Cement: Physical Testing

1 Specific gravity of cement BS EN 196-6:1992, ASTM C188,

BS EN 196-3, BS 4027:1996
ASTM C 150: 2007
2 Soundness of cement BS EN 196-3
3 Fineness of cement (Blain’s method) BS EN 196-6
4 Compressive Strength of cement BS EN 196-1

Concrete
a) Strength:
1 Compressive strength of concrete cubes (testing, BS: 1881-10, BS EN 12390-3
reporting)
2 Compressive strength of concrete (collection,
BS: 1881-10, BS EN 12390-3
testing, reporting)
3 Compressive strength of cylinders AASHTO: T- 022
4 Compressive Strength of cement BS 1881-120 BS EN 12504-1
5 Compressive strength of cores BS 1881-118 BS EN 12990-5
6 Flexural Strength of concrete terms BS 1881-121
7 Static product of elasticity in compression BS 1881-209
8 Dynamic modulus
b) Durability Tests
1 Water absorption of concrete BS: 1881-122
2 Initial surface absorption of concrete BS: 1881-208
3 Water Permeability of concrete DIN: 1048
4 Rapid Chloride Permeability of Concrete AASHTO: T-277
5 Rapid Identification of Alkali-Silica reaction products
AASHTO: T-299
in concrete
c) Other Tests:
1 Slump test BS:1881-102, BS EN 12350-2
2 Compaction factor test BS: 1881-102, BS EN 12350-4
3 Flow test BS: 1881-105, BS EN 12350-5
4 Air contents of concrete Air contents of concrete
5 Accelerated curing of concrete BS: 1881-112
d) Partially destructive tests:
1 Pull-off strength of coatings ASTM: D 4541
2 Pull-out test (force) - BS: 1881-207, BS EN 12504-3
concrete strength by near to surface, test. ASTM: C 900
3 Pull-off test on plaster/screeding ASTM C4541/ACI: 503-30
BS: 1881-207, DIN 1048- Part.2
4 Windsor probe tests ASTM: C 670, BS: 1881-207
ASTM: C 803

e) Non destructive tests :

1 Rebound Hammer test BS: 1881- 208, BS EN 12504-2
2 Ultrasonic Testing BS: 1881- 203
3 Half-cell potential measurement
ASTM: C 876
using resistivity meter
4 Test for carbonation of concrete EN: 14630:2006 (E)
5 Test for chloride contents AASHTO: T 260
( in concrete and raw materials)
involving dust drilling in 3 increments
to 100 mm by rotary percussion to
establish how far chlorides have
ingressed into the concrete
6 Cover-meter survey using Profometer : BS: 1881-204
location and conformance- diameter of
reinforcement bars and concrete cover.
7
Non-destructive testing of steel bridges using
i) Liquid Penetrant inspection
ii) Magnetic particle inspection
iii) Eddy current testing
iv) Radiography testing
v) Ultra-sonic Testing

Aggregate testing
a) Fine Aggregates
1 Sieve analysis/Gradation/Grain size analysis AASHTO: T 27
BS: 812- 103
2 Sieve analysis/Gradation/Grain size analysis AASHTO: T 11
3 Organic Impurities in FA’s for Concrete AASHTO: T 21
4 Specific Gravity/Absorption of FA’s AASHTO: T 84
ASTM : C 128
5 Surface moisture in FA’s AASHTO : T 142
BS 812- 109
6 Total moisture content of aggregates (by drying) AASHTO : T 255
7 Soundness (using Na2SO4/MgSO4) ASTM : C 88
8 Deleterious materials AASHTO : T 11,112
9 Sand Equivalent value of FA’s ASTM : D 2419
b) Coarse Aggregates
1 Sieve Analysis/Gradation/Grain size analysis ASTM : C 136
2 Specific gravity/Absorption of CA’s AASHTO : T 85
3 Flakiness Index (FI) and
BS: 812 -105.1
Average least dimension (ALD)
4 Elongation Index (EI) BS: 812 : 105.2
5 Aggregation Crushing Value (ACV) BS: 812 : 110
6 Ten percent Fines Value (TFV) BS: 812 : 111
7 Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) BS: 812 : 112
8 Los Angeles Abrasion Value (LAA ) ASTM : C 131
9 Soundness (using Na2SO4/MgSO4) AASHTO : T 104

Soils
1 Particle size analysis of Soil – Dry Sieving BS: 1377 : 2: 1990
2 Determining of Atterberg Limits of Soil BS: 1377 : 2: 1990
a) Liquid limit
b) Plastic limit
c) Plasticity index
3 Shrinkage factor of Soil AASHTO : T 92
4 Free Swell Index (FSI) of Soil
5 Specific Gravity/Particle density of Soil BS: 1377 : 2: 1990
6 Particle size analysis of Soil - Wet Sieving BS: 1377 : 2: 1990
(Grading modules/Grading Coefficient)
7 Particle size analysis of Soil - BS: 1377 : 2: 1990
(Hydrometer analysis)
8 Compaction Test (BS Light and BS Heavy) BS: 1377: Part 4:1990
9 CBR Test -1 Point method BS: 1377: Part 4:1990
10 CBR Test -3 Point method BS: 1377: Part 4:1990
11 Moisture Content of Soil BS: 1377: Part 2:1990
12 Triaxial Test BS: 1377: Part 7: 1990
Determination of the undrained
Shear Strength (Cu)
Cohesion (C)
Angle of internal friction (¢) of Cohesive soil
13 Shear box Text: Drained shear strength of Soil BS: 1377: Part 7:1990
14 Permeability in a triaxial cell BS: 1377: Part 6:1990
15 Organic Content in Soil
BS: 1377: Part 3:1990
(Loss on Ignition method)
16 Sand Equivalent Value of Soil ASTM: D 2419-02
17 Carbonate content of Soil BS: 1377 Part 3.Cl.6: 1990
18 PH Value of Ground Water BS: 1377 Part 3.Cl.9:1990
19 Organic matter in Soil BS: 1377 Part 3.Cl.3.4.7: 1990
20 (UCS) Unconfined Compressive strength BS: 1377 Part 7:1990
21 DCPT) Dynamic Cone Penetration test ASTM: D 6951-2003
ASTM: D 7380-2008
22 Sulphate Content tests:
a) Total sulphate in soil (acid Soluble) BS: 1377 Part. 3 Cl. 9, 10: 1990
b) Water soluble sulphate in soil BS: 812: Part.117-1988
c) Sulphate in ground water
23 Chloride Content tests:
BS: 1377 Part.3 Cl.9, 10: 1990
a) Acid Soluble
BS: 812: Part.117-1988
b) Water Soluble
24 Unixial Compression test ASTM: D: 2166
25 . Triaxial permeability BS: 1377: Part 6: 1990
26 Consolidation test BS: 1377: Part 5: 1990
27 SPT
28 Plate Load test BS: 1377: Part 9, ASTM: D1194:1994
29 Carbonate content in soil BS: 1377: Part 3 Cl.6. 1990
30. PH of Soil BS: 1377: Part 3 Cl.9. 1990
31 Organic matter content in soil BS: 1377: Part 3 Cl. 3.4.7. 1990
32 In-situ density-sand replacement
BS: 1377: Part 9. 1990
method

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Rocks
a. Strength Tests
1 Point Load Index ASTM: D: 5731: 1995
2 Uniaxial Compression
ASTM: D: 2938: 1995
test
3 Splitting tensile (Brazilian test)
ASTM: D: 4543: 1995
(Indirect tensile shear of intact rock core)
4 Direct Shear Strength of Rock (Shear Strength along
ASTM: D: 3967
a plane of weakness)

b. Durability Tests
1 Durability of Shale/weak-soft rocks
ASTM: D: 4644: 1995

2 Soundness of Rock (Rip-

ASTM: D: 5240
rap)
c. Ultrasonic Testing ASTM: D: 2845
d. Armour Rock Grading Analysis CIRIA SP 83, CUR 154:1991
e. Rock Grading of Quarried Stone CIRIA SP 83, CUR 154:1991
f. Shape Index of Quarried stone
CIRIA SP 83, CUR 154:1991
(length to thickness ratio)
g. Drop Test Breakage Index CIRIA SP 83, CUR 154:1991
h. Water absorption at Atmospheric Pressure CIRIA SP 83, CUR 154:1991
i. Soundness BS: 812 Part 121
j. Fully Crushed
DM 300: 1989
Faces
k. Partially Crushed Faces DM 301: 1989
 Steel
1 Tensile Strength Test
BS: 4449:1997 Cl: E.1.4
BS: 4449 :2005, BS EN: 10002:1990

2 Steel : Bend test BS: 4449 : 1988 Cl: 1.6.1

3 Steel : Rebend test
BS: 4449 : 2005

4 Determination: Coating thickness ASTM A:775M:1997

5 Determination: Coating flexibility
ASTM A:775M:1997

6 Determination: Coating continuity BS: 3900: 1997

7 Galvanising coating thickness on Steel
BS EN: ISO 1461: 1999
Articles
8 Tensile test on Couplers BS EN: 10002 : 2001
9 Tensile test on Tie Rods BS EN: 10002 : 2001
10 Tensile test on Tie Rods BS EN: 10002 : 2001
11 Tensile test on Anchor Bolts BS: 4360 : 1990
12 Tensile test on Welded Steel Mesh BS: 4483 : 2005
13 Tensile test on Welded Steel Bar BS EN: 10002 : 2001
14 Tensile test on Steel Pipe ASTM: A 370: 1997