Role of Hydro Power Balancing System Stability

Franz Bauer VGB PowerTech

CONTENT Characteristics Demand Structure Grid Control Balancing Requirements Supply System - Generation Transmission Role of Hydro Power

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

Electricity Supply System

is like a

MOBILE sensible for unbalanced changes

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Characteristics Demand Structure Grid Control Balancing Requirements Supply System - Generation Transmission Role of Hydro Power

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

Generation and Grid Interaction

Examples for different intermitting Generation Input to the System for different wind conditions
overall RES Contribution is ~ 15 % including Biomass & Hydro

Impact of RES Frequency Distribution of Load Changes leading to ~ 2000h/a at an average ramp 35 GW

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Source: Fraunhofer IWES

Generation and Grid Interaction

Horizon 2030 with corresp. Supply Structure

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Power Demand & Generation In monthly resolution TWh

Source: Fraunhofer IWES

Characteristics Demand Structure Grid Control Balancing Requirements Supply System - Generation Transmission Role of Hydro Power

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

Vision of Electricity Highway combined with Storage Facilities a Pre-Requisite for i-RES

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Grid Constraints Tighten the Need for Flexibility

Increasingneedfornew investmentinthe transmissionnetworkis recognizedby theGermangovernment. Butextensionofelectricity transmissionnetworkisnot progressingasplanneddue to Timeconsuming approvalprocedures Increasingpublic resistance Legalconstraints (e.g.underground cables)
Regional supply-demand balance 2008
Offshore wind Conventional new-builds

Regional supply-demand balance 2030

! ! !

Nuclear decommissioning

-1,000

3,000

6,000

9,000

-1,000

5,000

10,000

15,000

Capacity (MW)

Capacity (MW)

Grid bottlenecks

Example: Germany
Source: RWE internal estimates

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Total electrical network: Power Balance

Universitt Rostock
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Stability of primary control effect of reduced inertia

The stability of the grid is defined by the balance between demand and supply

Acceleration Power and Primary Control: Sum of produced power = consumed power

and the inertia of the system provided by the rotating machines = turbine/generators

time

Recuction of Inertia not stable

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Characteristics Demand Structure Grid Control Balancing Requirements Supply System - Generation Transmission Role of Hydro Power

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

Options to manage the Volatility

Storage is mitigating the Load Gradient within Grid Management long-term Storage in Germany not possible!
20.000 Wind Power Firmness equiv. dispatchable I. very large Fluctuation Range, in 18.000 the future partly Excess of Electricty ranges between 7- to 10 % max
Gesamte installierte Wind Leistung: 24.817 MW (01.12.2009)

16.000 14.000

24.000

Wind Power [MW]

12.000 10.000

Wind Power [MW]

II. extremly huge Load Gradient

20.000

16.000

12.000

8.000

4.000

8.000 6.000

0 Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez

2008 2008

III. enduring Flauten to be bridged

4.000 2.000 0 02.02.

03.02.

04.02.

05.02.

06.02.

07.02.

Data Source: ISET

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today available Pump Storage Capability in Germnay ~ 6,2 GWel

2009

NeedforBackupPowerandFlexibleTools
25000 Wind power production in MW 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 Time in h

Installed capacity > 25 GW Actual power production between 0 and 85 % of the installed capacity during all seasons Non-demand-driven intermittent energy source

Source: Data from June 2009 to May 2010 from Amprion, EnBW Transportnetze, transpower and 50 Hertz Transmission
6000 Difference between predicted and actual wind power generation in MW

Accuracy of prediction improved, but absolute value of mismatch will increase if wind power capacity is doubled Last year, difference of 800 MW in average between predicted and actual wind power generation, peaks up to 5 GW
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4000 2000 0 0 -2000 -4000 -6000 Time in h 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000

Renewable Power Generation

How can Energy Storage help to balance Supply and Demand?

160
GW

Renewables Demand 1. HV Grid extension 2. Generation Curtailment 3. Power to Gas 1. Flexible Demand 2. Backup Generation Capacity

120 80 40 0 0

40 GW Storage Technologies - Hour-to-Day - Day-to-Week Hours

3000

6000

9000
VGB-Kongress 2011 / Dr. Kruhl, Dr. Doll / B4 Speicherung 16

Exemplaric GER Scenario 80 % Renewables. Import/export and grid congestions VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro NOT taken into account.

Requirements for Storage Capacities as a function of the Variation of Wind Power

120 Assumed variation 2050 [Wind: 25%] 80 present Capacity In WEU [ 33 GW] 2015 [Wind: 18%]
probable

Storage capacity [GW]

40

2010 [Wind: 10%] 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Volatility = Variation of wind power [%]

IEA Study
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Characteristics Demand Structure Grid Control Balancing Requirements Supply System - Generation Transmission Role of Hydro Power

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

Energy System Evolving in all Areas

Generation Transport Consumption

Off-shore

BHKW

HV

MV

LV

Increasing share of renewable and small scale generation requires action across the whole value chain
VGB-Kongress 2011 / Dr. Kruhl, Dr. Doll / B4 Speicherung 19

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Challenge: Exceeding Renewable Energy Production!

Generation Transport Consumption

Off-shore

BHKW

KWK

HV

MV

LV

Grid Extension (HV) Connector Capacity Reinforcements (HV/LV)

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Grid Extension (LV)

VGB-Kongress 2011 / Dr. Kruhl, Dr. Doll / B4 Speicherung 20

Challenge: Lack of Renewable Energy Production!

Generation Transport Consumption

BHKW

CSP HV MV LV

KWK BHKW

Low CAPEX Backup Capacity

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Smart Grid

flexible Demand
VGB-Kongress 2011 / Dr. Kruhl, Dr. Doll / B4 Speicherung 21

Demand for Control Requirements

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Characteristics Demand Structure Grid Control Balancing Requirements Supply System - Generation Transmission Role of Hydro Power

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

Different Requierements for Storage

need different Solutions (Power Capacity and Duration)
Duration
year long term Year

Avoid gridextensions
month

Lack of wind production Exceeding of wind production

week

Day

Dailyexceeding
short term hour

min

Balancingpower Power
small scale large scale
VGB-Kongress 2011 / Dr. Kruhl, Dr. Doll / B4 Speicherung 24

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

Different Requierements for Storage

need different Solutions (Power Capacity and Duration)
Duration
year long term Year

month

Lack to of wind Power Gas production Avoid grid extensions - gas grid injection - gas to electricity Exceeding of wind production

week

short term

hour

Battery - Li-Ion - Redox Flow

- Pumped Hydro - Compressed Air Dailyexceeding - Battery Fleets

Day

min

Balancing Power Power

small scale large scale
VGB-Kongress 2011 / Dr. Kruhl, Dr. Doll / B4 Speicherung 25

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Existing storage and potential demand for new build and potential additions
Technically feasible additions (GW) Existing and demand of storage (GW)
80
EU-27 + CH + NO
1.000 P2G, Battery

60 40 20

+23

demand new storage

PHS projects existing PHS 2020 2035

260 CAES Demand Add. Storage 29 44 40 PHS 70 E-Mob

0 2010

Sufficient technical potential for new PHS and new storage!

Demand Potential + existing additions

VGB-Kongress 2011 / Dr. Kruhl, Dr. Doll / B4 Speicherung 26

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Generation and Grid Interaction

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Role of Hydro Power

RES Characteristics Variability & limits in Predictability Balancing Requirements Grid Control = primary/secondary Coping with Ramps occurring with high frequency System Stability determined by Ratio RES - Conventional Need for Storage Capacities Hydro Power most feasible Tool to balance mismatch Demand and Supply Variability of RES

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

many thanks

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro