ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM SEQUENCE OF OPERATION

PART 1 OPERATION System will consist of two generator control boards working in a MASTER/SLAVE operating mode each generator control board (A & B) will have 5 Generator sections and 1 Master Section As well, the system will include two Generator paralleling switchgear (GCB-1A & GCB-1B). Generators can be selected automatically to parallel with generator switchgear GCB-1A or GCB-1B through selector switches in GDP panels. Manual selection shall be available as well. If on-line generators are not connected to the preferred bus (GCB-1A by default) they will swing over to alternate bus GCB-1B when their selector switches (in GDP panels) are in AUTO mode. Master control panels will be working independent. They are equipped with one master and (5) generator control sections. Both Generator control panels are connected via Ethernet to the common PLC Inputs and outputs modules.

OPERATING MODE (S) A. Emergency Mode Whenever the individual engine generator control switches are placed in their automatic position, the engine generator system is on standby in readiness for automatic starting and synchronization in the event of a power failure signal.

In the event of a power failure, All low priority feeder breakers located in GPS-A, GPS-B and remaining ATS shall be opened, all generator(s) automatically start and come up to rated speed. The first generator set to achieve 90% of nominal voltage and frequency shall be connected to the bus. Electronic interlocks permit the connection of only one engine generator to the dead generator bus in the event of simultaneous generator relay operation . The synchronizer will automatically adjust the frequency of the on-coming generator to synchronize with the bus. When synchronism is achieved, the on-coming generator is paralleled to the bus. The same is implemented for the remaining of the five generators. Upon sensing that normal utility power has been restored to acceptable limits, a sequence shall begin to transfer the load back to the utility source. The re-transfer shall be initiated after

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM SEQUENCE OF OPERATION

the retransfer to utility time delay has expired (adjustable at each ATS from 0 minute to 30 minutes) allowing an open transition transfer return to utility. After all the transfer switches have re-transferred their loads to the normal source, the generator circuit breakers are simultaneously opened and the engine generators run for an adjustable no-load cool-down period of zero to thirty minutes; factory set at 5-minutes. The controls are released and the generators placed in readiness for the next power failure. B. Block Load Control Each load has an adjustable priority setting, estimated KW value and step time delay associated with it. As each block of load is allowed to transfer to emergency power, the individual loads will begin their step time delay. As the time delay for each load completes, the load will receive a permissive signal to transfer to emergency power. If no delay is desired, the individual step times can be set to zero seconds, and the loads will transfer immediately when the load block is permitted to transfer to emergency. If a generator fails while operating in the automatic mode, it is disconnected from the bus and shutdown. Audible and visual alarms will be activated to indicate the condition. System loads will not shed unless a bus overload or a bus under frequency occurs. This feature is referred to as Load-Latch. Override of the load-shed circuits is allowed for supervised. Loads that have been block shed can be manually re-added. If the operator inadvertently bypasses the load shed and

overloads the Generator(s) resulting in a bus under-frequency, all manually bypassed loads will be automatically shed along with blocks of load such that the remaining load blocks shall be one less than the number of generators remaining on the bus. The Bus under Frequency annunciator light will indicate this condition. If the online load exceeds 105% of rated generator capacity, unsupported will be step shed in reverse priority at one second intervals. The Bus Overload light will light to indicate that the bus is overloaded automatically reset as the overload is corrected. W hen the online load no longer exceeds 105% of the generator capacity, step shedding will cease, and the system will continue to power the loads that are left online. Indicating lights will annunciate the status of each Priority load block, indicating if any loads in that block are shed or if the load block is manually bypassed. If the operator bypasses the load shed to bring those shed loads back online, and the online load exceeds 105% of capacity again, the system will again step shed loads in reverse priority until the load no longer exceeds 105% of capacity. This is done in an attempt to prevent an under frequency situation, thereby preventing the entire load block from being shed.

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM SEQUENCE OF OPERATION

C.Load Bus Optimization Each load should be programmed with a load priority value. Load Bus Optimization is provided to re-add shed loads one at a time based on predetermined kW loading values up 100% adjustable via OIT) of the capacity of the on-line power. This percentage value is referred to as the Bus Optimization KW de-rating value. With the Bus Optimization switch in the "on" position during emergency mode and with loads shed (loads requiring power but are not connected to the emergency bus), after a stabilization time delay (Bus Opt stable delay) the optimization feature is activated and a Bus Optimize Active light illuminates. The Bus Optimize Active light flashes through the duration of the

stabilization time delay (default 30 seconds, adjustable via OIT). At this time, the Bus Optimization loading control will determine if there is enough room to add the next load by checking the pre-set Load Value (field adjustable, accessible via the OIT) assigned to next priority block that is shed and compare it to the excess generator bus capacity (also known as Headroom). If it is determined that the load can be added without exceeding the Bus Optimization KW derating value, the load is signaled to add. The real time kW output of the generator bus is constantly measured and the next sub-priority load is evaluated. Loads are evaluated at a preset time interval defined via the OIT (Bus Opt Step Time). When the bus has been loaded to a level such that the next load would exceed the de-rating value, the Next Load Exceeds Headroom light will activate and load adding will pause. The system will continuously monitor the generator load and evaluate if the next load step can fit on the bus. If building load

decreases and the next load can fit (for the duration of the step time delay), the system will add it and continue the evaluation process until as many loads as possible are added to the bus If the load has already been added, there is no reason to compare it to see if it will fit, the program will skip to the next available load If the load is not calling for an engine start (load still fed from normal power), it will be skipped If at any time, the online load exceeds 105% of available rated capacity, the system will remove the last load that was added. If the online load does not decrease to less than 105% of rated capacity, loads will be shed one at a time, every second in reverse order until the overload is corrected. Load blocks with associated generators online will not be shed. The Bus Overload light will light to indicate that the bus is overloaded automatically reset as the

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM SEQUENCE OF OPERATION

overload is corrected. In this event, the system will begin a 30 second overload stabilization delay time (fixed) before evaluating additional load to be added to the bus. If a generator fails, it will be removed from the bus. If the remaining loads online exceed 105% of the remaining online generator capacity, the loads will step shed as described in the previous paragraph. If the load does not exceed the online capacity, no loads will shed. The Bus Overload light will light to indicate that the bus is overloaded automatically reset as the overload is corrected In the event of a bus Under-frequency, all optimized loads will be shed as well as any additional unsupported blocks of load. Load blocks will be shed such that the remaining load blocks shall be one less than the number of generators remaining on the bus. The Bus Under Frequency annunciator light will indicate this condition No loads can be manually added while a bus under frequency alarm indication is active. The operator must acknowledge the alarm by pressing the Alarm Reset pushbutton (provided bus under frequency is still not active). After the operator acknowledges the alarm, the system will again be block loaded. Each priority block for which there is a generator online will be added to the system. While the load block is adding to the bus, if bus optimization is enabled, the bus optimization will start adding loads after a bus optimization start time delay and in the same manner as described previously for bus optimization in the preceding paragraphs. Once all loads in a priority load block have been added to the bus, the LOAD SHED light for the associated priority will turn off D. Generator Load Demand Control The Load Demand logic controls the number of generating sets to remove excess generator capacity and add additional capacity when needed, thus keeping the optimum number of generators online at all times. Generator load demand saves fuel and wear by running less generators at a more efficient load level.

Entering Load Demand Mode After all generators sets have been paralleled to the bus and all loads connected that require power, a stabilization time delay (0-300 seconds) factory sets at 30 seconds will be initiated while a Load Demand Mode light flashes. At the expiration of the time delay period, the system will operate in load demand mode at which time the mode light remains illuminated.

Removal of Generator Sets from the Bus The number of generators a system requires at any time is defined as N. Load demand seeks to remove the lowest priority generators (priority ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM SEQUENCE OF OPERATION 4

value set at OIT) that are in excess of N. When the system is operating with more generators online than the system needs and the system load falls below the drop out load value (default setting of 80% KW rating of N generators) a 20 second time delay (field adjustable from 0 300 seconds) is initiated and a Gen Stop TD Active light start flashing. If the load stays below the dropout value for the duration of the time delay, the generator(s) with the lowest priority that are excess capacity will be taken offline. The engine(s) will run for their cool down period, then shutdown If while operating in the load demand mode, an engine-generator set malfunction occurs and the generator goes offline, Load Demand mode will momentarily reset and all remaining generators will be brought online.

If the online load exceeds 105%, load demand will be canceled and all generators will be started, loads will be step shed based on priority, one every second, until the system load falls to not more than 105%.

Addition of Generator Sets from the Bus If the bus KW (system load), is equal to or greater than the generator load demand pickup value for the duration of the load demand start td (default 5 seconds), the controls will initiate the starting and paralleling of the next set in sequence. If, during the time delay period, the online load exceeds 105% of the online generator capacity (signifying bus overload), the time delay will be bypassed and all generators will be immediately started and paralleled (load demand canceled). E.UPS in Bypass Inhibit 1. When system is operating on generator (normal, portable or redundant) the automatic transfer back to utility shall be prohibited if any UPS system is in bypass. 2. 3. 4. Provide LED light(s) indicating auto transfer to utility prohibited because UPS is in bypass. Provide ability to force transfer manually. The transfer from generator to utility will be allowed only when the following is true: a. b. c. The main CB in the output switchgear UDP is closed. The static switch bypass CB is open. The maintenance bypass CB in output switchgear UDP is open.

F.UPS output panel transfer to maintenance bypass

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM SEQUENCE OF OPERATION

1.

When system is operating on UPS (normal condition) the transfer of the UPS output panel to maintenance bypass shall be prohibited if any UPS system is not in bypass mode.

2.

Provide LED light(s) indicating auto transfer to maintenance bypass prohibited because UPS is not in bypass.

3.

The transfer of the UPS output panel to maintenance bypass shall be conducted as follows: a. b. Place the UPS in bypass mode. Upon receipt of the proper signal, SKRU shall allow the maintenance bypass breaker to be closed. c. d. g. Close maintenance bypass breaker. Open UPS output breaker. Reset the SKRU internal contacts to the original position.

4.

Reverse sequence to restore equipment to original condition.

PART 2 - TESTING

A.ATS Load Test Testing the system under load is recommended. Such testing not only qualifies the functional operation of the system, but also provides a true test of the engine generators and their controls. To provide for load test, each automatic transfer switch is furnished with a test switch that simulates a normal source outage. This switch will initiate an automatic system operation similar as a normal source outage would. The test will last for the duration of the retransfer time delay. If the generators should fail and the ATS be shed from the emergency source, it will transfer back to the good utility immediately. B. Generator No Load Test A system test switch is mounted inside the master control cubicle to limit access to authorized persons only. Operation of this switch will start and parallel all generators. However, unless a normal source outage occurs during this mode of operation, the transfer switches will not transfer its load to the emergency bus. To terminate this test, the system test switch is reset to initiate a normal system shutdown sequence. C. Single Generator Test Each engine can be started for test purposes by placing its generator control switch to the offline position. In this mode, the generator circuit breaker will remain open. Should a normal ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM SEQUENCE OF OPERATION 6

source outage occur during this mode of operation, the breaker will closed and the remaining engine/gen sets will start as in emergency mode, Upon restoration of normal power, the

system will revert to single engine test mode until the switch is returned to the AUTOMATIC position. For on-line test, placing of the generator control switch to the on-line position will present a similar operation except that the generator breaker will close when the generator achieves nominal voltage and frequency. D. Generator Load Bank Test Testing the generator with load is recommended. Such testing not only provides a true test of the generator but it also prevents accumulation of fuel sludge building up on the engine exhaust system due to wet stacking of the engine (frequently running the engine without enough load). To test the generator using the load bank, turn on the system test switch located in the master section or start the engine-generator manually using test online at the generator control cubicle. The load bank breaker must be manually closed by an operator after generator power is available on the bus. The operator will also have to operate their load bank controller to add load steps manually. A form C contact is provided in the master section that needs to interface to the load bank controller which will automatically shed the load bank in the event of a power outage.

END OF SECTION

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM SEQUENCE OF OPERATION