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Urn Problems

The document discusses probability problems involving drawing marbles from urns with different combinations of colored marbles. It addresses problems involving drawing with and without replacement, and calculating probabilities of drawing marbles of specific colors. The problems are worked through step-by-step showing the probability calculations.

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Swati Rohan Jadhav
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512 views

Urn Problems

The document discusses probability problems involving drawing marbles from urns with different combinations of colored marbles. It addresses problems involving drawing with and without replacement, and calculating probabilities of drawing marbles of specific colors. The problems are worked through step-by-step showing the probability calculations.

Uploaded by

Swati Rohan Jadhav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Urn Problems

1. An urn contains 4 white and 3 red marbles.


(a) If two marbles are selected without replacement from this urn,
what is the probability that the two marbles selected are white?
(2/7)
For the rst pick we have probability of 4/7 and for the second pick
we have a one less white ball, 3/6. The probability for selecting
both balls is 4/7 3/6.
Or we can view this as choosing 2 white balls out of 4 divided by
the number of ways to choose 2 balls from 7,

4
2

7
2
.
(b) If two marbles are selected with replacement from this urn, what
is the probability that the two marbles selected are white? (16/49)
For the rst pick we have a have probability of 4/7 and for the
second pick we have a probability of 4/7. Therefore there is 4/7
4/7 of picking two white balls with replacement.
2. An urn contains 3 white and 7 yellow balls. Two balls are drawn
at random from the urn. Determine the probability for each of the
following:
(a) two white balls without replacement. (1/15)
For the rst pick we have probability of 3/10 and for the second
pick we have one less white ball, 2/9. The probability for selecting
both balls is 3/10 2/9.
Or we can view this as choosing 2 white balls out of 3 divided by
the number of ways to choose 2 balls from 10,

3
2

10
2
.
(b) one of each color without replacement. (7/15)
Suppose we pick a white ball then a yellow ball, the probability
of this occurring is 3/10 7/9. The next case would be picking a
1
yellow ball followed by picking a white ball, the probability of this
event is 7/103/9. The probability of these two mutual exclusive
events is 3/10 7/9 + 7/10 3/9 = 2(7/10 3/9).
(c) two yellow balls with replacement. (.49)
The probability of picking a yellow ball is 7/10. The probability
of picking a yellow ball on the second time is also 7/10. Thus the
probability of picking two balls with replacements is 7/10 7/10.
3. An urn contains 4 red and 6 green balls. Two balls are drawn at random
without replacement. What is the probability that the two selected are
of dierent colors? (8/15)
This problem is the same as 2 (b).
4. Urn A contains 4 white and 3 red marbles, urn B contains 2 white
and 5 red marbles, and urn C contains 2 white and 6 red marbles. A
marble is to be selected from each one of the three urns. What is the
probability that the three selected are of the same color? (53/196)
The probability of picking a white ball from the urn A is 4/7, from the
urn B is 2/7 and from urn C is 2/8. The probability of picking a white
ball from all three is 4/7 2/7 2/8.
The probability of picking a red ball from the urn A is 3/7, from the
urn B is 5/7 and from urn C is 6/8. The probability of picking a white
ball from all three is 3/7 5/7 6/8.
The two events are mutually exclusive, so the probablility of picking
all white balls or all red balls is 4/7 2/7 2/8 + 3/7 5/7 6/8.
5. An urn contains 7 red balls and 4 yellow balls.
(a) Suppose you pick two balls. What is the probability of picking
only 1 yellow ball without replacement?
There are two samples that have only one yellow ball, the sum of
their probabilities is 2 7/11 4/10.
2
Urn
7R, 4Y
Urn
7R, 3Y
P({Y, Y }) =
4
11

3
10
Y
3
1
0
P({Y, R}) =
4
11

7
10 R
7
1
0
Y
4
1
1
Urn
6R, 4Y
P({R, Y }) =
7
11

4
10
Y
4
1
0
P({R, R}) =
7
11

6
10 R
6
1
0
R
7
1
1
(b) Suppose you pick two balls. What is the probability of picking
only 1 yellow ball with replacement?
There are two samples that have only one yellow ball, the sum of
their probabilities is 2 7/11 4/11.
Urn
7R, 4Y
Urn
7R, 4Y
P({Y, Y }) =
4
11

4
11
Y
4
1
1
P({Y, R}) =
4
11

7
11 R
7
1
1
Y
4
1
1
Urn
7R, 4Y
P({R, Y }) =
7
11

4
11
Y
4
1
1
P({R, R}) =
7
11

7
11 R
7
1
1
R
7
1
1
(c) Suppose you pick 3 balls. What is the probability of picking only
1 yellow ball without replacement?
There are three possible outcomes that are included in the event.
We could rst pick a yellow ball and then two red balls with prob-
ability 4/11 7/10 7/9.
We could also rst pick a red ball, then a yellow followed by a red
ball. The probability of this outcome is 7/11 4/10 6/9.
3
Finally we could rst pick two red balls and then a yellow ball
with probability 7/11 6/10 4/9. The probability of either of
the three outcomes occurring is therefore 3(7/11 6/10 4/9).
(d) Suppose you pick 3 balls. What is the probability of picking only
1 yellow ball with replacement?
There are three possible outcomes that are included in the event.
We could rst pick a yellow ball and then two red balls with prob-
ability 4/11 7/11 7/11.
We could also rst pick a red ball, then a yellow followed by a red
ball. The probability of this outcome is 7/11 4/11 7/11.
Finally we could rst pick two red balls and then a yellow ball
with probability 7/11 7/11 4/11. The probability of either of
the three outcomes occurring is therefore 3(7/11 7/11 4/11).
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