X and Moving Range Charts
1. Processes where sampling is destructive.
2. Testing of the process characteristic is costly.
3. ong production times.
!. ow volumes.
X and MR Charts are used to handle situations where only one
o"servation per su"group is ta#en. $ituations where this type of control
chart may "e used include%
&'it Program
X and Moving Range Charts
About the Authors
Paul Eggert is a Marketing Manager for an international computer company. He received his bachelors degree
in Business from New Jersey School of Business in 1! and e"pects to graduate with an MB# from Boise
State $niversity in the Spring of !%%!.
Susan Mohr is a Staff Strategist for an international telecommunications company. She received a
Microbiology &egree from Montana State $niversity and e"pects to graduate with an MB# from Boise State
$niversity in the 'all of !%%!.
Sera Cullen
X and MR Chart (efinitions and &'amples
Control Charts for )ndividuals or *ttri"utes
( #n X & MR Chart is used when only one observation per subgroup is taken and process variability needs to be determined.
( )"amples include but are not limited to*
((&estructive Sampling
((+esting of the ,rocess -haracteristic is -ostly
((.ong ,roduction +imes
(Since sampling is not being performed/ the central limit thereom does not apply.
*Therefore if the data are not normally distributed the X and MR chart is not recommended.
X Chart
( 0 is an individual observation from a population represented on an X Chart that reflects the population distribution.
( +he X Chart is made up of three components including*
**Observation: +he individual observation from a population.
((Data Point Mean: +his is the average of the data points being measured calculated as follows*
0 1 )"2k where 0 1 data mean
) 1 summation sign
" 1 population value
k 1 the number of values used to sum 0
((Control Limit: +he three standard deviation limit is referred to as natural variation where the controls are calculated as*
.ower -ontrol .imit 3.-.4 1 0 5 6372d!4
$pper -ontrol .imit 3$-.4 1 0 8 6372d!4
where 0 1 data mean
7 1 mean of moving range
d! 1 1.1!9
Moving Range +MR,
*+he Moving Range provides the basis of the variability estimation of an individual control chart 30 chart4.
(+he MR Chart is made up of three components including*
**MR Data Points: +he range obtained by taking the absolute value of the difference between successive observations.
M1 3Moving 7ange ,oint :ne4 1 ;"!5"1;
M! 3Moving 7ange ,oint +wo4 1 ;"65"!;
**MR Mean: +he average of the sum of moving range calculations obtained by taking the absolute value of the difference between
successive observations.
M7 1 )"2k where M7 1 moving range mean
) 1 summation sign
" 1 calculated moving range value
k 1 the number of values used to sum M7
**Control Limit: +he formulas used to determine the control chart patters are*
$pper -ontrol .imit 3$-.4 1 M7(&<
.ower -ontrol .imit 3.-.4 1 M7(%
=here M7 1 moving range mean
&< 1 6.!>?
&'ample
*The following example demonstrates sample strength observations for a chemical used in manufacturing. The moving range is
calculated from the observations and graphed onto an X and an MR Chart as shown.
Chemial Strength
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Sam#le
Strength
Moving
Range
Control Charts for )ndividuals or *ttri"utes
( #n X & MR Chart is used when only one observation per subgroup is taken and process variability needs to be determined.
( )"amples include but are not limited to*
((&estructive Sampling
((+esting of the ,rocess -haracteristic is -ostly
((.ong ,roduction +imes
(Since sampling is not being performed/ the central limit thereom does not apply.
*Therefore if the data are not normally distributed the X and MR chart is not recommended.
X Chart
( 0 is an individual observation from a population represented on an X Chart that reflects the population distribution.
( +he X Chart is made up of three components including*
**Observation: +he individual observation from a population.
((Data Point Mean: +his is the average of the data points being measured calculated as follows*
0 1 )"2k where 0 1 data mean
) 1 summation sign
" 1 population value
k 1 the number of values used to sum 0
((Control Limit: +he three standard deviation limit is referred to as natural variation where the controls are calculated as*
.ower -ontrol .imit 3.-.4 1 0 5 6372d!4
$pper -ontrol .imit 3$-.4 1 0 8 6372d!4
where 0 1 data mean
7 1 mean of moving range
d! 1 1.1!9
Moving Range +MR,
*+he Moving Range provides the basis of the variability estimation of an individual control chart 30 chart4.
(+he MR Chart is made up of three components including*
**MR Data Points: +he range obtained by taking the absolute value of the difference between successive observations.
M1 3Moving 7ange ,oint :ne4 1 ;"!5"1;
M! 3Moving 7ange ,oint +wo4 1 ;"65"!;
**MR Mean: +he average of the sum of moving range calculations obtained by taking the absolute value of the difference between
successive observations.
M7 1 )"2k where M7 1 moving range mean
) 1 summation sign
" 1 calculated moving range value
k 1 the number of values used to sum M7
**Control Limit: +he formulas used to determine the control chart patters are*
$pper -ontrol .imit 3$-.4 1 M7(&<
.ower -ontrol .imit 3.-.4 1 M7(%
=here M7 1 moving range mean
&< 1 6.!>?
&'ample
*The following example demonstrates sample strength observations for a chemical used in manufacturing. The moving range is
calculated from the observations and graphed onto an X and an MR Chart as shown.
1 ! 6 < @ > ? 9 1% 11 1!
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X Chart
:bservations
&ata mean
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MR Chart
M7 Mean
$pper -ontrol .imit
.ower -ontrol .imit
M7 &ata ,oints
Moving Range
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X and MR Chart (efinitions and &'amples
Control Charts for )ndividuals or *ttri"utes
( #n X & MR Chart is used when only one observation per subgroup is taken and process variability needs to be determined.
( )"amples include but are not limited to*
((&estructive Sampling
((+esting of the ,rocess -haracteristic is -ostly
((.ong ,roduction +imes
(Since sampling is not being performed/ the central limit thereom does not apply.
*Therefore if the data are not normally distributed the X and MR chart is not recommended.
X Chart
( 0 is an individual observation from a population represented on an X Chart that reflects the population distribution.
( +he X Chart is made up of three components including*
**Observation: +he individual observation from a population.
((Data Point Mean: +his is the average of the data points being measured calculated as follows*
0 1 )"2k where 0 1 data mean
) 1 summation sign
" 1 population value
k 1 the number of values used to sum 0
((Control Limit: +he three standard deviation limit is referred to as natural variation where the controls are calculated as*
.ower -ontrol .imit 3.-.4 1 0 5 6372d!4
$pper -ontrol .imit 3$-.4 1 0 8 6372d!4
where 0 1 data mean
7 1 mean of moving range
d! 1 1.1!9
Moving Range +MR,
*+he Moving Range provides the basis of the variability estimation of an individual control chart 30 chart4.
(+he MR Chart is made up of three components including*
**MR Data Points: +he range obtained by taking the absolute value of the difference between successive observations.
M1 3Moving 7ange ,oint :ne4 1 ;"!5"1;
M! 3Moving 7ange ,oint +wo4 1 ;"65"!;
**MR Mean: +he average of the sum of moving range calculations obtained by taking the absolute value of the difference between
successive observations.
M7 1 )"2k where M7 1 moving range mean
) 1 summation sign
" 1 calculated moving range value
k 1 the number of values used to sum M7
**Control Limit: +he formulas used to determine the control chart patters are*
$pper -ontrol .imit 3$-.4 1 M7(&<
.ower -ontrol .imit 3.-.4 1 M7(%
=here M7 1 moving range mean
&< 1 6.!>?
&'ample
*The following example demonstrates sample strength observations for a chemical used in manufacturing. The moving range is
calculated from the observations and graphed onto an X and an MR Chart as shown.
Control Charts for )ndividuals or *ttri"utes
( #n X & MR Chart is used when only one observation per subgroup is taken and process variability needs to be determined.
( )"amples include but are not limited to*
((&estructive Sampling
((+esting of the ,rocess -haracteristic is -ostly
((.ong ,roduction +imes
(Since sampling is not being performed/ the central limit thereom does not apply.
*Therefore if the data are not normally distributed the X and MR chart is not recommended.
X Chart
( 0 is an individual observation from a population represented on an X Chart that reflects the population distribution.
( +he X Chart is made up of three components including*
**Observation: +he individual observation from a population.
((Data Point Mean: +his is the average of the data points being measured calculated as follows*
0 1 )"2k where 0 1 data mean
) 1 summation sign
" 1 population value
k 1 the number of values used to sum 0
((Control Limit: +he three standard deviation limit is referred to as natural variation where the controls are calculated as*
.ower -ontrol .imit 3.-.4 1 0 5 6372d!4
$pper -ontrol .imit 3$-.4 1 0 8 6372d!4
where 0 1 data mean
7 1 mean of moving range
d! 1 1.1!9
Moving Range +MR,
*+he Moving Range provides the basis of the variability estimation of an individual control chart 30 chart4.
(+he MR Chart is made up of three components including*
**MR Data Points: +he range obtained by taking the absolute value of the difference between successive observations.
M1 3Moving 7ange ,oint :ne4 1 ;"!5"1;
M! 3Moving 7ange ,oint +wo4 1 ;"65"!;
**MR Mean: +he average of the sum of moving range calculations obtained by taking the absolute value of the difference between
successive observations.
M7 1 )"2k where M7 1 moving range mean
) 1 summation sign
" 1 calculated moving range value
k 1 the number of values used to sum M7
**Control Limit: +he formulas used to determine the control chart patters are*
$pper -ontrol .imit 3$-.4 1 M7(&<
.ower -ontrol .imit 3.-.4 1 M7(%
=here M7 1 moving range mean
&< 1 6.!>?
&'ample
*The following example demonstrates sample strength observations for a chemical used in manufacturing. The moving range is
calculated from the observations and graphed onto an X and an MR Chart as shown.
1 ! 6 < @ > ? 9 1% 11 1!
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X Chart
:bservations
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MR Chart
M7 Mean
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Chemial Strength
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