DOUBLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR BEAMS

ANALYSIS

F = 0 C

+ Cc = T s

Where :
Ts = A s f y ; C c = 0.85f c ' ab, C s = A's f sc
from similar triangles :
sc =

c - d'
* 0.003
c

Also, y (yield strain) =

if sc y
sc y

fy
Es

f sc = E s sc
f sc = f y

Note : To consider the concrete area/volume displaced by the compression bars in the concrete zone,
C c + C s = 0.85f c ' [ab - A' s] + A' s f sc
= 0.85f' c(ab) + A' s(f sc 0.85 f ' c )

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
ANALYSIS:
Engr.
Alberto S. Caete - Professor

Ultimate Stress Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

Given b, d, d' , As, A' s, fy, f' c

Find : Mu = Mn
Solution :
1.) max
2.) = As/bd
3.) if

max
max

singly

doubly

For Doubly :
4.) ' = A' s/bd
5.) if ( - ' ) >
( - ' ) <

max

use =

max

max

+ '

As = (

max

+ )bd

ok ! use As = As act

6 .) Assume sc >y (compression bars yield, f sc = f y - 0.85f' c)

C C = TS C S
0.85 f ' c( ab) = Asfy A' s ( fy 0.85 f ' c)
Asfy - A' s(fy - 0.85f' c)
a=
0.85f' c(b)
a
c=

7.) If sc >y (assumption is confirmed)

fsc = (c d) * 600 / c > fy (Step 7)

) (d -8)a ) + A's (f y - 0.85f c ' )(d - d' )

Mu = Mn = 0.90 ( 0.85
< ffy
(Step
c ' ab

8.) If f sc < f y (compression bars do not yield)

sc =

c d'
* 0.003
c

a = 1c

c d'
f sc = E s sc = 200000
* 0.003
c
c d'
f sc =
* 600
c
F = 0

A
S
I
D
E

TS = CC + C S
A Sf Y = 0.85 f ' c( ab) + A' S ( f sc 0.85 f ' c)

c d'

A S f Y = 0.85 f ' c1bc + A' S c (600) 0.85 f ' c ( multiply both side by c )

2
A Sf Y c = 0.85 f ' c1bc + A' S [ (c d ' )(600) 0.85 f ' c (c )]

( 0.85 f ' c1b ) c 2 ( A Sf Y 600 A'S +0.85 f ' cA'S ) c 600 A'S d ' = 0

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

Ultimate Stress Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

Let :

A = 0.85 f ' c1b

B = A Sf Y 600 A' S +0.85 f ' cA'S
C = 600 A'S d '

B B 2 + 4 AC
2A
c d'
f sc =
* 600
c
If compression bars do not
c=

yield

Mu = Mn = 0.90(0.85 f ' cab) d + A' S ( f sc 0.85 f ' c )( d d ')

2

DESIGN :
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

Ultimate Stress Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

Given : b, d, f' c, fy, Mu (design moment), d'

Find : As & A' s
Solution :
1.) 1, max
fy

2.) R max = max fy1 - max *

1.7f ' c

Mu
3.) R =
< R max (Singly)
note : unit of R is MPa
bd 2
> R max (Doubly)

For Doubly :
4.) M1 = R max bd 2 A s1 =
5.) M 2 =

Mu

max

bd

M1

M2
fy(d - d' )
7.) As = As1 + As 2
6.) As 2 =

8.) a =
9.) c =

As1fy
0.85f' cb
a

10.) f sc =

c-d
600 f y
c
If sc <y f sc = E s sc

11.) A' s =

As 2 fy
(f sc - 0.85f' c)

A
S
I
D
E

C s = Ts2 A' s(f sc - 0.85f' c) = As 2 fy

If sc >y f sc = fy
A' s(fy - 0.85f' c) = As 2 fy

SAMPLE PROBLEM:

M max =
w=

8M
L2

wL2
8

Determine the maximum WL that the beam can carry if WDL = 10 kN/m.
fc =28Mpa using Grade 60 bars.
Solution:
1
.

=
0
.
8
5
1

=
(0
. 7

m a
x

=
0.0
2
m
a x

A
s
=
6

A
s

=
=
b
d
3

>

m a
x

2
.
)

3
.
)
4
.
)

5
.
)

' s
=
2

4
0
2
.

'
=
3
0
0
x
5
A

'
=
0
.
0
A

7.
)

=
A
S
a

a
1
=
=

6
.

(
3
6
9
4
.
=

2
2
6

=
s c
2
2
4
1

=
y
2
0
0
0

>
s c
y
Mu

0.

Mu

=
0 .9
0

Mu

=
6
0
0

8M
=
=
2
L
W
u
W
=
L
L
W
u

.
)

=
0
.
8
5
1

=
(0
. 7
5

m a x

=
0.0
2
1
m
a x

A
s
=
6

A
s

=
=
b
d
3

>

m a x

2
.
)

3
.

4
.
)

5
.

s
=
2

4
0
2
.
1

'
=
3
0
0
x
5
A
'

'
=
0
.
0
2
A
a

6
.
)

7.
)

=
A
S
a

(
3
6
9
4
.
5
=

a
1
=
=

2
2
6.

=
s c
2
2
4
1
4

=
y
2
0
0
0

>
s c
y
Mu

0.8

Mu

=
0.9
0

Mu

=
6
0
0.

8M
=
=
2
L
W
u
W
=
L
L
W
u

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

Ultimate Stress Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

BEAMS WITH IRREGULAR CROSS-SECTIONS

T-BEAMS

Effective Width, be (NSCP Art. 408.11, p.4-26)

A. Interior Beams
1. L/4
2. bw + 16ts
3. c-c spacing
B. Exterior Beams
1. bw + L/12
2. bw + 6ts
3. (c-c spacing + bw)
2
IRREGULAR

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

BEAMS

Ultimate Stress Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

ANALYSIS:
Given: be, bw, d, ts, As, fc, fy
Find: Mu = Mn
Solution: Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )
Reinforced
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
1. 1, S.
Engr. Alberto
maxCaete - Professor

Ultimate Stress Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

2. Assume a = ts
Cc=0.85fc ts be
Ts=Asfy
3. If Ts < Cc => a < ts
Ts > Cc => a > ts

=> singly
=> irregular

If irregular
4.) Tf = Cf

Asf f y = ( 0.85f ' c )( be b w ) t s

0.85f ' c( be b w ) t s
Asf =
fy
t
Mf = Asf f y (d s )
2

5.) Asw = As - Asf

6.) As = Asf + Asw
Mn = Mf + Mw
7.) w =

A sw
bwd

8.) If w < max => ok! No reduction in Asw

If w > max => Asw = maxbwd
9.) a =

A sw f y
0.85f ' cb w

a
2

10. Mw = A sw f y d -
11. Mu = (Mf + Mw)
DESIGN:
Given : be, bw, ts, d, fc, fy, Mu
Find: As
1.) 1, max
2.) Assume a = ts
t
Mn = [ 0.85 f' c b e t s d - s
2

3.) If Mu
< MnDesign
a < ts( RCD
singly
Reinforced
Concrete
1)
Mu>9:00
Mn/ Thursday
a > ts irregular
Monday If
5:00
6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

Ultimate Stress Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

If irregular
4.) C f = 0.85f ' c( b e b w ) t s
Asf =

Cf
fy

M f = Cf d s
2

Mu
- M f
5.) M w =

fy
6.) m =
0.85 f ' c
M

w
7.) X w = b d 2 f
y
w

8.) req' d w =

1 - 1 - 2mX w
m

9.) If w > max

w < max
10. As = Asf + Asw

increase beam size bw,d

ok! Reqd Asw = wbwd

SAMPLE PROBLEM:
Design an interior beam of a floor system having a simple span of 18m, slab thickness of 100
mm, c-c spacing of 2.5 m, stem width of 300 mm, d= 630 mm, fc = 20 MPa, h= 700mm and Grade 40
bars.
The floor system is to carry super imposed loads listed below.
Dead Loads:
1. Ceiling = 0.5 kPa
2. Floor Finish = 1.8 kPa
3. Movable Partition = 1.0 kPa
Live Loads = 4.8 kPa
Solution:
Dead Loads:
Ceiling =
Floor fin =
Movable Par=
Slab =
Beam web =

0.5 kPa (2.5 m)

1.8 kPa (2.5m)
1.0 kPa (2.5m)
0.1 (2.5) (24)
24 (0.3) (0.7-0.1)

= 1.25 kN/m
= 4.5 kN/m
= 2.5 kN/m
= 6 kN/m
= 4.32 kN/m
DL = 18.57 kN/m

Live Load = 4.8 ( 2.5) = 12 kN/m

Reinforced
Wu = 1.4 Concrete
(18.57) + Design
1.7 (12)( RCD 1 )
Monday
9:00
Wu = 5:00
46.398
kN/m/ Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

:(2.5) is tributary width

Ultimate Stress Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

Mu =

Wu L 2 46.398 (18) 2
=
= 1879.12kNm
8
8

Effective Width
L 18
= = 4.5m
4 4
b.) be = bw + 16ts = 300mm + 16(100mm) = 1.9m
c.) be = 2.5 m.
Therefore.. be = 1.9m (smallest value governs)
a.) be =

1.) 1 = 0.85

0.85( 20 ) 600
max = ( 0.75)( 0.85)

276 600 + 276

max = 0.026895

2.) Mn = 0.85 f ' c( be )( ts ) a ts 2

)]

= 0.9 (0.85) (20) (1900) (100) (630-100/2) x 10-6

= 1686.06 kNm
(compare to Mu)

3.) Mu >Mn design as irregular

Cf = 0.85( 20 )(1900 300)100 = 2,720,000

2720000
= 9855.07 mm2
276
4.)
100 6

Mf = ( 2,720,000) 630
10 = 1577.6kNm
2

Asf =

1879.12
1577.6 = 510.31kNm
0.9
fy
276
=
= 15.235
6.) m =
0.85 f ' c 0.85( 20 )
2
510.31( 1000 )
= 0.015528
7.) Xw =
2
300 ( 630 ) ( 276 )
5.) Mw =

8.) req' d w =

1 - 1 - 2(16.235)( 0.015528)
= 0.018224
16.235

9.) w < max ok! Reqd Asw = wbwd = 0.018224 (300)(630) = 3444.34 mm2
10.) As = Asf + Asw
= 9855.07 + 3444.34
As = 13299.41 mm2

QUIZ SINGLY AND DOUBLY

Wu

6-25 mm
0.4 Wu

0.4 Wu

3-25 mm

3-25 mm
1.0 m

3.0 m

3.0 m

1.0 m

I. Determine the maximum load Wu that the bam below can carry. Use f' c = 40MPa and Grade 60 rebars.
b = 3.20 mm, d = 6.40 mm, and fy = 414 MPa.

At B:
3-25 mm

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

Ultimate Stress Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

0.05
(40 30) = .747857
7

(600)
(0.85)(40)
max =[0.75(0.85)]

= 0.028376

414

(600 + 414)

1.0 )1= 0.85

40
min = f' c =
=0.0038492
4fy (4 414)

1.4
min =1.4 =
=0.0033816
fy 414

use the greater value, then use

0.0033816
min =

2.0)

(25) 2 (3)
As
4
actual =
=
bd
(320)(640)

= 0.0072
actual
max

actual min
= 0.0072
3.0)

1472.62(414)
AsFy
=
= 56.04
(0.85)(f' cb) (0.85)(40)(320)
a
4.0).0 = AsFy(d )
2
56.04

= 0.9(1472.62)(414) (640 ) (1 10-6 )

2

Mu = 335.79 kN/m
R B = 2.8Wu
2
1
(2 0.4Wu + 0.65Wu )
6
= 0.225Wu

MB =

0.225Wu = 335.79
Wu = 1492.40kN/m

At C:

6-25 mm

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

Ultimate Stress Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

1.0) 1 = 0.77857
ax = 0.028376

min

= 0.0038192

(25) 2 (6)
As 4

=
=
= 0.014
actual bd (320)(640)

ma x
a ct ua l
mi n

=
0 .01 4
a
Mu

2 94 5.2 4(4 14)

=
=
1 12 .07
0.8 5(4 0) (32 0)

=
AsFy
(d

)
2

=
0.9 (2 945 .24) (41 4)
(64

=
64 0.8 4k N/ m
R

W
u

=
3.6W
u
64 0.8 4
=
=
17 8.01 kN /m
3 .6

MOMENT CAPACITY AT SLIDER

0.05
(32 30) = 0.83571
7
0.85 * 32
600
= 0.75 * 0.83571 *
*
= 0.024367
414
600 + 414

1 = 0.85
max

32
= 0.0034160
4 * 414
1.4
=
= 0.0033816
414

min =
min

MOMENT CAPACITY AT FIXED SUPPORT

min = 0.0034160

* 282 * 6 = 3694.5 mm 2
4
< max

1256.6
.5
AS = ( 20) 2 * 4 = 1256.6 mm 2 ,
=
= 3694
0.0052358
(Singly
) (USD)

=
=
0
< maxStress
Design
minUltimate
Reinforced
Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )400 * 600 400 * 595 >.015523
4
Ultimate
Stress
Design
(USD)
Reinforced
Concrete
Design
(
RCD

1
)
Lecture Notes
DOUBLY
REINFORCED
RECTANGULAR
BEAM & IRREGULAR
SECTIONS
Monday
5:00
9:00 /5:
Thursday
6:00
9:00
1256
.6 *QUIZ
414
3694
.5 * 414
a = Alberto
= 47
815
mm
Monday
5:00
-.9:00
/ Thursday 6:00 a9:00
=
= 140.58 mm
2k6 Lecture
2k7 Notes
Engr.
S.400
Caete
Professor
0.85 * 32 *
0.85 * 32 * 400
2k7
Engr.1.)
Alberto
S.
Caete
Professor
Determine the maximum
can.58
carry.
Use fc =2k6
32 MPa
47.815 safe6live load WL that the beam below140

6
M U = 0.9 * 1256and
.6 * 414
* 600
Assume
kN
-m
* 10that
M=
=total
0.73
.9 *dead
3694
.5 * 414

*10 = 722.30 kN - m
Grade
60 bars.
the
load
WD*=595
25 kN/m.
U269
2
2

AS =

ANALYSIS
RR =

1.75w + 2 w
* 2 = 3.75w
2

M pos = 3.75w * 2

22
( 2 * 2 w +1.75w) = 3.6667 w
6

22
( 2 *1.75w + 2 w) = 3.6667 w
6
3.6667 w = 269.73 w = 73.562 kN/m
M pos =

62
( 2 *1.75w + w) 3.6667 w = 23.333w
6
23.333w = 722.30 w = 30.956 kN/m
M neg =

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
w = 30.956 kN/m
Engr.
Alberto
S. Caete - Professor
WL =

30.956 - 1.4 * 25
= 2.3788 kN/m
1.7

Ultimate Stress Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

2.) Determine the ultimate moment capacities of the sections shown below. Use fc = 23 MPa
and Grade 40 bars.

be = 250 mm
b w = 450 mm

1 = 0.85
0.85( 23) 600

= 0.030929
276 600 + 276

max = 0.75(0.85)

1 = 0.85
0.85(23) 600
bal = 0.85
= 0.04124
assume a = 276
t s 600 + 276
75((023
.04124
0.03093
C max== 00..85
)(250) =)(100
) = 488750
C

TS > CC IRREGULAR

2
Tassume
=
(
25
)
(
6
)(
276
)
=
812887
.
1
a= t
S
4 s

As = (032
) 2 (423
) =)(3216
mm)(2100)
.85
250.991450
2
AAsw
= 4361
1416..967 mm2
sf =4= (25) (6) +1416.67 =
4
276
CC = 0.85(23)(80)(445
) = 695980
4361.9
w= =
013278
100.516
6 TS > CC IRREGULAR
TM
= 3216
.991
(=
276)0).730
= 887889
450
(730
)276
S A=s fy
1416
.
67
(

x10 = 265.88 kN - m
f
2

in 2Asw
w <0.
85max
(23)(
445 ok!
120no
)(80reduction
)
Asf =

= 1841.67 mm
be = 6(80) > 150
276
4361
.
9
(
276
)
Exterior Beam
Ultimate Stress Design (USD)
Reinforced
Concrete
1)
Design
(.84
a=
=80136
RCD
6 mm
Ultimate
Design (USD)
Reinforced
Concrete
Design
(
RCD

1
)
M
=
1841
.
67
(
276
)
980

x
10
=
477
.
80
kN
m

0
.
85
(
23
)(
450
)
f
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday
6:00 9:00 a.) be = b w + 6t s = 120 + 6(80) = Stress
600 mmLecture Notes
2

Lecture
Monday
5:00 S.
9:00
/ Thursday
6:00
9:00
2k6Notes
2k7
Engr. Alberto
Caete
136.84
- Professor
1m
1
( 470 + 120) + 150
M
=
4361
.
9
(
276
)
730

=
796
.
47
kN

2k6
2k7mm
Engr. Alberto
S.
Caete
Professor
Asww= As A sf = 3216.991 1841.67 2
b.) b e = (cc spcg) + b w =
=445

0..9324
(mm
2652 .88 + 796.47) = 477.53 kN
- m= 445 mm (lowest governs!)
AMswu= =
1375
b
e

w =

A sw
1375.324
=
= 0.011695
bwd
120(980)

w < max ok! no reduction in A sw

a=

1375.324( 276)
= 161.80286 mm
0.85( 23)(120)

161.80286

6
M w = 1375.324(276)980
x10 = 341.29 kN - m
2

M u = ( M f + M w )
M u = 0.90( 447.80 + 341.29)
M u = 737.18 kN - m x 2
M u = 1474.4 kN - m

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

Ultimate Stress Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7