Advanced Complex Numbers & Induction
Uploaded by
Maged SamuelAdvanced Complex Numbers & Induction
Uploaded by
Maged Samuel1.
(a) Prove, using mathematical induction, that for a positive integer n,
(cos + i sin)
n
= cos n + i sin n where i
2
= 1.
(b) he comple! number z is defined b" z = cos + i sin.
(i) #how that
z
1
= cos () + i sin ().
(ii) $educe that z
n
+ z
n
= 2 cos n.
(c) (i) %ind the binomial e!pansion of (z + z
l
)
&
.
(ii) 'ence show that cos
&
=
1(
1
(a cos & + b cos ) + c cos ),
where a, b, c are positive integers to be found.
2. (a) *se mathematical induction to prove $e +oivre,s theorem
(cos + i sin)
n
= cos (n) + i sin (n), n
+
.
(b) -onsider z
&
)2 = ..
(i) #how that z
1
= 2
&
2/
sin i
&
2/
cos
is one of the comple! roots of this
e0uation.
(ii) %ind z
1
2
, z
1
)
, z
1
1
, z
1
&
, giving "our answer in the modulus argument form.
(iii) Plot the points that represent z
1
, z
1
2
, z
1
)
, z
1
1
and z
1
&
, in the comple! plane.
(iv) he point z
1
n
is mapped to z
1
n+1
b" a composition of two linear transformations,
where n = 1, 2, ), 1. 2ive a full geometric description of the two transformations.
3. Prove b" mathematical induction that
x d
d
(x
n
) = nx
n1
, for all positive integer values of n.
4. *sing mathematical induction, prove that the number 2
2n
)n 1 is
divisible b" 3, for n = 1, 2, ..... .
5. (a) 4valuate (1 + i)
2
, where i =
1
.
(b) Prove, b" mathematical induction, that (1 + i)
1n
= (1)
n
, where n 5.
(c) 'ence or otherwise, find (1 + i)
)2
.
6. *se mathematical induction to prove that &
n
+ 3
n
+ 2 is divisible b" 1, for n
+
.
1
7. (a) *se mathematical induction to prove that
=
+
=
+
n
r
n
n
r r
1
1 2 1) (2 1) (2
1
, n
+
.
(b) 'ence show that the sum of the first (n + 1) terms of the series
)
1
+
1&
1
+
)&
1
+
()
1
+ ... is
) ) (2
) 1 (
+
+
n
n
.
8. (a) *se mathematical induction to prove that
(1)(16) + (2)(26) + ())()6) + ...+ (n)(n6) = (n +1)671 where n
+
.
(b) %ind the minimum number of terms of the series for the sum to e!ceed 1.
3
.
9. Prove by induction that 12
n
+ 2(&
n71
) is a multiple of 8 for n
+
.
10. 9et u =1+
i )
and v =1+ i where i
2
= 71.
(a) (i) #how that
i.
2
1 )
2
1 )
+
+
=
v
u
(ii) :" e!pressing both u and v in modulus;argument form show that
+ =
12
/
sin i
12
/
cos 2
v
u
.
(iii) Hence find the exact value of tan
12
/
in the form
) b a +
where a, b .
(b) *se mathematical induction to prove that for n
+
,
( ) .
n n
n
n
+ = +
)
/
sin i
)
/
cos 2 i ) 1
(c) 9et z =
.
u v
u v
+
2
2
#how that <e z = ..
2
