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Waste Water Management I

Waste water treatment plants use physical, biological, and chemical processes to clean wastewater. Physical processes include screening to remove solids and grit chambers to remove heavier particles. Primary treatment settles out solids using rectangular or circular clarifiers. Secondary biological treatment uses microbes to break down organic matter. Tertiary treatment may further remove nutrients or disinfect the water before discharge or reuse.

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Stephany Alonso
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50 views55 pages

Waste Water Management I

Waste water treatment plants use physical, biological, and chemical processes to clean wastewater. Physical processes include screening to remove solids and grit chambers to remove heavier particles. Primary treatment settles out solids using rectangular or circular clarifiers. Secondary biological treatment uses microbes to break down organic matter. Tertiary treatment may further remove nutrients or disinfect the water before discharge or reuse.

Uploaded by

Stephany Alonso
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Waste Water Management I.

Waste Water Treatment Plant

Waste Water Treatment Plant

Water
Water is essential for life and plays a vital role in the proper functioning of the Earth's ecosystems. Water pollution has a serious impact on all living creatures, and can negatively affect the use of water for drinking, household needs, recreation,

fishing, transportation and commerce.

Water resources:
Watershed (or drainage basin ): an area of land where surface water of rain, melting snow and ice converge to a single point, usually the exit of the basin, such as river, lake, reservoir, sea or ocean. Surface water Groundwater

Wastewater
Wastewater is any water that has been affected in quality by anthropogenic influence

Sources of wastewater:
Municipal/communal wastewater contains everywhere nearly the same contaminants Storm water Industrial wastewater: contaminations are much different, are function of production. Industrial wastewater must be cleaned mostly on the site.

Collection of Waste Water


Combined system of sewers: both storm water runoff and sewage in the same pipe Separate system of sewers: transports sewage alone and storm water runoff alone (or directly to surface water)

Sewage system
waste water can be conveyed by gravity can be pumped conveyed by vacuum

Contamination in waste water


From physical point of view: Solids: solid of high density (e.g. stones) swimming solid (e.g. wood) suspended particle (grit, sand, small organic particles, drops of oil etc.) Soluble materials Emulsions Gases

Contamination in waste water


From chemical point of view: Organic
Inorganic

Organic
BOD = Biochemical Oxygen Demand The BOD is a measure of the rate at which microorganisms use dissolved oxygen in the bacterial breakdown of organic matter (food) under aerobic conditions. The BOD5 test indicates the organic strength of a waste water and is determined by measuring the dissolved oxygen concentration before and after the incubation of a sample at 20C for five days in the dark.

Organic
COD = Chemical Oxygen Demand COD is a measure of the amount of oxygen consumed from a chemical oxidising agent under controlled conditions. The COD is generally greater than the BOD as the chemical oxidising agent will often oxidise more compounds than is possible under biological conditions.

Water

BOD5 [mgO2/l]
1-3

COD [mgO2/l]

Clear river

Contaminated river 30 Municipal waste water Industrial waste water 200-350 600
n*1000

Inorganic contaminants
Nitrogen Phosphorus Toxic metals Cyanide etc.

Concentration

Typical composition of untreated domestic wastewater

Contaminants Solids, total (TS) Dissolved, total (TDS) Fixed Volatile Suspended solids (SS) Fixed Volatile Settleable solids BOD5 at 20 C Total organic carbon (TOC) Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Nitrogen (total as N) Organic Free ammonia Nitrites Nitrates Phosphorus (total as P) Organic Inorganic Chlorides Sulfate Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Grease

Unit mg L
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1

Weak 350 250 145 105 100 20 80 5 110 80 250 20 8 12 0 0 4 1 3 30 20 50 50 106-107 <100

Medium 720 500 300 200 220 55 165 10 220 160 500 40 15 25 0 0 8 3 5 50 30 100 100 107-108 100-400

Strong 1200 850 525 325 350 75 275 20 400 290 1000 85 35 50 0 0 15 5 10 100 50 200 150 108-109 >400

mg L

mg L

mg L

mg L

mg L-1 mg L-1 mg L-1 mg L-1 mg L-1 mg L


-1 -1 -1

mg L

mg L

mg L-1 mg L-1 mg L-1 mg L-1 mg L-1 mg L-1 mg L-1 mg L-1 mg L-1 mg L-1 CFU 100 mL-1 mg L-1

Metcalf and Eddy (1991) Wastewater Engineering. Treatment Disposal Reuse

Total coliform Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

Waste water treatment can involve Physical Biological Chemical


processes or combinations of these processes depending on the required outflow standards.

Main parts of a waste water treatment plant

Physical (primary) treatment

Screening
Coarse screening, for spacing of over 40 mm Medium screening, for spacing of 10 to 40 mm Fine screening, for spacing under 10 mm

Screen surface types

Bar screen

Inclined bar screen

Inclined bar screen

Inclined bar screen

Inclined bar screen

Self Cleaning Step Screen

Self Cleaning Step Screen

Self Cleaning Step Screen

Self Cleaning Step Screen

Radial Bar Screen

Radial Bar Screen

Radial Bar Screen

Radial Bar Screen

Screenings dewatering

Screw press for dewatering

Dewatering of screenings by screw press

Longitudinal Grit Trap

Grit Trap

Grit Chamber 10.0 x 0.5m

RECTANGULAR HORIZONTAL FLOW SETTLEMENT TANK (CLARIFIER)

RECTANGULAR HORIZONTAL FLOW SETTLEMENT TANK

RECTANGULAR HORIZONTAL FLOW SETTLEMENT TANK

RECTANGULAR HORIZONTAL FLOW SETTLEMENT TANK

RECTANGULAR HORIZONTAL FLOW SETTLEMENT TANK

Outflow weir

Clarified water at outflow weir

CIRCULAR RADIAL FLOW SETTLEMENT TANK

CIRCULAR RADIAL FLOW SETTLEMENT TANK

CIRCULAR RADIAL FLOW SETTLEMENT TANK

CIRCULAR RADIAL FLOW SETTLEMENT TANK

Mechanically cleaned waste water

Screw-conveyor: scum remover

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