Goa

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For other uses, see Goa (disambiguation).
Goa
State
Location of Goa in India
Map of Goa
Coordinates (Panaji): 152956 !"#9#$% Coordinates :
152956 !"#9#$%
Country India
Region &estern India
Established 19'!
Capital Panji(
Largest city )asco da Ga(a
Districts 2
Government
Governor *+arat )ir &anc+oo
Chief Minister Mano+ar Parri,ar (*-P)
Legislature .nica(era/ (#$ seats)
Parliamentary
constituency
2
igh Court *o(0a1 2i3+ Co4rt 5 Panaji6 Goa *enc+
!rea
"otal "6!$2 ,(
2
(16#29 s7 (i)
!rea ran# 2't+
Population (2$11)
"otal 16#5!6!2"
Ran# 25t+
Density "9$8,(
2
(16$$$8s7 (i)
"ime $one I9: (.:C;$5:"$)
%S& '()) code I<G=
D% $>!!9 (+i3+)
D% ran# "rd (2$$5)
Literacy '!? ("rd)
&fficial languages @on,ani
*ebsite AAA>3oa>3oB>in
+, @on,ani is t+e so/e officia/ /an34a3e 04t Marat+i is a/so a//oAed to 0e 4sed
for an1 or a// officia/ p4rposes>
C1DC2DC"D
Goa
i
8 o >E 8 is IndiaFs s(a//est state 01 area and t+e fo4rt+ s(a//est 01 pop4/ation> Located in &est India in t+e
re3ion ,noAn as t+e @on,an6 it is 0o4nded 01 t+e state of Ma+aras+tra to t+e nort+6 and 01 @arnata,a to t+e east and
so4t+6 A+i/e t+e =ra0ian 9ea for(s its Aestern coast> Goa is IndiaFs ric+est state Ait+ a GGP per capita tAo and a
+a/f ti(es t+at of t+e co4ntr1 as a A+o/e>
C#D
It Aas ran,ed t+e 0est p/aced state 01 t+e %/eBent+ Hinance Co((ission
for its infrastr4ct4re and ran,ed on top for t+e 0est 74a/it1 of /ife in India 01 t+e ationa/ Co((ission on Pop4/ation
0ased on t+e 12 Indicators>
C#D
Panaji is t+e stateFs capita/6 A+i/e )asco da Ga(a is t+e /ar3est cit1> :+e +istoric cit1 of Mar3ao sti// eI+i0its t+e
c4/t4ra/ inf/4ence of t+e Port434ese6 A+o first /anded in t+e ear/1 16t+ cent4r1 as (erc+ants and con74ered it soon
t+ereafter> Goa is a for(er Port434ese proBinceJ t+e Port434ese oBerseas territor1 of Port434ese India eIisted for
a0o4t #5$ 1ears 4nti/ it Aas anneIed 01 India in 1961>
C5DC6D
Goa is Bisited 01 /ar3e n4(0ers of internationa/ and do(estic to4rists eac+ 1ear for its 0eac+es6 p/aces of Aors+ip
and Aor/d +erita3e arc+itect4re> It a/so +as ric+ f/ora and fa4na6 oAin3 to its /ocation on t+e &estern G+ats ran3e6
A+ic+ is c/assified as a0iodiBersit1 +otspot>
Contents
C+ideD
1 %t1(o/o31
2 2istor1
" Geo3rap+1 and c/i(ate
o ">1 Geo3rap+1
o ">2 C/i(ate
# 940diBisions
o #>1 ort+ Goa
o #>2 9o4t+ Goa
o #>" M4nicipa/ities
5 H/ora and fa4na
6 %cono(1
! :ransport
o !>1 =ir
o !>2 Koad
o !>" Kai/
o !># 9ea
' Ge(o3rap+ics
9 Lan34a3es
1$ :o4ris(
o 1$>1 2istoric sites and nei3+0o4r+oods
o 1$>2 M4se4(s and science centre
11 Peop/e and c4/t4re
o 11>1 Gance and (4sic
o 11>2 :+eatre
o 11>" @on,ani cine(a
o 11># Hood
12 =rc+itect4re
1" 9ports
1# GoBern(ent and po/itics
15 Media and co((4nication
16 %d4cation
1! 9ee a/so
1' Citations
19 Keferences
2$ H4rt+er readin3
21 %Iterna/ /in,s
EtymologyCeditD
In ancient /iterat4re6 Goa Aas ,noAn 01 (an1 na(es6 s4c+
as Gomanta6 Gomanchala6 Gopakapattam6 Gopakapuri6 Govapuri6Govem6 and Gomantak>
C!D
:+e Indian
epic Mahabharata refers to t+e area noA ,noAn as Goa as Goparashtra or Govarashtra,A+ic+ (eans La nation of
coA+erdsL> Gopakapuri or Gopakapattanam Aere 4sed in so(e ancient 9ans,rit teIts6 and t+ese na(es Aere a/so
(entioned in ot+er sacred 2ind4 teIts s4c+ as t+e Harivansa and t+e Skanda Purana> In t+e "rd cent4r1 *C6 Goa
Aas ,noAn as Aparantha and is (entioned 01 t+e Gree, 3eo3rap+er Pto/e(1> In t+e 1"t+ cent4r16 t+e Gree,s
referred to Goa aselkinda> Mt+er +istorica/ na(es for Goa are Sindapur6 Sandabur6 and Mahassapatam>
C'D
HistoryCeditD
Main article! Histor" o# Goa
Koc, c4t en3raBin3 at .s3a/i(a/
GoaFs +istor1 3oes 0ac, 2$6$$$5"$6$$$ 1ears> :+e roc, art en3raBin3s eI+i0it t+e ear/iest traces of +4(an /ife in
India>
C9D:p>25#
.pper Pa/eo/it+ic or Meso/it+ic roc, art en3raBin3s +aBe 0een fo4nd on t+e 0an, of t+e
riBer @4s+aBati at .s3a/i(a/>
C1$D
Petro3/1p+s6 cones6 stone<aIe6 and c+oppers datin3 to 1$6$$$ 1ears a3o +aBe 0een
fo4nd in (an1 p/aces in Goa6 s4c+ as @aN4r6 Ma4Ii(6 and t+e MandoBi<O4ari 0asin>
C11D
%Bidence of Pa/aeo/it+ic /ife is
seen at Ga0o/i(6 =d,on6 9+i3ao6 Hatorpa6 =r/i6 Ma4/in34ini(6 GiAar6 9an34e(6 Pi/erne6 and =74e(<Mar3aon etc>
Giffic4/t1 in car0on datin3 t+e /aterite roc, co(po4nds poses a pro0/e( for deter(inin3 t+e eIact ti(e period>
C12D
Go/d coins iss4ed 01 t+e @ada(0a ,in3 of Goa6 9+iBac+itta Para(adideBa>$irca 11#!511'! =G>
%ar/1 Goan societ1 4nderAent radica/ c+an3es A+en Indo<=r1an and GraBidian (i3rants a(a/3a(ated Ait+ t+e
a0ori3ina/ /oca/s6 for(in3 t+e 0ase of ear/1 Goan c4/t4re>
C1"D
In t+e "rd cent4r1 *C6 Goa Aas part of t+e Ma4r1a %(pire6 r4/ed 01 t+e *4dd+ist e(peror6 =s+o,aof Ma3ad+a>
*4dd+ist (on,s /aid t+e fo4ndation of *4dd+is( in Goa> *etAeen t+e 2nd cent4r1 *C and t+e 6t+ cent4r1 =G6 Goa
Aas r4/ed 01 t+e *+ojas of Goa> C+4t4s of @arAar a/so r4/ed so(e parts as fe4datories of
t+e 9ataBa+anas of @o/+ap4r (2nd cent4r1 *C to t+e 2nd cent4r1 =G)6 &estern @s+atrapas (aro4nd 15$ =G)6
t+e=0+iras of &estern Ma+aras+tra6 *+ojas of t+e PadaB c/ans of G4jarat6 and t+e @on,an Ma4r1as as fe4datories of
t+e @a/ac+4ris>
C1#D
:+e r4/e /ater passed to t+e C+a/4,1as of *ada(i6 A+o contro//ed it 0etAeen 5!' to !5"6 and /ater
t+e Kas+tra,4tas of Ma/,+ed fro( !5" to 96"> Hro( !65 to 1$156 t+e 9o4t+ern 9i/+aras of @on,an r4/ed Goa as t+e
fe4datories of t+e C+a/4,1as and t+e Kas+tra,4tas>
C15D
MBer t+e neIt feA cent4ries6 Goa Aas s4ccessiBe/1 r4/ed 01
t+e @ada(0as as t+e fe4datories of t+e C+a/4,1as of @a/1ani> :+e1 patronised -ainis( in Goa>
C16D
In 1"126 Goa ca(e 4nder t+e 3oBernance of t+e Ge/+i 94/tanate> :+e ,in3do(Fs 3rip on t+e re3ion Aas Aea,6 and 01
1"!$ it Aas forced to s4rrender it to 2ari+ara I of t+e)ija1ana3ara e(pire> :+e )ija1ana3ara (onarc+s +e/d on to t+e
territor1 4nti/ 1#696 A+en it Aas appropriated 01 t+e *a+(ani s4/tans of G4/0ar3a> =fter t+at d1nast1 cr4(0/ed6 t+e
area fe// into t+e +ands of t+e =di/ 9+a+is of *ijap4r6 A+o esta0/is+ed as t+eir a4Ii/iar1 capita/ t+e cit1 ,noAn 4nder
t+e Port434ese as )e/+a Goa>
:+e 9e Cat+edra/ at M/d Goa6 an eIa(p/e of Port434ese arc+itect4re and one of t+e /ar3est c+4rc+es in =sia>
Coat of =r(s of Goa as a Port434ese enc/aBe 19"551961>
In 151$6 t+e Port434ese defeated t+e r4/in3 *ijap4r s4/tan Po4s4f =di/ 9+a+ Ait+ t+e +e/p of a /oca/ a//16:i(a11a>
:+e1 set 4p a per(anent sett/e(ent in )e/+a Goa (or M/d Goa)> :+is Aas t+e 0e3innin3 of Port434ese r4/e in Goa
t+at Ao4/d /ast for fo4r and a +a/f cent4ries6 4nti/ 1961>
In 1'#" t+e Port434ese (oBed t+e capita/ to Panji( fro( )e/+a Goa> *1 t+e (id<1't+ cent4r16 Port434ese Goa +ad
eIpanded to (ost of t+e present<da1 state /i(its> 9i(4/taneo4s/1 t+e Port434ese /ost ot+er possessions in India 4nti/
t+eir 0orders sta0i/ised and for(ed t+e %stado da Qndia Port434esa or State o# Portuguese %ndia6 of A+ic+ Goa Aas
t+e /ar3est territor1>
=fter India 3ained independence fro( t+e *ritis+ in 19#!6 India re74ested t+at Port434ese territories on t+e Indian
s40continent 0e ceded to India> Port43a/ ref4sed to ne3otiate on t+e soBerei3nt1 of its Indian enc/aBes> Mn 19
Gece(0er 19616 t+e Indian =r(1 0e3an (i/itar1 operations Ait+ Mperation )ija1 res4/tin3 in t+e anneIation of
Goa6 Ga(an6 and Gi4 into t+e Indian 4nion> Goa6 a/on3 Ait+ Ga(an and Gi46 Aas or3aniNed as a centra//1
ad(inistered 4nion territor1 of India> Mn "$ Ma1 19'!6 t+e 4nion territor1 Aas sp/it6 and Goa Aas (ade IndiaFs tAent1<
fift+ state6 Ait+ Ga(an and Gi4 re(ainin3 a 4nion territor1>
Geography and climateCeditD
GeographyCeditD
Goa coast/ine at Gona Pa4/a
Goa enco(passes an area of "6!$2 ,(
2
(16#29 s7 (i)> It /ies 0etAeen t+e /atit4des 1#5"5# and 15#$$$ and
/on3it4des !"#$"" % and !#2$1" %> Most of Goa is a part of t+e coasta/ co4ntr1 ,noAn as t+e @on,an6 A+ic+ is
an escarp(ent risin3 4p to t+e &estern G+ats ran3e of (o4ntains6 A+ic+ separate it fro( t+e Geccan P/atea4> :+e
+i3+est point is t+e 9onso3or6 Ait+ an a/tit4de of 1616! (etres ("6'29 ft)> Goa +as a coast/ine of 1$1 ,( (6" (i)>
GoaFs (ain riBers are MandoBi6 O4ari6 :ere,+o/6 C+apora,4s+aBati riBer and t+e 9a/> :+e Mor(43ao +ar0o4r on t+e
(o4t+ of t+e KiBer O4ari is one of t+e 0est nat4ra/ +ar0o4rs in 9o4t+ =sia> :+e O4ari and t+e MandoBi are t+e /ife/ines
of Goa6 Ait+ t+eir tri04taries drainin3 69? of its 3eo3rap+ic area> :+ese riBers are so(e of t+e 04siest riBers in India>
Goa +as (ore t+an fort1 est4arine6 ei3+t (arine and a0o4t ninet1 riBerine is/ands> :+e tota/ naBi3a0/e /en3t+ of GoaFs
riBers is 25" ,( (15! (i)> Goa +as (ore t+an t+ree +4ndred ancienttan,s 04i/t d4rin3 t+e r4/e of t+e @ada(0a
d1nast1 and oBer a +4ndred (edicina/ sprin3s>
Most of GoaFs soi/ coBer is (ade 4p of /aterites A+ic+ are ric+ in ferric a/4(ini4( oIides and reddis+ in co/o4r>
H4rt+er in/and and a/on3 t+e riBer0an,s6 t+e soi/ is (ost/1 a//4Bia/ and /oa(1> :+e soi/ is ric+ in (inera/s and +4(4s6
t+4s cond4ciBe to p/antation> 9o(e of t+e o/dest roc,s in t+e Indian s40continent are fo4nd in Goa
0etAeen Mo/e( and =n(od on GoaFs 0order Ait+ @arnata,a> :+e roc,s are c/assified as :rondje(eitic
Gneiss esti(ated to 0e "66$$ (i//ion 1ears o/d6 dated 01 t+eK40idi4( isotope datin3 (et+od> = speci(en of t+e roc,
is eI+i0ited in t+e Goa .niBersit1>
ClimateCeditD
G4d+sa3ar Ha//s on t+e Goa<@arnata,a 0order>
Goa feat4res a tropica/ (onsoon c/i(ate 4nder t+e @Rppen c/i(ate c/assification> Goa6 0ein3 in t+e tropica/ None and
near t+e =ra0ian 9ea6 +as a +ot and +4(id c/i(ate for (ost of t+e 1ear> :+e (ont+ of Ma1 is t+e +ottest6 seein3 da1
te(perat4res of oBer "5 C (95 H) co4p/ed Ait+ +i3+ +4(idit1> :+e (onsoon rains arriBe 01 ear/1 -4ne and proBide a
(4c+ needed respite fro( t+e +eat> Most of GoaFs ann4a/ rainfa// is receiBed t+ro43+ t+e (onsoons A+ic+ /ast ti// /ate
9epte(0er>
Goa +as a s+ort Ainter season 0etAeen (id<Gece(0er and He0r4ar1> :+ese (ont+s are (ar,ed 01 ni3+ts of aro4nd
21 C (!$ H) and da1s of aro4nd 2' C ('2 H) Ait+ (oderate a(o4nts of +4(idit1> H4rt+er in/and6 d4e to a/tit4dina/
3radation6 t+e ni3+ts are a feA de3rees coo/er>
C+ideDClimate data for Goa
Month -an .eb Mar !pr May -un -ul !ug Sep &ct /ov
!verage high 0C 10.2
"1>6
(''>9)
"1>5
(''>!)
"2
(9$)
""
(91)
""
(91)
"$>"
('6>5)
2'>9
('#)
2'>'
('">')
29>5
('5>1)
"1>6
(''>9)
"2>'
(91)
Daily mean 0C 10.2
26
(!9)
26>"
(!9>")
2!>!
('1>9)
29>"
('#>!)
"$
('6)
2!>6
('1>!)
26>!
('$>1)
26>#
(!9>5)
26>9
('$>#)
2!>9
('2>2)
2!>6
('1>!)
!verage lo3 0C 10.2
19>6
(6!>")
2$>5
(6'>9)
2">2
(!">')
25>6
(!'>1)
26>"
(!9>")
2#>!
(!6>5)
2#>1
(!5>#)
2#
(!5)
2">'
(!#>')
2">'
(!#>')
22>"
(!2>1)
Precipitation mm 1inches2
$>2
($>$$')
$>1
($>$$#)
1>2
($>$#!)
11>'
($>#65)
112>!
(#>#"!)
'6'>2
("#>1'1)
99#>'
("9>165)
512>!
(2$>1'5)
251>9
(9>91!)
12#>'
(#>91")
"$>9
(1>21!)
!vg4 precipitation days $ $ $>1 $>' #>2 21>9 2!>2 1">" 1">5 6>2 2>5
Mean monthly sunshine hours "1">1 "$1>6 291># 2'' 29!>6 126 1$5># 12$>9 1!! 2#' 2!"
Source &'! &or/d Meteoro/o3ica/ Mr3aniNation
C1!D

Source &(! 2on3 @on3 M0serBator1
C1'D
#or sunshine and mean temperatures
SubdivisionsCeditD
:a/4,as of Goa> :a/4,as in p4rp/e s+ades 0e/on3 toort+ Goa district6 and oran3e denote 9o4t+ Goa district>
Main article! )istricts o# Goa
:+e state is diBided into tAo districts: ort+ Goa and 9o4t+ Goa> %ac+ district is 3oBerned 01 a district co//ector6 an
ad(inistrator appointed 01 t+e Indian 3oBern(ent>
/orth GoaCeditD