assignment 3
Question No 1: Given that y1  x 2 is a solution of x 2 y //  2 xy /  6 y  0

Find general solution of the differential equation on the interval  0,  .

The DE x 2 y //  2 xy /  6 y  0 can be written as

 2x 6 
x 2  y //  2 y /  2 y   0
 x x 
2x 6
 y //  2 y /  2 y  0
x x

2
Here p( x) 
x

e 
 Pdx

y2  y1  dx
( y1 ) 2
2
  dx
x
2 e
 y2  x  2 2 dx
(x )
1
2  xdx
e
 y2  x 2  dx
x4
e 2 ln x
 y2  x  4 dx
2

x
2
eln x
 y2  x  4 dx
2

x
2
x
 y2  x 2  4 dx
x
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 y2  x 2  x 6 dx
 x 6 1 
 y2  x 2  
 6  1 
 x 5 
 y2  x 2  
 5 
1
 y2  
5 x3

General solution is given by formula

y  c1 y1  c2 y2
 1 
y  c1 ( x 2 )  c2   3 
 5x 
c
y  c1 x 2  23
5x

Question No 2: Solve

y //  4 y /  4 y  e2 x

For complementary solution

y //  4 y /  4 y  0

Put y  e mx

 y /  memx
 y //  m2emx

So

m2emx  4memx  4emx  0

 (m2  4m  4)emx  0

As emx  0

So auxiliary equation is
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m 2  4m  4  0
 (m  2) 2  0
 m  2, 2

So yc  c1e 2 x  c2 xe 2 x is our complementary solution

For particular solution

g ( x)  e2 x

So

y p  Ae 2 x
 y p /  2 Ae 2 x
 y p //  4 Ae 2 x

So

y p //  4 y p /  4 y p  e 2 x
 4 Ae2 x  4(2 Ae2 x )  4( Ae2 x )  e2 x
 4 Ae2 x  8 Ae2 x  4 Ae2 x  e 2 x
 0  e2 x

So our assumption is wrong, we remove duplication now, as Ae2x is present in yc

Now we find particular solution of form y p  Axe2x

 y p /  Ae 2 x  2 Axe 2 x
 y p //  4 Ae 2 x  4 Axe 2 x

Substituting in given DE y p //  4 y p /  4 y p  e2 x , we get

4 Ae 2 x  4 Axe 2 x  4  Ae 2 x  2 Axe 2 x   4  Axe 2 x   e 2 x

4 Ae 2 x  4 Axe 2 x  4 Ae 2 x  8 Axe 2 x  4 Axe 2 x  e 2 x
0  e2 x

This has again resulted in duplication

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Therefore, now we find the particular solution of the form y p  Ax2e2x

y p /  2 Axe 2 x  2 Ax 2e 2 x
y p //  2 Ae 2 x  8 Axe 2 x  4 Ax 2e 2 x

Substituting in given DE y p //  4 y p /  4 y p  e2 x , we get

2 Ae 2 x  8 Axe 2 x  4 Ax 2e 2 x  4  2 Axe 2 x  2 Ax 2e 2 x   4  Ax 2e 2 x   e 2 x
2 Ae 2 x  8 Axe 2 x  4 Ax 2e 2 x  8 Axe 2 x  8 Ax 2e 2 x  4 Ax 2e 2 x  e 2 x
2 Ae 2 x  e 2 x
 2A  1
1
 A
2

1 2 2x
Therefore our particular solution is y p  xe
2

y  yc  y p

1 2 2x
y  c1e2 x  c2 xe2 x  x e is the required general solution of given DE
2

Question No 3: Solve  D3  D  y  3  4e x , y(0)  4 , y / (0)  5 , y // (0)  1 by undermined

coefficients using annihilator operator approach.

For complementary solution

Auxiliary equation is

m3  m  0
 m( m 2  1)  0
 m  0, i, i

Therefore

yc  c1e(0)( x )  c2e(0)( x ) cos x  c3e(0)( x ) sin x

yc  c1  c2 cos x  c3 sin x is our complementary solution

For particular solution

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Now we find the annihilator operator for function g ( x)  3  4e x

D (3) = 0

And annihilator operator for 4e x

Here   1 and n  1

Therefore annihilator operator for 4e x will be  D    , which will be equal to  D  1  D  1

n 1

Therefore D( D  1) is the annihilator operator for function g ( x)  3  4e x

Now we apply D( D  1) to both sides of given DE

D( D  1)( D3  D) y  D( D  1)(3  4e x )
 D( D  1)( D3  D) y  0

Auxiliary equation is

m(m  1)(m3  m)  0
 m(m  1)(m 2  1)m  0
 m  0,0,1, i, i

 y  c1e(0)( x )  c2 xe(0)( x )  c3e x  c4 cos x  c5 sin x

 y  c1  c2 x  c3e x  c4 cos x  c5 sin x

The terms c1  c4 cos x  c5 sin x are present in yc

Therefore remaining terms are c2 x  c3e x

So y p  Ax  B  Cex

y p /  A  Ce x
y p //  Ce x
y p ///  Ce x

Putting it in DE y p ///  y p /  3  4ex

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 Ce x  A  Ce x  3  4e x
 A  2Ce x  3  4e x

Comparing coefficients, we get

A3

2C  4
C 2

Therefore, our particular solution conforms to y p  3x  2e x

y  yc  y p
y  c1  c2 cos x  c3 sin x  3x  2e x

y(0)  4

 4  c1  c2 cos 0  c3 sin 0  3(0)  2e(0)

 4  c1  c2  2
 c1  c2  2        (i )

y /  c2 sin x  c3 cos x  3  2e x

y / (0)  5

 5  c2 sin 0  c3 cos 0  3  2e(0)

 5  c3  3  2
 c3  0

y //  c2 cos x  c3 sin x  2e x

y // (0)  1

1  c2 cos 0  c3 sin 0  2e(0)

 1  c2  2
 c2  1

Put c2  1 in equation (i) to get the value of c1

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c1  c2  2
 c1  1  2
 c1  1

Therefore our solution is

y  1  cos x  3x  2e x

Question No 4: Solve the DE y ///  y /  tan x by using variation of parameters

Given information:

u1/  tan x , u2/   sin x , u3  sin x  ln sec x  tan x

For complementary solution

y ///  y /  0

Put y  e mx

 y /  me mx
 y //  m 2e mx
 y ///  m3e mx

Therefore

m3emx  memx  0
emx (m3  m)  0

As emx  0 , therefore auxiliary equation is

( m 3  m)  0
 m( m 2  1)  0
 m  0, i, i

So

yc  c1e(0)( x )  c2 cos x  c3 sin x

yc  c1  c2 cos x  c3 sin x
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Particular Solution

From complementary solution, we see that y1  1 , y2  cos , y3  sin x

u1/  tan x
 u1   tan xdx
 u1   ln cos x

u2 /   sin x
 u2    sin xdx
 u2  cos x

u3  sin x  ln sec x  tan x

y p  u1 y1  u2 y2  u3 y3
y p   ln cos x (1)  cos x(cos x)   sin x  ln sec x  tan x  sin x
y p   ln cos x  cos 2 x  sin 2 x  sin x ln sec x  tan x

As cos2 x  sin 2 x  1

Therefore

y p   ln cos x  1  sin x ln sec x  tan x

y  yc  y p

y  c1  c2 cos x  c3 sin x  ln cos x  1  sin x ln sec x  tan x

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Assignment 4
Question No 1: Solve the initial value problem; also find amplitude and period of oscillation?

d 2x
 16 x  0
dt 2
x(0)  10 , x / (0)  0

Put x  emt

dx
 me mt
dt

d 2x
2
 m 2e mt
dt

So the equation becomes

m2emt  16emt  0
 emt  m2  16   0
As emt  0
So, the auxiliary equation becomes
m2  16  0
 m  4i

 x(t )  c1 cos 4t  c2 sin 4t

x(0)  10

 10  c1 cos  4  0   c2 sin  4  0 
 c1  10

x / (t )  4c1 sin 4t  4c2 cos 4t

x / (0)  0
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 0  4c1 sin  4  0   4c2 cos  4  0 

 c2  0

Therefore x(t )  10cos 4t

Amplitude A  c12  c2 2
 (10) 2  (0) 2
 10

2
Period of oscillation 

Here   4
Therefore
2
Period of oscillation 
4


2

Question No 2: Find the charge q(t) on the capacitor in an LRC series circuit when L=1/4 Henry,
R=10 Ohms, C=0.001 farad , E(t)=0 volts , q(0)=q0 coulombs & I(0)=0 amperes. Also, check
that it is a transient or steady state solution.

d 2q dq q
L 2 R   E (t )
dt dt c

Putting values, we get

1 d 2q dq q
2
 10  0
4 dt dt 0.001
1  d 2q dq 
  2  40  4000q   0
4  dt dt 
d 2q dq
 2  40  4000q  0
dt dt

Put q  emt , q /  memt , q //  m 2e mt

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 m 2e mt  40me mt  4000e mt  0
 e mt  m 2  40m  4000   0

As emt  0 , Therefore auxiliary equation is m2  40m  4000  0

Here a=1 , b = 40 , c = 4000

40  (40) 2  4(1)(4000)

m
2(1)
40  120i
m
2(1)
m  20  60i

 q(t )  c1e20t cos60t  c2e20t sin 60t

q(0)  q0

 q0  c1e200 cos  60  0   c2e200 sin  60  0 

 c1  q0

 q / (t )  20c1e20t cos60t  60c1e20t sin 60t  20c2e20t sin 60t  60c2e20t cos60t
q / (0)  0

 0  20c1e 200 cos  60  0   60c1e 200 sin  60  0   20c2e 200 sin  60  0   60c2e 200 cos  60  0 
 0  20c1  60c2
Put c1 =q 0
 0  20q0  60c2
 60c2  20q0
q0
 c2 
3

Therefore

q0 20t
 q(t )  q0e 20t cos 60t  e sin 60t
3
 1 
 q(t )  q0e 20t  cos 60t  sin 60t 
 3 
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Amplitude A  c12  c2 2 q0 1 sin 

sin   q0 tan  
2
A cos   3 cos 
q  q0 A
 ( q0 )   0 
2
= 3
 3 10 1
q0 3
q0  10
2
q0 3 = 1
 q0 2  10
9 3 q0 10
= 3
10 2 10 3
 q0 1
9 =    tan -1 (3)
10
10    1.249 radians
 q0
3

Therefore

10
q(t )  q0e 20t  sin 60t  1.249 
3

Two conditions should be fulfilled for transient solution.

1. R  0

2. lim x(t )  0
t 

Here R is 10, so first condition is true, and as there is no steady term in the solution, so
lim x(t )  0
t 

Therefore, this is a transient solution

d 4y d 3y
Q#3: Solve x  6 0
dx 4 dx 3

Sol:
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d4y d3y 4
4 d y
3
3 d y
x  6  0  x  6 x 0
dx 4 dx3 dx 4 dx 3
Put x  et  t  ln x
Its auxiliary equation becomes
(  1)(  2)(  3)  6(   1)(   2)  0
  0,1, 2, 3
so we get
y  c1  c2 et  c3e 2t  c4e 3t but t  ln x
so y  c1  c2 x  c3 x 2  c2c3 x 3


( x  1) n
Q#4: Find the radius and the interval of convergence of the given power series 
n 0 n 2n

Sol:


( x  1) n

n 0 n 2n
( x  1) n ( x  1) n 1
Here an   an 1 
n 2n (n  1)2n 1

an 1 ( x  1) n 1 n 2n x 1 x 1
R  lim  lim 
 lim 
n  a n  ( n  1)2 n 1
( x  1) n n  1 2
n (1  )2
n
The above power series converges for x  1  2
i.e.  2  x  1  2  3  x  1 or x  (3,1)
It is the required int erval of convergence.
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Assignment 5
Q#1: Solve the differential equation 2 y  y  0 by using the power series
// /


solution y   cn x
n

n 0

Solution:

Given 2 y //  y  0

Let y   cn x n Then
n 0
 

 2n(n  1)c x
n2
n
n2
  cn x n  0
n 0

put n  2  k we get
 

 2(k  2)(k  1)c

k 0
k  2 x   ck x  0
k

k 0
k

ck
ck  2  ; k  0,1, 2,3,...
2(k  2)(k  1)
c c
k  0; c2   0 k  1; c3   1
2  2! 2  3!
c2 c c3 c
k  2; c4    0 k  3; c5    1
2  4  3 2  4! 2  4  5 2  4!
y ( x)  c0  c1 x  c2 x  c3 x  c4 x  ...
2 3 4

c0 2 c c c
y ( x)  c0  c1 x  x  1 x 3  0 x 4  1 x 5  ...
2  2! 2  3! 2  4! 2  4!
2 4 3
x x x x5
y ( x)  c0 [1    ...]  c1[ x    ...]
2  2! 2  4! 2  3! 2  4!

Q#2: Solve the Bessel function in terms of sin x and cos x of the J 7 ( x )
2
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Solution:

C onsi der t hat

2v
J v 1  x   J v 1  x   Jv  x 
x
As f or
5
t a ki n g v 
2

J 5 1  x   J 5 1  x  
 2 J
2 5
 x
5
2 2 x 2
5
J3  x   J7  x   J5  x 
2 2 x 2
5
J 7  x   J 5  x   J 3  x     (1)
2 x 2 2
w e know
3 si n x 2 2 2
J5  x  ( .  cos x)  si n x
2 x x x x x
si n x 2 2
J 3 / 2 ( x)  .  cos x
x x x
T hen equat i on (1) becomes

5 2  3  2 3 2  si n x 
J7  x  [  2  1  si n x  .( cos x)]    cos x 
2 x x  x  x x x  x 

Q#3: Check that the Legendre polynomials Pn ( x )  x 2  3 x  3 and

Pm ( x)  2 x 3  x 2  5 x  5 are orthogonal on [0, 2].

Solution:
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2
2
0
Pn ( x).Pm ( x)dx   ( x 2  3x  3)(2 x 3  x 2  5 x  5)dx
0
2
2
0
Pn ( x).Pm ( x)dx   (15  30 x  17 x 2  8x 3  5 x 4  2 x 5 )dx
0

2 17 x3 x6
0
Pn ( x).Pm ( x)dx  15 x  15 x 2 
3
 2 x 4  x5 
3
2
0
Pn ( x).Pm ( x)dx  6  0  6  0

Hence these functions are not orthogonal.

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Assignment 6
Q#1:

Find out all the complementary solution (not particular) from the system of differential
dx dy dx dy
2  5x   et ; x  5et
dt dt dt dt
equation

Solution:

(2 D  5) x  Dy  et ; ( D  1) x  Dy  et
We can write them in the form of

And determinants are

2D  5 D
 D2  4D
D 1 D
2D  5 D et D 2D  5 D 2D  5 et
x & y
D 1 D 5et D D 1 D D 1 5et
we get ( D 2  4 D) x  4et ...(1) & ( D 2  4 D) y  15et ...(2)
Now we find the complementary function for the two equations
m 2  4m  0  m  0, 4  xc  c1  c2 e 4t & yc  c3  c4e 4t

Q#2:

Find the Eigen values and Eigen vector of the given matirx
30 | P a g e

 5 1 0
 
A  0 5 9
 5 1 0 


Solution:

5   -1 0
| A   I | 0 -5- 9  0
5 -1 -
16   3  0
 (16   2 )  0
  0, 4, 4

Here eigen values are 0,4,-4.

For

 =0, we have

5 -1 0   x 
0 -5 9   y   0
  
5 -1 0   z 
5x  y  0
5 y  9 z  0
Let y=k
Then x=k/5 and z=5k/9
So vector becomes
x  k / 5  1/ 5  9 
 y   k   k 1   k  45
       
 z  5k / 9  5 / 9   25
So eigen vector is
{9,45,25}
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And eigenvectors for

 =4,-4 are

{1,9,1} , {1,1,1}.

Q#3:

dx dy
 2y ,  8x
dt dt
Find the general solution of the given system

Solution:

dx dy
 2y ,  8x
dt dt
 dx 
 dt  0 2  x  0 2 x
     where A    &X  
 dy  8 0   y 8 0   y
 dt 
 2
Then det( A   I )  0   0    4, 4
8 
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for   4 , ( A   I ) X  0  4 x1  2 x2  0 &8 x1  4 x2  0
x2 k
we get x1   let x2  k x1  
2 2
 k  1
  2  & eigen vector is K    2 
  1
 
 k   1 
for   4 , ( A   I ) X  0   4 x1  2 x2  0 &8 x1  4 x2  0
x2 k
we get x1  let x2  k x1 
2 2
 1
eigen vector is K 2   2 
 
 2

 1  1

ThereforeX1  2 e4t , X2  2 e4t
   
1   2
 1 4t   1 4t   ce 4t
c2e4t 
 e e   1

Hencegeneralsolutionof thesystemisthe followingX c1X1 c2X2 c1  2 c  2
 4t  2    4t 2 4t 
2e4t  2c2e 
 e     ce
1 
4t
ce c2e4t 4t
So x(t)  1
& y(t)  ce
1 2c2e4t
2