********************************************************

Express Yourself
IN
English
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BY
Mubarak Abdessalami
http://abdessalami.bravehost.com
1
CONTENTS
Functions
Pages
Gap fillers -------------------------------------------------------------5
Opinion---------------------------------------------------------------- 5
Advice----------------------------------------------------------------- 6
Suggesting-------------------------------------------------------------7
Offers------------------------------------------------------------------ 7
Invitation-------------------------------------------------------------- 8
o!plaint------------------------------------------------------------- 8
Apolog"--------------------------------------------------------------- #
$ro%i&ition------------------------------------------------------------ #
ertaint"---------------------------------------------------------------1'
$ro&a&ilit"------------------------------------------------------------ 1'
I!pro&a&ilit"--------------------------------------------------------- 1'
$ossi&ilit"-------------------------------------------------------------1'
I!possi&ilit"--------------------------------------------------------- 11
(i)es * disli)es------------------------------------------------------11
$reference-------------------------------------------------------------11
+ecessit"------------------------------------------------------------- 1,
$er!ission------------------------------------------------------------1,
-e.uest--------------------------------------------------------------- 1/
ause * 0ffect-------------------------------------------------------1/
01plaining * 2ustif"ing-------------------------------------------- 13
4ear--------------------------------------------------------------------13
S"!pat%"-------------------------------------------------------------13
5"pot%esis------------------------------------------------------------15
-egret -----------------------------------------------------------------15
Indifference ----------------------------------------------------------15
6issatisfaction -------------------------------------------------------15
larification --------------------------------------------------------- 16
,
Introduction
7%e 0nglis% language learners are not .uite !otivated to discuss an issue 8it% t%e
ot%ers in t%e target language freel" and 8it%out restrains &ecause t%e" lac) t%e ver" tools t%at
%elp t%e! ac%ieve t%e great part of t%e elocution9 nota&l" %o8 to start: And %o8 !an" people
is !" audience;: 7%e &est 8a" to encourage t%e! is t8ofold9
- 4irst to arrange a tal) session a!ong t%e learners in s!all groups<
- Second to provide t%e! 8it% t%e necessar" assisting e1pressions necessar" to
=launc%> t%e conversation 8it%out a co!ple1 of inferiorit"<
Once t%ese t8o ele!ents are provided t%e train of e1c%anging ideas started and t%e
discussion goes into e1panded group level until t%e" reac% t%e level of 8%ole class de&ate<
7%ese level transitions are not rando!? t%e" are e1cellent e!otional filters t%at lo8er if not
c%ase a8a" an1iet"9 &as%fulness9 %esitation and an" ot%er e!otional o&structions< @%en t%e
students are ar!ed and e.uipped 8it% t%e necessar" tools to do t%e Ao& correctl"9 t%e" do it
ent%usiasticall"< +ever e1pect fro! t%e students 8%o %avenBt got voca&ular"9 idio!s9
e1pressions and diction enoug% to e1press t%e!selves clearl" to Au!p into a c%at precariousl"
and !a)e a Aer) of t%e!selves<
7%is 8orr" %o8ever 8ill graduall" vanis% t%e !ore t%e learner regains confidence
t%roug% t%e t8o !ain funda!ental rudi!ents9 nota&l" to )no8 %o8 to sa" 8%at one %as to sa"
in t%e appropriate !anner t%roug% !astering t%e suita&le functions< 7%e s!all group settings9
in 8%ic% t%e students operate and use t%ose tools 8it%out !uc% an1iet"9 are significantl" of
great utilit" for t%e" provide t%e s%" students 8it% t%e opportunit" and t%e c%ance to spea) out
t%eir !inds< 7%an)s to t%ese ele!ents9 no !atter %o8 futile t%e" !a" see!9 all t%e
opportunities to learn are eventuall" presented<
Can" teac%ers are a8are t%at t%e a&sence of t%ese t8o factors participates in t%e
deterioration of t%e learnerBs !otivation and ent%usias! to learn t%e target language< 7eac%ers
tr" to set up an at!osp%ere of trust and friends%ip t%roug% ensuring t%e! t%at rela1ation is
guaranteed< 7%e s!all group setting is an effective prove t%at rela1ation in t%e learning
process is reall" ta)ing place if acco!panied of course &" t%e e1pressions t%at !a)e t%e
interaction 8it% t%e ot%er !e!&ers of t%e group effortless and s!oot%< Still 8%at e1pressions
are needed;
6uring a nor!al natural conversation !an" different e1pressions are needed to s%o8 t%e
spea)ers level of intellectualit"9 politeness and co%erence< 7%ese e1pressions var" fro! as)ing
for or giving opinion9 inviting9 apologiDing9 co!plaining9 suggesting9 advising9 as)ing or
giving per!ission to using gap-fillers 8%ile tal)ing< 7%ese tools %elp t%e students overco!e
t%eir reluctance and dive into discussions a!ong t%eir groups using t%e &asics at %and and
graduall" ac.uiring ne8 ones as 8ell as t%e tones9 intonations and pitc%es necessar" to !a)e
t%e! convincing until a strong language repertoire is &uilt< 7%is tec%ni.ue later results not
onl" in participating in a discussion %eld in a ,' student-classroo! during an 0nglis% lesson9
&ut to t%e e1tent of negotiating or even giving a persuasive speec% in front of a large
audience<
7o put it s%ort9 IBd li)e to introduce "ou directl" to t%is %u!&le 8or) t%at ai!s at %elping t%e
students to regain so!e confidence &" providing t%e! 8it% t%e necessar" ele!ents needed to
carr" on a conversation 8it%out !uc% !isunderstanding or confusion< Once t%e students
!o!entaril" adopt and practice t%e! regularl" in virtual or true to life conversations9 t%e"Bll
surel" get ac.uainted 8it% e1pressing t%e!selves in 0nglis%< 7%ere are e1pressions t%at are
/
li)e t%e ones 8e use in our native language &ut 8it% a &ig difference in st"les< If 8e donBt get
t%e e1pression correctl" in t%e target (anguage9 fro! t%e ver" &eginning9 8eBll surel" tr" to
!anage so!e sort of translation 8%ic% 8ill result in a Aer) or clu!siness< 7%us9 it is prefera&le
to get t%ose e1pressions in t%eir originalit" as t%e native spea)ers use t%e! in t%eir da" to da"
life t%en train on t%e! in real conversation conte1ts< @%ile doing t%is t%e students %ave to
)eep in !ind t%atE
1< =+ot%ing is eas">
,< =0ver" &eginning is toug%>
/< =$ractice !a)es perfect>

For Students:
7%ese e1pressions in t%eir variet" are !eant to %elp "ou enric% "our spo)en and
8ritten repertoire< It is not reall" a %andicap to learn so!e of t%e! &" %eart on condition t%at
"ou fre.uentl" use t%e! 8%ile tal)ing to "our class!ates or friends or even so!e 0nglis%-
spea)ing people< Graduall" t%ose e1pressions &eco!e "ours and "ou 8ill use t%e! nor!all"
and naturall"< 7%e !ore "ou practice t%e!9 t%e &etter "ou !aster t%e!< 7a)e it for granted t%at
t%e language is first and fore!ost a !eans of co!!unication< 7%e !ore "ou practise it t%e
!ore "ou &eco!e perfect< 4inall"9 re!e!&er t%at t%e 8orld 8ould understand and appreciate
8%at "ou sa" if "ou said it in t%e rig%t 8a"<
Mubarak Abdessalami
3
G A P F I L L E R S
For oral use only :
- I !ean<<<<
- You see<<<<
- @ell9 let !e see<<<
- (oo):
- (isten:
- If "ou see 8%at I !ean:
- 6o "ou see 8%at I !ean;
- (etBs get t%is into perspective<
- @atc% it:
- $icture t%is<
- (oo) %ere:
- All rig%t:
- Is t%at clear enoug%;
O P I N I O N
Asking for Opinion
I 8as 8ondering 8%ere "ou stood on t%e .uestion of i!!igration;
@%atFs "our position on glo&al 8ar!ing;
@%atFs "our opinion of t%e proAect;
@%at do "ou t%in) of love;
5o8 do "ou feel a&out &uilding a space prison for dangerous cri!inals;
Giving Opinion
In !" opinion t%e conse.uences of glo&al 8ar!ing 8ill &e fatal<
As far as IF! concerned love is t%e no&lest feeling<
4ro! !" point of vie89 povert" could &e foug%t 8it% solidarit"<
As I see it9 our planet is d"ing<
I t%in) G rec)on G presu!e G gat%er it 8ill get 8orse 8it% ti!e<
In !" vie8 i!!igration is caused &" une!plo"!ent<
It 8ould see! to !e t%at tec%nologies 8ill control us sooner or later<
It see!s to !e t%at de!ocrac" is t%e solution for developing countries<
I feel t%e 8orld is getting 8ilder t%an ever &efore<
I &elieve politics s%ould &e !ore %u!an<<<
I figure t%at 8e are doo!ed to protect our planet &efore it is too late<
7o !" !ind cloning s%ould &e restricted<
According to !e 0ut%anasia s%ould &e &anned<
@%at I t%in) G !ean G &elieve is t%at developed countries are selfis%<
I !ean t%at t%e" donFt tr" to %elp poor countries<
I !a" venture t%at t%e" are e1tre!el" sadist<
As for !e t%e" li)e to &e at top of t%e 8orld<
5
4or !" part people in ric% countries are nicer t%an t%eir leaders<
IFd sa" t%at !an)ind is in great danger &ecause of politicians<
Agreeing with an opinion
C" vie8 a&out t%is is positive<
I agree 8it% t%is idea<
I agree co!pletel" 8it% t%is idea<
I canFt agree !ore<
I agree<
7%is idea is a&solutel" rig%t<
I couldnFt agree !ore on t%is<
I t%in) t%is idea is perfect<
Partial agreement or polite disagreement
I agree partiall" 8it% t%is idea<
7%is idea is partiall" rig%t<
I see 8%at "ou !ean9 &ut so!e developed countries are %elpful<
7%atFs one 8a" of loo)ing at it9 &ut 8e s%ould avoid over generalisation<
I see "our point9 &ut tec%nolog" is not autono!ous<
I agree 8it% "ou9 &ut developing countries s%ould stop 8ars<
I t%in) t%is idea is possi&le9 &ut ric% countries &ear so!e responsi&ilit" in t%ose 8ars<
IF! not sure "ouFre rig%t t%ere<
IF! not sure t%at I agree 8it% t%is idea<
7%e proAect is feasi&le9 &ut it needs so!e !ore efforts<
Disagreeing with an opinion
I t%in) it is a &ad idea<
IF! afraid I canFt agree 8it% t%is idea<
IF! afraid I entirel" disagree 8it% "ou<
I t%in) t%is idea is i!possi&le<
I guess t%is idea is i!practical<
I see t%at t%is idea is &ad<
I t%in) it is a &ad idea<
I donFt agree 8it% t%is idea<
I suppose t%is idea cannot &e i!ple!ented<
A D I ! E

andom !"amples
If I 8ere "ou9 I 8ouldnBt &u" t%is old co!puter<
@%" donFt "ou sta" at %o!e and 8atc% 7H;
YouFd &etter go to &ed earl"<
You oug%t to revise "our lessons regularl"<
If "ou ta)e !" advice9 "ouFll tell "our parents t%e trut%<
You s%ould drive slo8l" in to8n<
It !ig%t &e a good idea to put on "our coat< ItFs cold outside<
You s%ould consider ta)ing t%e )e"s &efore "ou leave<
6
I advise "ou to do t%e .uiD again and again<
Declining to give advice
I donFt )no8 8%at to advise9 IF! afraid<
I 8is% I could suggest so!et%ing9 &ut I canFt<
I 8is% I could %elp<
IF! afraid I canFt reall" %elp "ou< I %ave t%e sa!e pro&le! !"self<
S " G G E S # I N G
#aking suggestions
(etBs revise our lessons<
@%at a&out going to t%e cine!a tonig%t;
5o8 a&out pla"ing cards;
@%" donFt 8e do our %o!e8or);
ouldnFt 8e invite "our grand!ot%er to our part";
S%all 8e %ave a 8al) along t%e river;
@%at 8ould "ou sa" to a cup of coffee;
6onFt "ou t%in) it is a good idea to 8atc% 7H;
6oes it !atter if 8e use "our car;
Accepting
O)< Yes9 letFs<
Yes9 IFd li)e to
Yes9 IFd love to<
@%at a good idea:
@%" not;
Yes9 8it% pleasure<
Yes9 I feel li)e ta)ing a 8al)<
Disagreeing
+o9 letFs not<
+o9 IFd rat%er not<
I donFt feel li)e it<
I disli)e doing %o!e8or)<
@%at an a8ful idea:
O F F E R S
#aking Offers:
an I %elp "ou;
@%at s%all I do for "ou;
@ould "ou li)e !e to c%ec) t%is co!puter for errors;
S%all I &ring "ou a glass of 8ater;
IFll &u" "ou a co)e< S%all I;
@%atG @%ereG @%ic% <<< 8ould "ou li)e !e to<<<;
6o "ou 8ant !e to post t%at letter for "ou;
IBll &e glad to %elp;
7
Accepting an offer:
5o8 )ind of "ou: 7%an) "ou ver" !uc%<
7%atBs ver" good of "ou:
7%atBs terri&l" )ind9< 7%an) "ou ver" !uc%<
Yes9 please do<
@%at a good idea:
Yes9 please<
7%an)s< 7%at 8ould &e e1cellent<
Yes<
efusing or re$ecting an offer:
ItBs all rig%t t%an)s< I can !anage t%at alone:
+o9 t%an) "ou< But I a! ver" grateful
7%atBs a8full" )ind9 &ut t%ereBs no need<
+o9 please donFt &ot%er<
+o9 t%an) "ou<
I N I # A # I O N
Inviting
I 8as 8ondering 8%et%er "ou 8ould sta" for dinner<
IF! going to !" uncleFs 8edding part" ne1t Sunda"< @ould "ou li)e to co!e9 too;
o!e along:
@%" donFt "ou co!e;
@ill "ou co!e9 too;
You !ust co!e over;
You !ust pa" us a visit<
You !ust co!e &ac) so!e ti!e<
@e !ust get in touc%<<<
IFll give "ou a call and fi1 so!et%ing<
(oo) !e up ne1t ti!e "ou are around I%ereJ<
Accepting the invitation
O)< IFd li)e to:
@ell9 IF! free t%en< 7%an) "ou< IFd li)e to co!e<
@ell9 IF! not doing an"t%ing t%en< IFll co!e< 7%an)s<
I a! not doing an"t%ing special t%en< 7%an) "ou< IFd li)e to co!e<
O):
efusing the invitation
IF! afraid I canFt< IF! &us" t%en<
IF! sorr" &ut I canFt< IF! going so!e8%ere t%at da"<
! O $ P L A I N I N G
8
%omplaint
I %ave a co!plaint to !a)e< <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
IF! sorr" to sa" t%is &ut<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
I 8ant to co!plain a&out<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
IF! afraid IFve got a co!plaint a&out<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
IF! angr" a&out<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
esponding to a complaint
IF! so sorr"9 &ut t%is 8ill never occur again<
IF! sorr"9 I pro!ise never to<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
IF! reall" sorr"? IFll do !" ut!ostG&est not to<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
A P O L O G %
Apologi&ing
I do apologiDe for KKKing<<<<<<<<<<
I !ust apologiDe for KKKing<<<<<<<<<
I a! so sorr" for KKKing<<<<<<<<<
I s%ouldnFt %ave<<<<<<<<<<<
ItFs all !" fault<
IF! as%a!ed of KKKing<<<<<<<<<
$lease9 forgive !e for KKKing<<<<<<<
IF! terri&l" sorr" for KKKing<<<<<<<<<<
$ardon !e for t%is<<<<<<<<<<<<
$lease9 forgive !e for !"<<<<<<<<
$lease9 accept !" apologies for KKKKing<<<<<<<<<
Accepting t%e apolog"
7%atFs all rig%t<
+ever !ind
6onFt apologiDe<
It doesnFt !atter<
6onFt 8orr" a&out it<
6onFt !ention it<
7%atFs OL<
I .uite understand<
You couldnFt %elp it<
4orget a&out it<
6onFt 8orr" a&out it<
+o %ar! done<
P R O & I ' I # I O N
!"pressing Prohi'ition
You arenBt allo8ed to<<<<<<<<<
You !ustnBt<<<<<<<<<
ItBs for&idden<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
#
You arenBt per!itted to<<<<<<<<<<<
You arenBt to<<<<<<<<<<<<
EXAMPLES
1< You arenBt allo8ed to s!o)e in pu&lic places<
,< ItBs for&idden to 8al) on t%e grass in pu&lic gardens<
/< You arenBt to 8ear indecent clot%es in t%e street<
3< You !ustnBt drive fast<
5< You arenBt per!itted to par) "our car %ere<
! E R # A I N # %
!"pressing %ertainty
Yes9 IF! certain<
Of course<
IF! positive !" grand!ot%er repairs t%e car<
S%e !ust &e e1cellent at !ec%anics<
IF! a&solutel" sure<
ItFs certain t%at s%e is a good !ec%anic<
P R O ' A ' I L I # %
!"pressing Pro'a'ility
It is pro&a&le t%at !" grandfat%er repairs t%e car<
I guess %e is fit for t%e Ao&<
I &et !" grand!ot%er is &etter t%an %e is<
I e1pect G suppose t%e" are good !ec%anics<
I dare sa" G s%ould sa" G presu!e t%e" )no8 8%at t%e" s%ould do<
S%e !a" %ave repaired t%e car 8%ile "ou 8ere out<
Ali !a" co!e an" !inute<
Ca"&e G per%aps t%e pro&le! 8onBt &e serious<
It 8ill pro&a&l" rain t%is evening<
IB! li)el" to do t%e 8or) !"self<
I $ P R O ' A ' I L I # %
!"pressing Impro'a'ility
+o9 pro&a&l" not<
I donFt suppose !" grandfat%er repairs t%e car<
I dou&t !" grand!ot%er does9 eit%er<
SG%e is unli)el" to repair t%e car<
I donFt t%in) t%e" can repair t%at car<
IFd &e surprised if sG%e repaired t%e car<
1'
ItFs unli)el" sG%e 8ill repair t%e car soon<
P O S S I ' I L I # %
!"pressing Possi'ility
C" grand!ot%er !a" repair t%e car<
Ca"&e s%e 8ill repair it<
$er%aps s%e 8ill repair it<
$ossi&l"9 s%e 8ill repair it<
ItFs possi&le s%e 8ill repair it alone<
S%e !ig%t repair it<
I suppose s%e !ig%t repair it<
7%ereFs a c%ance s%eFll repair it &efore sunset<
I $ P O S S I ' I L I # %
!"pressing Impossi'ility
+o9 itFs i!possi&le to repair t%at old %evrolet<
S%e canFt possi&l" repair it<
IF! sure s%e doesnFt repair it<
S%e definitel" doesnFt repair it<
S%e certainl" doesnFt repair it<
7%ereFs no 8a" s%e repairs it<
L I ( E S ) D I S L I ( E S
!"pressing (ikes:
I li)e ouscous<
I li)e eating couscous 8it% !" &are %and<
I enAo" eating couscous<
I love couscous<
I adore eating couscous<
IF! fond of couscous<
!"pressing Dislikes:
I %ate piDDa<
I donFt li)e piDDa<
I canFt &ear piDDa<
I canFt stand piDDa<
I disli)e piDDa<
I detest piDDa<
P R E F E R E N ! E
Asking a'out preference
11
6o "ou prefer tea or coffee;
@ould "ou prefer tea or coffee;
@ould "ou rat%er !il) or Orange 2uice;
@%ic% 8ould "ou prefer; 6oing %o!e8or) or 8atc%ing 7H;
@%ic% 8ould "ou rat%er9 t%is &i)e or t%at one;
@ould "ou prefer to sta" %ere;
@ould "ou rat%er %ave a drin);

!"pressing Preference
I prefer tea Ito coffeeJ<
IFd prefer to %ave coffee<
IFd rat%er %ave tea<
EXAMPLES
1< I prefer doing !" %o!e8or) to 8atc%ing television<
,< IFd prefer to go out t%an to sta" 8it% "ou<
/< IFd rat%er go to &ed t%an see t%at &oring fil!<
3< IFd prefer to sleep<
5< IFd rat%er sleep<
N E ! E S S I # %
In the p resent
I %ave to &u" so!e !ore eggs for !" fa!ous ca)e<
I %ave got to repair t%at old car of !ine< Iinfor!alJ
I !ust see t%e doctor soon &ecause I donFt feel 8ell<
It is necessar" t%at I ta)e a ta1i< IF! late<
In the past
I %ad to 8or) e1tra %ours to pa" !" &ills<

In the future
IFll %ave to &orro8 !one"<
* (ac) of necessit" *
In the present
I donFt %ave to drive fast<
I donFt need to 8rite t%e report !"self< C" secretar" can do t%at for !e<
I neednFt &u" all t%ese t%ings<
In the past
I didnFt %ave to tell %i! a&out !" proAect<

In the future
I 8onFt %ave to revise !" lessons< I learn t%e! &" %eart<
P E R $ I S S I O N
1,
Asking for Permission
an I go out9 please;
Ca" I Open t%e 8indo89 please;
$lease9 can I %ave a loo) at "our p%oto al&u!;
$lease9 !a" I taste t%at %ot spic" couscous dis%;
!"pressing Permission
*<* It is allo8ed *<*
Present ) Future
You !ig%t vote if "ou are 18<
You !a" spea) to t%e !anager<
You could see !e t%is afternoon< IF! free t%en<
You can put on !" Aac)et<
*<* It is not necessar" *<*
In the present
You donFt %ave to ta)e "our !edicine if "ou feel &etter<
In the future
You 8onFt %ave to co!e earl" to!orro8< 7%ere 8onFt &e !uc% to do<
*<* It is not co!pulsor" *<*
Present ) Future
You neednFt ans8er all t%e .uestions< 7%ree are enoug%<
You donFt need to %ave a visa to go fro! a 0uropean countr" to anot%er<
R E * " E S #
!"pressing e*uest
an "ou close t%at door9 please;
@ill "ou turn do8n t%at radio9 please;
ould "ou possi&l" give !e t%at red pen over t%ere;
@ould "ou &ring !e a glass of 8ater please;
@ould "ou li)e to put t%at case on t%e reception des)9 please;:
@ould "ou !ind sending t%ese letters for !e9 please;:
! A " S E ) E F F E ! #
7%ere are !an" 8a"s to e1press cause and effect relationships< 7a)e t%is for e1a!pleE
i< 5e didnFt co!e 'ecause %e 8asnFt invited<
ii< Since %e 8asnFt invited9 %e didnFt co!e<
7%e cause of %is a&sence is t%at %e 8as not invited<
5e 8as not invited< So9 t%e effect or t%e result of t%is is t%at M%e didnFt co!eM< If %e %ad &een
invited %e 8ould %ave co!e< But %e 8as not invited9 conse.uentl" %e didnFt co!e<
EXAMPLES
1/
1< S%e didnFt attend t%e !eeting since s%e 8as not interested<
,< IF! glad t%e c%ildren are out9 for I %ave got a lot of 8or) to do at %o!e<
/< S%e didnFt tell t%e police &ecause of fear<
3< O8ing to %is carelessness9 t%e !an %ad an accident<
5< IF! sorr" for &eing late<
6< 7%an)s for "our attention<
7< 5e 8ent to %ospital &ecause %e 8as not feeling 8ell<
8<
* +o89 carefull" stud" t%e follo8ing structuresE
I
7%e cause of failure is laDiness<
One reason for failure is laDiness<
II
4ailure is caused &" laDiness<
Successive failures are due to carelessness<
III
7%e effect of laDiness is failure<
7%e conse.uence of laDiness is failure<
7%e result of laDiness is failure<
One effectGconse.uenceGresult of laDiness is failure<
IH
5e is laD"< Because of t%is9 %e fails<
S%e is %ard-8or)ing< So9 s%e succeeds<
5e 8asted %is ti!e< onse.uentl" %e didnFt succeed in %is e1a!s<
S%e 8or)s %ard< 7%erefore9 s%e al8a"s succeeds<
S%e 8or)s %ard< As a result9 s%e al8a"s gets good !ar)s<
5e never revises %is lessons< As a conse.uence9 t%e teac%er al8a"s punis%es %i!<
E + P L A I N I N G ) , " S # I F % I N G
7%e ai! of t%e proAect is to pro!ote t%e rural 8orld<
7%e !ain reason &e%ind t%is proAect is to %elp t%e students &eco!e autono!ous<
It see!s to !e evident t%at tec%nolog" %as alread" affected our !ode of life<
It see!s to !e o&vious t%at co!puters &eco!e a necessit" in our !odern life<

7a)ing into consideration factors li)e une!plo"!ent and t%e fierce co!petition in t%e
la&our !ar)et9 t%en t%e students %ave to see) )no8ledge ever"8%ere9 and s%ould not
rel" on sc%ool sources onl"< 7%e" arenFt enoug%<
All t%ings considered9 I t%in) students %ave to do t%eir &est to use all t%e possi&le
!eans of co!!unication in t%e profit for t%eir sc%ool proAects<
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F E A R
!"pressing fear
@%at scares G frig%tens !e !ost is<<<<<<<<<
C" c%ief G !aAorG !ain concern is<<<<<<
I canBt %elp &eing 8orried &"<<<<<
7%e pro&le! is<<<<
It is <<<<<<<<<<<< t%at scares !e<
IB! dreading t%e final verdict<
S % $ P A # & %
!"pressing Sympathy
@%at a pit" G s%a!e t%at<<<<<
5o8 disappointing:
@%at &ad G sad ne8s:
ItBs a great disappoint!ent:
5o8 terri&le:
ItBs terri&le t%at<<<<<<<<:
& % P O # & E S I S
I< !"pressing hypothesis a'out the past
1< CERTAINTY
Yes9 IB! certain it 8as a g%ost<
IB! sure it 8as onl" a &lac) cat<
It !ust %ave &een a rodent<
,< PROBABILITY / POSSIBILITY
$er%aps it 8as a g%ost<
It !ig%t G !a" G could %ave &een a &lac) cat<
/< IMPOSSIBILITY
It couldnBt G canBt %ave &een an ani!al<
IB! sure it 8asnBt a g%ost<
R E G R E #
!"pressing regret a'out past mistakes
o I oug%tnBt to %ave sold !" old &oo)s<
o I s%ouldnBt %ave done t%at<
I N D I F E R E N ! E
15
!"pressing indifference
A POLITELY
o 7%atBs all rig%t<
o It doesnBt !atter at all<
o I donBt !ind<
B LESS !ORMAL
o ItBs all t%e sa!e to !e<
o I donBt care<
C "ERY IN!ORMAL
o @%o cares;:
o So 8%at;:
D I S S A # I S F A ! # I O N
!"pressing Dissatisfaction
IB! fed up 8it% so!eone or so!et%ing<
IB! tired of so!eone or so!et%ing<
IB! sic) of so!eone or so!et%ing<
IB! sic) and tired of so!eone or so!et%ing<
As-i./ For !lari0icatio.
In order to avoid !isunderstanding one %as to as) for clarification to !a)e sure one
understands t%e !essage in t%e rig%t 8a"< If one is as)ed for clarification one %as to give it
and c%ec) for understanding< 5ere are so!e useful e1pressions "ou can use in &ot%
situationsE
e*uesting %larification:
4or!al
E1c2se me. 3hat 4as that a/ai.5
Pardo. me. 3o2ld 6o2 mi.d repeati./ that
Pardo. me. !o2ld 6o2 repeat that please5
I be/ 6o2r pardo.. 3o2ld 6o2 mi.d repeati./ that5
I7m sorr6. I did.7t /et the last part.
$a6 I i.terr2pt5 !o2ld 6o2 sa6 that a/ai. please5
Infor!al I8it% friendsJ
3hat5 I did.7t catch that.
3hat did 6o2 sa65 I did.7t /et the last part.
&2h5 8impolite9 %o2 lost me.
I didnBt get t%at< an "ou !a)e "ourself clear;
I a! co!pletel" in t%e dar)<
Asking for clarification for good understanding
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If I understand t%e ter!s correctl"<<<<<<<<<<<<<< Is t%at rig%t;
ould "ou ela&orate on t%at;
6o "ou !ean<<<<<<
I 8as under t%e i!pression t%at<<<<<<<<<
(et !e see if I %ave t%at rig%t< <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< Is t%at so;
Nse Ouestion 7ags<
I canBt understand<<<<<<<
I a! not sure I got "our point<
@ould "ou clarif" t%at a little9 please;
Giving %larification and checking for understanding<
4O-CA(
I !ean t%at<<<<<<
@%at I !ean is t%at<<<<
6oes t%at !a)e sense to "ou;
A! I !a)ing sense;
A! I clear enoug%;
6o "ou get t%at;
5ave I !ade !"self clear;
6o "ou see 8%at I !ean;
6o "ou understand so far;
Are "ou follo8ing !e;
I+4O-CA(
6id "ou catc% t%at;
6o "ou understand;
Is t%at clear no8;
-ig%t;
O)a"9 so far;
6id "ou get t%at;
Got it;
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%ttpEGGeng3/<tripod<co!
op"rig%t P All rig%ts reserved< - Cadrasati Q A&dessala!i OnK(ine
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